Beatitudes, multiplication of loaves, Capernum
This video is about North district Israel
Israel, Beit Shean Roman city
Beit She'an - Beth Šəān, is a city in the North District of Israel which has played historically an important role due to its geographical location, at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley. It has also played an important role in modern times, acting as the regional center of the villages in the Beit She'an Valley.
The ancient city ruins are now protected within a national park, known as Bet She'an National Park.
A View of Sea of Galilee, Gamla Fall, and Daliot Wadi, from Gamla fortress in the Golan Heights -6
A View of Sea of Galilee, Gamla Fall, and Daliot Wadi, from Gamla fortress in the Golan Heights -6
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Josephus Flavius, Commander of Galilee during the Jewish Revolt against Rome, in 66 CE fortified Gamla as his main stronghold on the Golan.[5] Josephus gives a very detailed topographical description of the city and the steep ravines which precluded the need to build a wall around it. Only along the northern saddle, at the town's eastern extremity, was a 350 meters-long wall built. It was constructed by blocking gaps between existing houses and destroying houses that lay in its way.[6][7]
The Archaeological Evidence of the Revolt at Gamla
Danny Syon
Dedicated to the memory of Shmarya Gutmann (1909--1996).The siege and battle of Gamla are described in detail by Josephus (
War
IV: 1.1--83)
1
.Elsewhere (
Life
11, 24, 35, 37, 58--61, 71--72;
War
II, 20,6) Josephus tells of the prelude to these events: how Gamla was initially loyal to the Romans because it wasin the hands of Agrippa II; how it turned rebellious under the influence of the refugeesflowing in; how Josephus helped the inhabitants fortify the city and how Agrippa besieged it. He also tells of the skirmish between him and Sylla, general of Agrippa II,who tried to block the roads leading from Galilee to the Golan, and especially toGamla.Vespasian had two reasons for taking Gamla. First, Roman strategy called for theelimination of
all
resistance, no matter how remote or slight. Second, the Jews wereexpecting help from their brethren of the Babylonian Diaspora and militaryintervention from Parthia, even if the majority saw in this a messianic expectationrather than a realistic one (Rappaport 1989:375,377,378). The only district of Judaeaor Galilee with direct access to Parthia, with no hostile pagan cities blocking the way,was Jewish Gaulanitis and its capital, Gamla. Hence, its capture was of importance to Vespasian.
TilTul LinksYouWantToRemember
CIMG3383 View from Gamla of Sea of Galille Gamla Falls and Daliot Wadi -6
The Truth About the Masonic Lodge
The Masons, aka Shriners aka Freemasons.
Are they a harmless bunch of old guys on mini-bikes in fez hats who run hospitals? Not quite. In this video, Patrick Coffin gives a quick history of the Masonic Lodge, what they believe, and why Catholics cannot participate in their occultic organization.
Modern Freemasonry started in 1717 in England during the dawn of the Enlightenment. It’s a hodgepodge of new age Rosicrucianism, astrology, theosophy, and traditions of cultic groups such as the Druids, Mithars, Egyptian priesthood.
Freemasonry also involves the taking of occultic oaths, keeping the truth of Freemasonry a secret, indifferentism, and the subversion of the Church and the state. Members also open themselves to gruesome deaths if they reveal the inner secrets of “the Lodge.”
Popes since Clement XII in 1738 have said the same thing: Catholics cannot be Masons.
ROBERT DAVID STEELE: ON THE DEEP STATE & EVERYTHING ELSE #UNRIG
I interviewed Robert David Steele on Thursday, July 6, 2017. We talk about pedophilia, Trump, the deep state, 911, colonies on Mars and the moons of Saturn, underground bases and a host of other topics.
