2010 Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Shortlist - Rehabilitation of Al-Qaraouiyine Mosque, Morocco
One of the 19 nominees for the 11th Cycle of The Aga Khan Award for Architecture
Location: Fez, Morocco (North Africa)
Architect: Mohammed Fikri Benabdallah
Client: Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs
Completed: 2005-2007
Design: 2004-2005
Site size: 7'200 m²
Since 859 AD, when construction commenced, and especially since the twelfth-century expansions under the Almoravid dynasty, the Al-Qaraouiyine mosque has been a vital presence at the heart of the medina of Fez, not only as a place of worship but as one of the world's oldest universities. The aim of the rehabilitation project was not only to preserve the historic fabric of the mosque but also to revive its cultural and social role in the life of the citizens of Fez and to enhance its use as a place of worship and a place of learning. The rehabilitation team, relying entirely on Moroccan experts and professionals, adopted a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach in the project. Their strategy involved the critical examination of the haphazard interventions of the past 60 years and rigorous documentation work. New technologies were employed to reverse the process of slow degradation that was undermining the structure's physical integrity, and previous inappropriate interventions were removed where feasible. The work was completed in such a way as to not interfere with the daily use of the mosque by worshippers. Al-Qaraouiyine's academic role has also been broadened after the completion of the rehabilitation project, and it has once again started accepting female students for courses of study.
For more information, please see:
Fez, a historical capital in northern Morocco (in French)
In the late eighth century, Idris bin Abd Allah created Madinat Fas, on the right bank of a river bearing the same name. At the beginning of the ninth century, his son strengthened this city as the capital of the Idrisid dynasty, creating another town on the left bank of the river (809).
For two centuries, Fez preserved both centers of population, one facing the other in constant rivalry. In the late eleventh century, the Almoravid emir, Yusuf ben Tashufin, did away with this duality, uniting both areas behind one single city wall and building a citadel at the top. Years later, the Almohads besieged Fez for a long period of time, until in 1145 they managed to enter it, harshly punishing the city, then destroying its citadel and walls, which the Almohad caliph al-Nasir would have rebuilt in 1212.
In the middle of the same century, the Merinid dynasty conquered Fez, making it their capital city while creating a new duality by founding the “new Fez,” Fez Al-Jadid, an area dedicated mainly to the court and government, whereas the old Fez concentrated on handicrafts and trade.
Today Fez is a lively city of great importance in religious and cultural affairs. It is the third largest city in Morocco and one of those most visited by tourists. It is a UN World Heritage site with a rich historical past forced to live side-by-side with its intense modern life.
Culture Vultures / Morocco Exchange/ Pepperdine University- Jewish influence on the artisan craft
After spending time with artisans in the Medina we found them to be friendly and willing to help us. They were all very enthusiastic about their craft. Both were hard workers and one man even lives where he works.
Jellabas are a prominent item in Sefrou, Dearing about the Jewish influence on them and their history opened our eyes to Islamic-Jewish relations. The inerrancy of the craft requires precision and focus.
Karen, Amanda, and Chandra Facebook love story about Morocco
Is the American Home Furnishings Market Ready to invest in Artisan Made products from Morocco?
High Point, NC/ Marrakech, Morocco
The Antique and Design Center of High Point, NC (USA) team has just completed a week of intensive market research in Morocco as guests of The Ministry of Arts and Handicrafts. Invited by the Ministry’s representatives, Morocco Premier Events, headed by Hassan Samrhouni of the Washington DC Metro area and Maison de l'Artisan of Morocco, Karen Luisana, Amanda Kinney and Chandra Young were honored to meet with artisans, business owners and members of the Ministry, and share with them their expertise on the American home furnishings markets, while learning about the techniques and intensive labor involved in creating hand-made home furnishings and gifts in Morocco.
The Antique & Design Center of High Point (hpadc.com) produces a bi-annual exhibition of exquisite antiques, extraordinary one-of-a-kinds and artisan made pieces, as well as an educational lecture series at High Point Market, the largest furnishings industry trade show in the world. The ADC opened its doors in 2010 and has become a must-visit destination for leading edge interior designers, architects and retailers in the US and international markets.
