GUANAJUATO
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
Guanajuato is the name of a state in Mexico and that state's capital city, as well as a river in the area. This article is about the state. For the city, see Guanajuato, Guanajuato; for the river, see Guanajuato River
State of Guanajuato
Flag
Coat of arms
Location within Mexico
Country Mexico
CapitalGuanajuato
Municipalities46
Largest CityLeón
Colonized1520s
Government
- GovernorJuan Manuel Oliva Ramirez (PAN)
- Federal DeputiesPAN: 14
- Federal SenatorsHumberto Andrade Quezada (PAN)
Luis Alberto Villarreal García (PAN)
Francisco Arroyo Vieyra (PRI)
Area
Ranked 22nd
- Total30,491 km2 (11,772.6 sq mi)
Population (2005)
- Total4,893,812 (Ranked 6th)
Time zoneCST (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)CDT (UTC-5)
HDI (2004)0.7662 - medium
Ranked 22nd
ISO 3166-2MX-GUA
Postal abbr.Gto.
WebsiteGuanajuato
Guanajuato is a state in the central highlands of Mexico. It is named after its capital city, Guanajuato, which comes from the local indigenous language, meaning Hill of Frogs.[1][2] Las Ranas (the frogs) is a nickname for people from this state as frogs are their state animal. Guanajuato is the home state of former president Vicente Fox, muralist Diego Rivera and singer-songwriter José Alfredo Jiménez, along with Jose Alfredo Jimenez, Guanajuato is home to singer Rogelio Garcia.
After central Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico coast, Guanajuato was one of the first areas of Mexico colonized by the Spanish, in the 1520s, for its rich silver deposits. Guanajuatos colonial architecture is very well preserved along with more than 35 old churches in its capital alone.
In addition to the state capital city of Guanajuato, the state includes the cities of San Luis de la Paz, Acámbaro, Celaya, León, Yuriria, Salamanca, Irapuato, San Miguel de Allende, Salvatierra—the first city of Guanajuato, Cortazar, Cueramaro,Tarimoro, and Dolores Hidalgo, the cradle of Mexican independence.
The first battle in Mexicos war for independence resulted in a march from Dolores Hidalgo upon the capital of the state and the subsequent burning of the granary which held all the Iberian-born Spaniards (approximately 500 men, women and children), by peasants of pure Amerindian or mixed (Mestizo) descent who had been put to work in very harsh conditions.
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
CAMERON MCGOWAN, CHELSEA LANDEROS, MARCUS JARRETT. BOULDER CREEK
V
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GUANAJUATO CAPITAL PLAZA DE LA PAZ
San Miguel Church Light Show
Campanadas al Más Allá
Es tradición en San Juan Chamula acudir a la Iglesia para llamar a las Almas de los seres queridos para la celebracón de Día de Muertos y hacerlo también una vez terminada la festividad para que sus almas partan en Paz.
Antigua Basílica de Guadalupe (Villa Vieja) México DF
Antigua Basílica de Guadalupe (La Villa vieja) en DF México restaurada y abierta al público, esta antigua basílica es la edificada por Fray Sumarraga (el entonces obispo al cual se le presentó el milagro guadalupano mostrado por San Juan Diego Cautlatuatzin (creo que así se escribe)
Dallas - City Video Guide
Dallas, Texas, is located along the Trinity River. The famous landmark of The Big D, as Dallas is often called, is the Reunion Tower.
The region's cattle herding history is captured in the Heritage Village and on central Pioneer Plaza. Another must-see is The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, which documents the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963. In the Arts District, the Dallas Museum of Art and the Nasher Sculpture Center are popular with visitors.
The Dallas Zoo is great for children and the Dallas World Aquarium also has a jungle walk with monkeys. Families will also love the interactive displays in the Perot Museum Of Nature And Science or the Six Flags Over Texas theme park in Arlington.
Many visitors head out to Southfork Ranch, the mansion out of the famous soap opera Dallas. Don't leave Dallas without tasting a Texas BBQ in Uptown, the nightlife district.
For more information visit
Mexico | Wikipedia audio article
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Mexico
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mexico (Spanish: México [ˈmexiko] (listen); Nahuatl languages: Mēxihco), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, listen ), is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi), the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million people, the country is the eleventh most populous state and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, a special federal entity that is also the capital city and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana.
Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of five cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (part of Mexico City), which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain. Three centuries later, the territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the colony's Mexican War of Independence. The post-independence period was tumultuous, characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) led to a territorial cession of the extant northern territories to the United States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, two empires, and the Porfiriato occurred in the 19th century. The Porfiriato was ended by the start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system as a federal, democratic republic.
Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States. In 1994, Mexico became the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. The country is considered both a regional power and a middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world for number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse country, ranking fourth in the world for its biodiversity. Mexico has many tourists: in 2016, it was the eighth most-visited country in the world, with 35 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, and the Pacific Alliance trade bloc.
Mexico | Wikipedia audio article
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Mexico
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language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Mexico (Spanish: México [ˈmexiko] ( listen); Nahuatl languages: Mēxihco), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, listen ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi), the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million people, the country is the eleventh most populous state and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, a special federal entity that is also the capital city and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana.
Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of five cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (part of Mexico City), which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain. Three centuries later, the territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the colony's Mexican War of Independence. The post-independence period was tumultuous, characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) led to a territorial cession of the extant northern territories to the United States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, two empires, and the Porfiriato occurred in the 19th century. The Porfiriato was ended by the start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system as a democratic republic.
Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States. In 1994, Mexico became the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. The country is considered both a regional power and a middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world for number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse country, ranking fourth in the world for its biodiversity. Mexico has many tourists: in 2016, it was the eighth most-visited country in the world, with 35 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, and the Pacific Alliance trade bloc.
Aztec | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:08:13 1 Definitions
00:14:50 2 History
00:14:59 2.1 Sources of knowledge
00:19:48 2.2 Central Mexico in the classic and postclassic
00:22:14 2.3 Mexica migration and foundation of Tenochtitlan
00:25:01 2.4 Early Mexica rulers
00:28:34 2.5 Early rulers of the Aztec Empire
00:28:45 2.5.1 Motecuzoma I Ilhuicamina
00:31:51 2.5.2 Axayacatl and Tizoc
00:34:57 2.5.3 Ahuitzotl
00:36:51 2.6 Final Aztec rulers and the Spanish conquest
00:42:11 3 Political and social organization
00:42:22 3.1 Nobles and commoners
00:44:47 3.2 Family and gender
00:46:55 3.3 iAltepetl/i and icalpolli/i
00:50:06 3.4 Triple Alliance and Aztec Empire
00:53:55 4 Economy
00:54:05 4.1 Agriculture and subsistence
00:57:16 4.2 Crafts and trades
00:58:40 4.3 Trade and distribution
01:01:28 4.4 Tribute
01:03:32 5 Urbanism
01:04:28 5.1 Tenochtitlan
01:07:14 5.1.1 The Great Temple
01:09:11 5.2 Other major city-states
01:10:28 6 Religion
01:11:13 6.1 Deities
01:13:53 6.2 Mythology and worldview
01:16:44 6.3 Calendar
01:19:38 6.4 Human sacrifice and cannibalism
01:24:11 7 Art and cultural production
01:25:11 7.1 Writing and iconography
01:28:20 7.2 Music, song and poetry
01:28:27 7.3 Ceramics
01:28:38 7.4 Painted art
01:30:56 7.5 Sculpture
01:31:05 7.6 Featherwork
01:33:38 8 Colonial period, 1521–1821
01:33:47 8.1 Population decline
01:36:56 8.2 Social and political continuity and change
01:37:05 9 Legacy
01:40:08 9.1 The Aztecs and national identity
01:40:17 9.2 Aztec history and international scholarship
01:42:55 9.3 Language and placenames
01:43:09 9.4 Cuisine
01:45:43 9.5 In popular culture
01:45:53 10 See also
01:48:12 11 Notes
01:48:24 12 References
01:52:53 13 Bibliography
01:53:03 14 Primary sources in English
01:54:18 15 External links
02:04:48 Aztec history and international scholarship
02:09:35 Language and placenames
02:10:59 Cuisine
02:12:22 In popular culture
02:15:07 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec peoples included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city-states (altepetl), some of which joined to form alliances, political confederations, or empires. The Aztec Empire was a confederation of three city-states established in 1427, Tenochtitlan, city-state of the Mexica or Tenochca; Texcoco; and Tlacopan, previously part of the Tepanec empire, whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, it is also broadly used to refer to Nahua polities or peoples of central Mexico in the prehispanic era, as well as the Spanish colonial era (1521–1821). The definitions of Aztec and Aztecs have long been the topic of scholarly discussion, ever since German scientist Alexander von Humboldt established its common usage in the early nineteenth century.Most ethnic groups of central Mexico in the post-classic period shared basic cultural traits of Mesoamerica, and so many of the traits that characterize Aztec culture cannot be said to be exclusive to the Aztecs. For the same reason, the notion of Aztec civilization is best understood as a particular horizon of a general Mesoamerican civilization. The culture of central Mexico includes maize cultivation, the social division between nobility (pipiltin) and commoners (macehualtin), a pantheon (featuring Tezcatlipoca, Tlaloc and Quetzalcoatl), and the calendric system of a xiuhpohualli of 365 days intercalated with a tonalpohualli of 260 days. Particular to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan was the patron God Huitzilopochtli, ...