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Short Bio:
Robert David Steele is unique for being a former spy — the most published intelligence reformer in the English language — as well as the top Amazon reviewer for non-fiction, reading in 98 categories, and also recently nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. A long time manager of a global small business who has trained over 7,500 mid-career professionals from over 66 countries in open sources and methods of intelligence, his current passion is a non-profit educational company, Earth Intelligence Network (EIN). EIN has designed a World Brain construct and a PhD in Stewardship that emphasizes holistic analytics, true cost economics, and Open Source Everything Engineering (OSEE). This summer EIN is sponsoring #UNRIG, a 90-day national tour with Dr. Cynthia McKinney to educate voters on how they can take the power back across 435 Congressional Districts. Each District will soon have a #UNRIG MeetUp that could lead to forcing all 100 Senators and all 435 Representatives into passing the Election Reform Act of 2017 in September. If successful, Steele and McKinney envision the restoration of integrity to our government, to include a total commitment to evidence-based decision-making in the public interest. His motto is “the truth at any cost lowers all others costs.” Learn more about him at robertdavidsteele.com, and about the campaign at tinyurl.com/IndieGoGo-UNRIG. He blogs at phibetaiota.net.
KERRY CASSIDY
PROJECT CAMELOT
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Threshold Of Hope - 2017-12-19 -
The Bible in Public Life
A panel of scholars examined the Bible's influence on early American thinkers such as Thomas Paine, 19th-century African-American women, English translators of the text and writers using scriptural quotations in newspaper articles. As part of their discussion, the scholars will also highlight resources found in the archives of the Library of Congress.
Speaker Biography: Mark Noll is Francis A. McAnaney professor of history at the University of Notre Dame and author of In the Beginning Was the Word: The Bible in American Public Life, 1492-1783.
Speaker Biography: Valerie Cooper is associate professor of religion and society and black church studies at Duke Divinity School and author of Word, Like Fire: Maria Stewart, the Bible and the Rights of African Americans.
Speaker Biography: Paul Gutjahr is Ruth Halls professor of English at Indiana University and editor of the Oxford Handbook of the Bible in America.
Speaker Biography: Lincoln Mullen is assistant professor of History and Art History at George Mason University and author of the forthcoming book, America's Public Bible: Biblical Quotations in U.S. Newspapers.
For transcript and more information, visit
The Beatitudes
Beatitudes Series Introduction and First Beatitude
History of modern Christianity | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of modern Christianity
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The history of modern Christianity concerns the Christian religion from the end of the Early Modern era to the present day. The Early Modern history of Christianity is usually taken to begin with the Protestant Reformation c. 1517–1525 (usually rounded down to 1500) and ending in the late 18th century with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the events leading up to the French Revolution of 1789. This article only covers 1720 to the current date. For the early modern period, see the articles on the Protestant Reformation, the Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery.
Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, Christianity expanded throughout the world during the Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the world's largest religion. Christianity differs most significantly from the other religions in the claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son, but throughout its history, it has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches. The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Protestant churches. Following the Fall of Constantinople, Christianity followed two different paths: Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity.
The state of the American mind: Anti-intellectualism in America more than 25 years after Allan Bloom
Allan Bloom’s 1987 book “The Closing of the American Mind” examined a shift in American culture that threatened the fundamental tenets of American society, individualism, liberty, and democracy. Nearly 30 years later, the intellectual habits of Americans seem to have only further deteriorated.
“The State of the American Mind” (Templeton Press, June 2015), edited by Mark Bauerlein and Adam Bellow and featuring contributions from 16 distinguished researchers, draws on extensive research and expertise to demonstrate how far Americans have slipped into disengagement from civic affairs, entitlement mentality, narcissistic personalities, and timidity in the face of political correctness.
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The state of the American mind: Anti-intellectualism in America more than 25 years after Allan Bloom
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Seyed Hossein Mousavian- Resolving the crisis over Iran's nuclear program through diplomacy
The video features Seyed Hossein Mousavian, author of The Iranian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir. Seyed is Senior Adjunct Professorial Lecturer at Princeton University School of International Service and is a Research Scholar at the Program on Science and Global Security.