While in Morocco they visited artisan workshops, and evaluated products and showrooms in order to prepare a comprehensive report for the Ministry of Arts and Handicrafts. This report considers how Moroccan hand-made furniture, lighting, rugs, accessories and organic products can fit into the American Luxury Home Furnishings Markets and the best way to reach and sell to those markets.
“We think Americans are ready for a taste of Morocco and we want to help them discover it and fall in love as we have,” noted ADC founder, Karen Luisana. Her partner, Amanda Kinney, added, “A growing trend in the US is the idea of a well-traveled home. People are tiring of grey-beige and are longing for color, texture and layers that will conjure thoughts of romance and adventure that speak to them.”
Hassan Samrhouni, CEO and President of Morocco Premier Events and Showroom, near Washington DC, is a Moroccan-American, who has lived in the US for over three decades and is deeply involved in all aspects of the Moroccan-American community and relations. His gallery and cultural center in Sterling, VA serves as a window into Morocco, a place for Americans to find treasures from a far-away land and to learn about it’s rich traditions, superb craftsmanship, hospitality and customs. His goal is to bring Morocco to America.
La Maison de l’Artisan was created in 1957 by the late His majesty King Mohammed V, to promote the development of craft production and facilitate flow to both domestic and international markets. His Majesty King Mohammed VI is carrying on this commitment to the Moroccan people by investing in the education of young artisans to pass on the traditional arts from generation to generation. Its mission is twofold: to support the marketing campaign of handicraft products and to consolidate the brand image of the “Moroccan handicraft”.
History of the Jews in Morocco | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Morocco
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Moroccan Jews constitute an ancient community. Before the founding of Israel in 1948, there were about 250,000 to 350,000 Jews in the country, which gave Morocco the largest Jewish community in the Muslim world, but fewer than 2,500 or so remain. Jews in Morocco, originally speakers of Berber languages, Judeo-Moroccan Arabic or Judaeo-Spanish, were the first in the country to adopt the French language, and unlike the general population French remains the main (and, in many cases, the exclusive) language of members of the Jewish community there.
Stop Violence in the Name of Religion/World Interfaith Harmony week Morocco 2014
Moroccan Souk - But Where Are All the Tourists?
Ventured into a local market and suddenly realised we were the only foreigners...
For more visit the60secondchef.com
And here's a bit of background - thanks Wiki!
Morocco is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior and large portions of desert. It is one of only three countries (with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. The Arabic name al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah (Arabic: المملكة المغربية, meaning The Western Kingdom) and Al-Maghrib (Arabic: المغرب, meaning The West) are commonly used as alternate names.
Morocco has a population of over 33 million and an area of 446,550 km2 (172,410 sq mi). Its political capital is Rabat, although the largest city is Casablanca; other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Tetouan, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Its distinct culture is a blend of Arab, indigenous Berber, Sub-Saharan African, and European influences.
Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara as its Southern Provinces. Morocco annexed the territory in 1975, leading to a guerrilla war with indigenous forces until a cease-fire in 1991. Peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the Constitutional court.
Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, while the official languages are Berber and Arabic. Moroccan Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken.
Ramon Goose - The Long Road To Tiznit - Morocco Moroccan musique marocaine تزنيت - المملكة المغربية
From the album 'Long Road to Tiznit' (World Music Network)
From the ancient folk pieces of the Berber mountain communities, to the Arab-Andalusian music of the cities, to the roots-fusion that you'll hear blaring from taxi radios and café ghetto blasters, music is the ultimate expression of Morocco's culture.
Berber Music
The Berber are the first known inhabitants of Africa’s north-western corner. Over centuries they
monopolised the Saharan trade in salt, gold and slaves and spread their culture throughout the region.There are three main categories of Berber music; village, ritual and professional music.
In a typical scene of village music-making, an entire community may gather in the open air to sing and dance in a large ring around an ensemble of drum (bendir) and flute (nair). The best-know dances are the ahouache and the ahidus. Over the past twenty years several masters of bumzdi and ahouache have become very well know nationwide.
Berber ritual music often features drums and rhythmic handclapping. It is used in the rites of the agricultural calendar - such as moussems - as well as on occassions such as marriage. Ritual music is also performed to help deal with evil spirits.