Aztec | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Aztec
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec peoples included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city-states (altepetl), some of which joined to form alliances, political confederations, or empires. The Aztec empire was a confederation of three city-states established in 1427, Tenochtitlan, city-state of the Mexica or Tenochca; Texcoco; and Tlacopan, previously part of the Tepanec empire, whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, it is also broadly used to refer to Nahua polities or peoples of central Mexico in the prehispanic era, as well as the Spanish colonial era (1521–1821). The definitions of Aztec and Aztecs have long been the topic of scholarly discussion, ever since German scientist Alexander von Humboldt established its common usage in the early nineteenth century.Most ethnic groups of central Mexico in the post-classic period shared basic cultural traits of Mesoamerica, and so many of the traits that characterize Aztec culture cannot be said to be exclusive to the Aztecs. For the same reason, the notion of Aztec civilization is best understood as a particular horizon of a general Mesoamerican civilization. The culture of central Mexico includes maize cultivation, the social division between nobility (pipiltin) and commoners (macehualtin), a pantheon (featuring Tezcatlipoca, Tlaloc and Quetzalcoatl), and the calendric system of a xiuhpohualli of 365 days intercalated with a tonalpohualli of 260 days. Particular to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan was the patron God Huitzilopochtli, twin pyramids, and the ceramic ware known as Aztec I to IV.From the 13th century, the Valley of Mexico was the heart of dense population and the rise of city-states. The Mexica were late-comers to the Valley of Mexico, and founded the city-state of Tenochtitlan on unpromising islets in Lake Texcoco, later becoming the dominant power of the Aztec Triple Alliance or Aztec Empire. It was a tributary empire that expanded its political hegemony far beyond the Valley of Mexico, conquering other city states throughout Mesoamerica in the late post-classic period. It originated in 1427 as an alliance between the city-states Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan; these allied to defeat the Tepanec state of Azcapotzalco, which had previously dominated the Basin of Mexico. Soon Texcoco and Tlacopan were relegated to junior partnership in the alliance, with Tenochtitlan the dominant power. The empire extended its reach by a combination of trade and military conquest. It was never a true territorial empire controlling a territory by large military garrisons in conquered provinces, but rather dominated its client city-states primarily by installing friendly rulers in conquered territories, by constructing marriage alliances between the ruling dynasties, and by extending an imperial ideology to its client city-states. Client city-states paid tribute to the Aztec emperor, the Huey Tlatoani, in an economic strategy limiting communication and trade between outlying polities, making them dependent on the imperial center for the acquisition of luxury goods. The political clout of the empire reached far south into Mesoamerica conquering polities as far south as Chiapas and Guatemala and spanning Mesoamerica from the Pacific to the Atlantic oceans.
The empire reached its maximal extent in 1519, just prior to the arrival of a small group of Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés. Cortés allied with city-states opposed to the Mexica, particularly the Nahuatl-speaking Tlaxcalteca as well as other central Mexican polities, including Texcoco, its former ally in the Trip ...