This video is part of a series of videos documenting the Conference for Peace on November 10th. 2013 at the Nassau Presbyterian Church Princeton, NJ Diplomacy, Not War with Iran, Sponsored by the Coalition for Peace Action and 60+ Co-Sponsors
Seyed Hossein Mousavian is a former diplomat who served as Iran's Ambassador to Germany (1990-1997), head of the Foreign Relations Committee of Iran's National Security Council (1997-2005) and as spokesman for Iran in its nuclear negotiations with the European Union (2003-5). He has taught at Islamic Azad University (Tehran), served as Vice President of Iran's official Center for Strategic Research (Tehran) and was the editor in chief of the Tehran Times. Mousavian earned a PhD in international relations from the University of Kent in the U.K. His research focuses on options for resolving the crisis over Iran's nuclear program through diplomacy and improving US-Iran relations.
Additional Conference Speakers were:
Ambassador Seyed Hossein Mousavian, Former Spokesperson for Iran in Nuclear Negotiations; Research Fellow, Program on Science & Global Security, Princeton University, author of the recently published book The Iranian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir.
Dr. Shibley Telhami, Anwar Sadat Chair of Peace and Development at the University of Maryland; senior fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East policy at the Brookings Institution; former Advisor to the US Mission to the UN
Dr. Frank von Hippel, Physicist & Professor of Public & International Affairs, Princeton University; Co-Chair of International Panel on Fissile Materials; former Assistant Director of White House Science Advisor's Office
Prof. Hillary Mann Leverett who brings 25 years of practical experience in U.S. foreign policy, area studies and conflict resolution to her courses
Additional Conference Speakers were:
Ambassador Andrew Young has served as the Mayor of Atlanta, GA, a Congressman from Georgia's 5thcongressional district, and United States Ambassador to the UN. He was a top lieutenant to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, and is also a United Church of Christ minister.
Dr. Shibley Telhami, Anwar Sadat Chair of Peace and Development at the University of Maryland; senior fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East policy at the Brookings Institution; former Advisor to the US Mission to the UN
Dr. Frank von Hippel, Physicist & Professor of Public & International Affairs, Princeton University; Co-Chair of International Panel on Fissile Materials; former Assistant Director of White House Science Advisor's Office
Ambassador Andrew Young has served as the Mayor of Atlanta, GA, a Congressman from Georgia's 5thcongressional district, and United States Ambassador to the UN. He was a top lieutenant to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, and is also a United Church of Christ minister.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe - Democracy: The God That Failed - Audiobook (Google WaveNet Voice)
The core of this book is a systematic treatment of the historic transformation of the West from monarchy to democracy.
Source: (PDF available)
Information about the book:
Music at the Beginning:
Bass Walker - Film Noir
Kevin MacLeod
Jazz & Blues | Funky
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Music at the end:
Sunday Stroll by Huma-Huma
Lesson 9: Independent Poland
The University of Haifa, The Research Project on the Galician and Bukovinian Jewry
Is proud to present an online course, open to the public:
The Jews of Galicia – a History, Given by Prof. Joshua Shanes
This course surveys the establishment, flourishing and destruction of the once vital Jewish community in Galicia from the 18th century to the Holocaust and its aftermath. It is given for credits to students of the University of Haifa. Here it is open to the general public and to those who are interested to know more of this most important and influential Jewish community, without getting grades or credits.
The course consists of 10 lessons starting with the birth of Galicia in the 18th century and ending with the destruction of the community during the Holocaust.
To learn more about the Research Project on the Galician and Bukovinian Jewry, please visit our website:
Russian Orthodox Church | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Russian Orthodox Church
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: Ру́сская правосла́вная це́рковь, tr. Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Моско́вский патриарха́т, tr. Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, since 15 October 2018 not in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. The Primate of the ROC is the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The ROC, as well as the primate thereof, officially ranks fifth in the Orthodox order of precedence, immediately below the four ancient Patriarchates of the Greek Orthodox Church, those of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The official Christianization of Kievan Rus' widely seen as the birth of the ROC is believed to have occurred in 988 through the baptism of the Kievan prince Vladimir and his people by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate whose constituent part the ROC remained for the next six centuries, while the Kievan see remained in the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate until 1686.