In the Atlas Mountains professions troupes of musicians, called imdyazn, travel during summer and perform in village squares and at weekly souks. A leader improvises poems telling of current affairs.Drum, rabab and clarinet accompany the singer. The clarinettist also acts as the ensembles' clown.
Rwais
Rwais are Cheuh Berber musicians from the Sous valley who perform ancient msuical theatre involving poetry, fine clothes, jewels and elaborate rwais. Groups consist of single-string rabab, one or two lotars (lutes), sometimes nakous (cymbals), and a number of singers. They play for every celebration and produce their own repertoire (again, commenting on current affairs) and improvisations. Female ensembles are called raysat.
Andalous Music
Morocco's Arab-Andalusian classical tradition evolved 1000 years ago in Moorish Spain and can be heard, with variations, throughout North Africa. It's invention is credited to Ziryab, whose greatest innovation was the classical suite nuba, which forms the basis of al-ala (Andalous music). Although somewhat elite, Andalou music is still very much alive and is regularly performed on national TV.
Nuba
Originally there was a nuba for every hour of the day, but most have been lost. Complete nuba last between six and seven hours and have five main parts - mizan - each of a different length and meter. Each mizan starts with instrumental preludes followed by up to twenty sana’a (songs), which deal with subjects ranging from the religious to the taboo.When the Arabs were driven out of Spain, the different musical schools were dispersed across Morocco. Centuries on, the most famous andalous orchestras are those of Fes, Rabat and Tetouan. A typical andalous orchestra uses rabab (fiddle), oud (lute), kamenjah (violin-style instrument played vertically on the knee), qanun (zither), darbuka (metal or pottery goblet drums) and taarija (tambourine). Clarinets, flutes, banjos and pianos have all been used from time to time with varying degrees of success.
Milhun
Milhun is a semi-classical sung poetry associated with artisans and traders. It makes use of the same modes as al-ala orchestras, but is more lively and danceable. A Milhun suite consists of two parts: an a-metrical taqusim played on oud or violin, which introduces the mode, and the qassida, sung poems with words of folk or mystical poetry, or nonsense lines. The qassida has three parts: al aqsam (verses that are sung solo), al-harba (chorus refrains) and al-drîdka (a chorus of accelerating tempo). The milhûn orchestra generally consists of oud, kamenjah, swisen (a small, high-pitched folk lute), the hadjouj (a bass swisen), taarija, darbuka and handwa (small brass cymbals), plus a number of singers.
Gharnati Milhun Nuba Andalous Rwais Berber Sufi Gnawa Chaabi
Midnight walk in the medina of Marrakech
Werner Kreis on the way to the restaurant Ksar Hamra in Marrakech.
About us
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a division of Meeting Consult International and Member of MC International Media Group is an independent media and PR magazine dedicated to the international meeting industry and business travel market and provides the largest email distribution for the MICE industry worldwide. MICE-Contact.com breaks news and top stories online and through targeted email alerts. The weekly 'MICE Business Travel News' is now subscribed by more than 78,000 MICE executives, key buyers and journalists aroung the globe.
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HSN | Heidi Daus Jewelry Designs 01.22.2018 - 11 AM
Timeless elegance permeates these high-end, vintage-style jewelry pieces, offering distinct designs. Each creation is handcrafted for exceptional beauty, semi-precious stones, crystals and antique gold finishes. Cutting-edge technology
Prices shown on the previously recorded video may not represent the current price. View hsn.com to view the current selling price.SHOP NOW
Festival celebrates Morocco's horsemanship traditions
Morocco's long tradition of horsemanship continues to thrive, as people flock to watch equestrian displays that mimic the wars of the past.
Community leaders are using special festivals to put their towns on the map and drum up more business.
Dressed in traditional robes and riding horses decorated in ornate saddles, the men clutch their rifles and reins, ready to charge.
A shout; and they're off.
Galloping in unison, they grip their rifles and fire into the air, just before the enclosure ends.
It's an awesome sight, a high speed display of horsemanship simulating the devastating charges of Arab and Berber raiders from many centuries past.