The ROC currently claims its exclusive jurisdiction over the Orthodox Christians, irrespective of their ethnic background, who reside in the former member republics of the Soviet Union, excluding Georgia and Armenia, although this claim is disputed in such countries as Estonia, Moldova and Ukraine and consequently parallel canonical Orthodox jurisdictions exist in those: Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and Metropolis of Bessarabia, respectively. It also exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the autonomous Church of Japan and the Orthodox Christians resident in the People's Republic of China. The ROC branches in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Ukraine since the 1990s enjoy various degrees of self-government, albeit short of the status of formal ecclesiastical autonomy. In Ukraine, ROC (represented by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church) has tensions with schismatic groups supported by the current government. The debate over recognition of the Orthodox church in Ukraine as autocephalous has caused tension between the Russian Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.The ROC should not be confused with the Orthodox Church in America (OCA), another autocephalous Orthodox Church (since 1970, albeit not universally recognised in this status), that traces its existence in North America to the time of the Russian missionaries in Alaska (then part of the Russian Empire) in the late 18th century, and still adheres to the ROC liturgical tradition.
The ROC should also not be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (also known as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, or ROCOR), headquartered in New York, New York, U.S.A. The ROCOR was instituted in the 1920s by Russian communities outside then Communist Russia, which refused to recognize the authority of the Moscow Patriarchate then de facto headed by Metropolitan Sergius Stragorodsky. The two Churches reconciled on May 17, 2007; the ROCOR is now a self-governing part of the Russian Orthodox Church.
History of modern Christianity | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:20 1 Western Christianity
00:01:30 1.1 The Reformation (1520–1641)
00:01:42 1.2 Age of Enlightenment (1640–1740)
00:02:14 1.2.1 Puritan movement
00:05:27 1.2.2 Roman Catholic missions
00:06:32 1.3 Revivalism (1720–1906)
00:07:03 1.3.1 Great Awakenings
00:08:45 1.3.2 French Revolution and worship of Reason
00:10:09 1.3.3 Restorationism
00:11:04 1.3.3.1 Latter Day Saints
00:14:04 1.4 Western Christianity since the 20th century
00:14:15 1.4.1 Fascism
00:15:03 1.4.2 Nazism
00:17:21 1.4.3 Ecumenism
00:18:01 1.4.3.1 Catholic ecumenism
00:19:52 1.4.3.2 Ecumenism within Protestantism
00:21:08 1.5 Trends in theology
00:21:18 1.5.1 Modernism and liberal Christianity
00:21:59 1.5.2 Fundamentalism
00:22:47 1.5.3 Second Vatican Council
00:23:27 2 Eastern Christianity
00:23:37 2.1 Russian Orthodoxy
00:24:21 2.2 Orthodoxy under Ottoman rule
00:28:20 2.2.1 Corruption
00:29:21 2.2.2 Devshirmeh
00:30:01 2.3 Eastern Orthodoxy since the 20th century
00:30:13 2.3.1 Russian Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire
00:31:27 2.3.2 Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet Union
00:36:37 2.3.3 Diaspora emigration to the West
00:37:29 3 See also
00:37:38 4 Notes
00:37:48 5 Print resources
00:38:56 6 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9218527761989989
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of modern Christianity concerns the Christian religion from the end of the Early Modern era to the present day. The Early Modern history of Christianity is usually taken to begin with the Protestant Reformation c. 1517–1525 (usually rounded down to 1500) and ending in the late 18th century with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the events leading up to the French Revolution of 1789. This article only covers 1720 to the current date. For the early modern period, see the articles on the Protestant Reformation, the Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery.
Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, Christianity expanded throughout the world during the Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the world's largest religion. Christianity differs most significantly from the other religions in the claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son, but throughout its history, it has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches. The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Protestant churches. Following the Fall of Constantinople, Christianity followed two different paths: Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity.
History of Christianity | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Christianity
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christendom, and the Church with its various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.
Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity spread to all of Europe in the Middle Ages. Since the Renaissance era, Christianity has expanded throughout the world and become the world's largest religion. Today there are more than two billion Christians worldwide.