Known in Europe as the fantasia and in Morocco as tbourida or la'b al boudra or the game of gunpowder, the spectacle delights watching crowds.
Performed at festivals everywhere from tiny Berber mountain villages to Morocco's largest cities, it is a tribute to the country's warrior past and a central part of this kingdom's culture.
Where once it would have been associated with war, teams (or Sorbas) now compete to be the most synchronised group to fire-off their rifles.
These displays of equestrian skill involving troupes from all over the country are huge crowd pleasers and also a way to raise a region's profile and bring in more business.
This festival has an economic benefit for the region as well as for the farmers. When they take part in this festival with their horses, their value increases according to their performances, says Mohamed Kharoussi, the director of the festival here in Bouznika.
The is the noble objective of this festival, he adds.
The festival has been named: Khayl Wa Khayr, a reference to the Prophet Muhammad, who is said to have praised the relationship between humans and horses.
In it's first year, in 2013, around 150,000 people visited Bouznika.
But this year, organisers have been hoping for more as 30 troupes of horsemen, around 700 horses and riders from all across the country, participate.
The Sorbas come from all corners of the country and are united by their devotion to the traditional craft and the adulation of their horses.
I have owned this horse for a while now. Sometimes, I don't eat myself to make sure I can buy him fodder. All this to preserve this heritage for future generations, says Abdallah Abni, who hails from the village of Sidi Yahya, about 100 miles to the northeast.
Those taking part are judged on their clothing and ornate saddles, as well as leading their horses to trot, canter and gallop shoulder to shoulder in a perfect line.
They are also assessed on how well they can stop their horses all at the same time and fire their weapons in unison.
Some of the rifle volleys bark with a single voice, while others are more ragged, with horses sometimes shying away and breaking the line.
For the troupes from Morocco's deep south, the Western Sahara, there is the added challenge of their own unique take on the tradition.
In the south of Morocco, horsemen fire their rifles at the ground. It is a difficult exercise because it requires a lot of concentration, explains Rachid Sarwah, who is from the Guelmim and is dressed in his traditional blue robes.
You have to take care not to harm your horse, fellow horsemen or the spectators.
The festival also provides a space for buying and selling horses and showcasing local products.
In 2008, the government established the Royal Complex for the Equestrian Arts and Tbourida to preserve the sport and the handicrafts that go with it.
Travellers in North Africa have talked about these displays since the 16th century, but it was famed French artist Eugene Delacroix who popularised them on canvas in 1832 and gave them the name fantasia, that has since stuck.
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The Ancient City of Tyre
This symposium explores on the ancient city of Tyre, founded in 2750 B.C. by the Phoenicians, who created an alphabet and the first democracy in the world with a parliament and senate elected directly by the citizens. Tyre is the legendary birthplace of Europa, the daughter of the King of Tyre, the namesake of Europe. The city and the civilization was left in ruins by Alexander the Great who went to war against the Tyreans.
For transcript and more information, visit
???? Bucharest, Romania ???? World Barber Shop Adventures
One of the best barbers in the world can be found in this barber shop in Bucharest, Romania. In my first visit, I received the best haircut and beard trim. This trip back to the barber shop, I get a neck shave with hot wet towels used. He makes sure my hair is perfect before I leave the chair.
EPISODE DETAILS:
Mr. Blade Barber Shop
Strada Ion Brezoianu 5,
București, Romania
Barber: CRISTIAN
Service: BEARD TRIM AND NECK SHAVE
**Suggested Products**
► Matt’s favorite SHAVING CREAM, RAZOR,
Highly rated CLIPPERS, STRAIGHT EDGED Razor, and much-needed BARBER POLE:
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????WORLD BARBER SHOP ADVENTURES SOCIAL MEDIA
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To understand why I love barber shops, the craft, the tradition, and why I decided to document my journeys around the world, please read my post that also describes why I think barber shops help build confidence, independence, and teach us how to be a gentleman.
Read the full details on our website:
Experiences over Things!
???? Matt’s Travel Blog and Advice ????
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ABOUT MATT & NIKKI JAVIT and PASSPORTJOY.COM
Matt & Nikki Javit are currently traveling the world full time with just a single backpack each after leaving the US in February 2017…
During their travels, they find creative ways to keep down their costs, get involved in the communities, and network with locals while having a great time.
They document their journeys on their blog and podcast at and Matt shows all of his time spent in Barber Shops around the world in the docuseries.
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© All video, photos, and audio are owned by me. Rights to all music in these videos have been paid for in full through the proper channels. If any producer or label has a question with any of the tracks please get in contact (matt@passportjoy.com) and it will be addressed. Thank you!
#barber #bucharest #razor
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Tunis | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tunis
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tunis (Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as Grand Tunis, has some 2,700,000 inhabitants.
Situated on a large Mediterranean Sea gulf (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Ḥalq il-Wād), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies its ancient medina, a World Heritage Site. East of the medina through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bhar and the Porte de France) begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, traversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by popular press and travel guides as the Tunisian Champs-Élysées), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. Further east by the sea lie the suburbs of Carthage, La Marsa, and Sidi Bou Said. As the capital city of the country, Tunis is the focus of Tunisian political and administrative life; it is also the centre of the country's commercial and cultural activities. It has two cultural centres, as well as a municipal theatre that is used by international theatre groups and a summer festival, the International Festival of Carthage, which is held in July.
Ferrari: Race to Immortality
No era in motor racing history was as glamorous or as deadly as the 1950s. And one figure will be forever linked with this golden era in motor racing: Enzo Ferrari. Founder of the Scuderia Ferrari racing team, Ferrari was a towering figure in the world of motorsport with an unmatched will to win. Ferrari’s fearless drivers shared his lust for victory, risking their lives in pursuit of racing immortality. Two members of Ferrari's decorated team, British racing heroes Mike Hawthorn and Peter Collins, pushed the limits of the sport while maintaining a close friendship off the track. This documentary recounts the immense highs and tragic lows of Ferrari's legendary drivers who lived large while risking it all. - ( Original Title - Ferrari: Race to Immortality )
The Way We Were
Set against the politicalism of pre-WWII and later McCarthyism, a diametrically opposed couple come together only to find that genuine friendship and physical attraction is not enough to overcome fundamental societal beliefs. The collapse of their relationship comes in tandem with her determination to speak to the House Un-American Acitvities Committee. © 1973, renewed 2001 Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Words at War: Ten Escape From Tojo / What To Do With Germany / Battles: Pearl Harbor To Coral Sea
The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from 4--8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the United States and Australia. The battle was the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first in which neither side's ships sighted or fired directly upon the other.
In an attempt to strengthen their defensive positioning for their empire in the South Pacific, Imperial Japanese forces decided to invade and occupy Port Moresby in New Guinea and Tulagi in the southeastern Solomon Islands. The plan to accomplish this, called Operation MO, involved several major units of Japan's Combined Fleet, including two fleet carriers and a light carrier to provide air cover for the invasion fleets, under the overall command of Shigeyoshi Inoue. The U.S. learned of the Japanese plan through signals intelligence and sent two United States Navy carrier task forces and a joint Australian-American cruiser force, under the overall command of American Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, to oppose the Japanese offensive.
On 3--4 May, Japanese forces successfully invaded and occupied Tulagi, although several of their supporting warships were surprised and sunk or damaged by aircraft from the U.S. fleet carrier Yorktown. Now aware of the presence of U.S. carriers in the area, the Japanese fleet carriers entered the Coral Sea with the intention of finding and destroying the Allied naval forces.
Beginning on 7 May, the carrier forces from the two sides exchanged airstrikes over two consecutive days. The first day, the U.S. sank the Japanese light carrier Shōhō, while the Japanese sank a U.S. destroyer and heavily damaged a fleet oiler (which was later scuttled). The next day, the Japanese fleet carrier Shōkaku was heavily damaged, the U.S. fleet carrier Lexington was critically damaged (and was scuttled as a result), and the Yorktown was damaged. With both sides having suffered heavy losses in aircraft and carriers damaged or sunk, the two fleets disengaged and retired from the battle area. Because of the loss of carrier air cover, Inoue recalled the Port Moresby invasion fleet, intending to try again later.
Although a tactical victory for the Japanese in terms of ships sunk, the battle would prove to be a strategic victory for the Allies for several reasons. Japanese expansion, seemingly unstoppable until then, was turned back for the first time. More importantly, the Japanese fleet carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku -- one damaged and the other with a depleted aircraft complement -- were unable to participate in the Battle of Midway, which took place the following month, ensuring a rough parity in aircraft between the two adversaries and contributing significantly to the U.S. victory in that battle. The severe losses in carriers at Midway prevented the Japanese from reattempting to invade Port Moresby from the ocean. Two months later, the Allies took advantage of Japan's resulting strategic vulnerability in the South Pacific and launched the Guadalcanal Campaign that, along with the New Guinea Campaign, eventually broke Japanese defenses in the South Pacific and was a significant contributing factor to Japan's ultimate defeat in World War II.
Calling All Cars: The September Killer / Hard to Kill / Noblesse Oblige
The radio show Calling All Cars hired LAPD radio dispacher Jesse Rosenquist to be the voice of the dispatcher. Rosenquist was already famous because home radios could tune into early police radio frequencies. As the first police radio dispatcher presented to the public ear, his was the voice that actors went to when called upon for a radio dispatcher role.
The iconic television series Dragnet, with LAPD Detective Joe Friday as the primary character, was the first major media representation of the department. Real LAPD operations inspired Jack Webb to create the series and close cooperation with department officers let him make it as realistic as possible, including authentic police equipment and sound recording on-site at the police station.
Due to Dragnet's popularity, LAPD Chief Parker became, after J. Edgar Hoover, the most well known and respected law enforcement official in the nation. In the 1960s, when the LAPD under Chief Thomas Reddin expanded its community relations division and began efforts to reach out to the African-American community, Dragnet followed suit with more emphasis on internal affairs and community policing than solving crimes, the show's previous mainstay.
Several prominent representations of the LAPD and its officers in television and film include Adam-12, Blue Streak, Blue Thunder, Boomtown, The Closer, Colors, Crash, Columbo, Dark Blue, Die Hard, End of Watch, Heat, Hollywood Homicide, Hunter, Internal Affairs, Jackie Brown, L.A. Confidential, Lakeview Terrace, Law & Order: Los Angeles, Life, Numb3rs, The Shield, Southland, Speed, Street Kings, SWAT, Training Day and the Lethal Weapon, Rush Hour and Terminator film series. The LAPD is also featured in the video games Midnight Club II, Midnight Club: Los Angeles, L.A. Noire and Call of Juarez: The Cartel.
The LAPD has also been the subject of numerous novels. Elizabeth Linington used the department as her backdrop in three different series written under three different names, perhaps the most popular being those novel featuring Det. Lt. Luis Mendoza, who was introduced in the Edgar-nominated Case Pending. Joseph Wambaugh, the son of a Pittsburgh policeman, spent fourteen years in the department, using his background to write novels with authentic fictional depictions of life in the LAPD. Wambaugh also created the Emmy-winning TV anthology series Police Story. Wambaugh was also a major influence on James Ellroy, who wrote several novels about the Department set during the 1940s and 1950s, the most famous of which are probably The Black Dahlia, fictionalizing the LAPD's most famous cold case, and L.A. Confidential, which was made into a film of the same name. Both the novel and the film chronicled mass-murder and corruption inside and outside the force during the Parker era. Critic Roger Ebert indicates that the film's characters (from the 1950s) represent the choices ahead for the LAPD: assisting Hollywood limelight, aggressive policing with relaxed ethics, and a straight arrow approach.
Tunis | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tunis
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Tunis (Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as Grand Tunis, has some 2,700,000 inhabitants.
Situated on a large Mediterranean Sea gulf (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Ḥalq il-Wād), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies its ancient medina, a World Heritage Site. East of the medina through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bhar and the Porte de France) begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, traversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by popular press and travel guides as the Tunisian Champs-Élysées), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. Further east by the sea lie the suburbs of Carthage, La Marsa, and Sidi Bou Said. As the capital city of the country, Tunis is the focus of Tunisian political and administrative life; it is also the centre of the country's commercial and cultural activities. It has two cultural centres, as well as a municipal theatre that is used by international theatre groups and a summer festival, the International Festival of Carthage, which is held in July.