Chaldean Catholic Church | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Chaldean Catholic Church
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
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In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Chaldean Catholic Church (Classical Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ, ʿīdtha kaldetha qāthuliqetha; Arabic: الكنيسة الكلدانية al-Kanīsa al-kaldāniyya; Latin: Ecclesia Chaldaeorum Catholica, lit. 'Catholic Church of the Chaldeans') is an Eastern Catholic particular church (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church, with the Chaldean Patriarchate having been originally formed out of the Church of the East in 1552. Employing the East Syriac Rite in Syriac language in its liturgy, it is part of Syriac Christianity by heritage. Headquartered in the Cathedral of Mary Mother of Sorrows, Baghdad, Iraq, since 1950, it is headed by the Catholicos-Patriarch Louis Raphaël I Sako. It comprises 640,828 members, mostly Chaldean Christians living in northern Iraq, with smaller numbers in adjacent areas in northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and northwestern Iran, a region roughly corresponding to ancient Assyria. There are also many Chaldeans in diaspora in the Western world.
The background of the Chaldean Catholic Church is the Chaldean Patriarchate of the Church of Assyria and Mosul, formed out of the Church of the East in 1552 by Patriarch Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa, recognised as of the Chaldeans by the Holy See in 1553. However, his successors in the 17th and 18th centuries provoked a time of turbulence, with splits of varying connections to the Papacy. More than one claimants to the Catholic patriarchal seat left the Catholic Church unable to recognise either. In one patriarchal line, hereditary status of the office was reintroduced and relations with Rome formally broken, with this line eventually forming the Assyrian Church of the East in 1692. Subsequently, however, the two then-remaining Catholic successors of the original patriarchal line unified in 1830 in Mosul, remaining in uninterrupted full communion with Rome until this day.
Despite being known as Chaldeans, their followers are generally accepted to be indigenous Eastern Aramaic-speaking Assyrian people, although a minority of Chaldeans (particularly in the United States) have in recent times began to espouse an identity from the land of Chaldea, extant in southeast Mesopotamia between the 9th and 6th centuries BC, despite there being no accredited academic study or historical record which supports this.In 2015, while the patriarchate of the Assyrian Church of the East was vacant following the death of Dinkha IV, the Chaldean Catholic Patriarch Louis Raphaël I Sako proposed a merger, or reunion, of the Chaldean Catholic Church with the other denominations that trace their origins to the Church of the East: the Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East, in order to recreate one united Church of the East with a single patriarch in full communion with the Pope. These efforts were stranded, however, when the Assyrian Church of the East decided to elect a new patriarch.
Jewish culture | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jewish culture
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people from the formation of the Jewish nation in biblical times through life in the diaspora and the modern state of Israel. Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, so that it has been called not only a religion, but an orthopraxy. Not all individuals or all cultural phenomena can be classified as either secular or religious, a distinction native to Enlightenment thinking.Jewish culture in its etymological meaning retains linkage to the Jewish people's land of origin, the people named for the Kingdom of Judah, study of Jewish texts, practice of community charity, and Jewish history. The term secular Jewish culture therefore refers to many aspects, including: Religion and World View, Literature, Media, and Cinema, Art and Architecture, Cuisine and Traditional Dress, attitudes to Gender, Marriage, and Family, Social Customs and Lifestyles, Music and Dance. Secular Judaism, is a distinct phenomenon related to Jewish secularization - a historical process of divesting all of these elements of culture from their religious beliefs and practices.Secular Judaism, derived from the philosophy of Moses Mendelssohn, arose out of the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment, which was itself driven by the values of the Enlightenment. In recent years, the academic field of study has encompassed Jewish Studies, History, Literature, Sociology, and Linguistics. Historian David Biale has traced the roots of Jewish secularism back to the pre-modern era. He, and other scholars highlight the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza, who was dubbed the renegade Jew who gave us modernity by scholar and novelist Rebecca Newberger Goldstein in an intellectual biography of him. Today, the subject of Jewish secularization is taught, and researched, at many North American and Israeli universities, including Harvard, Tel Aviv University, UCLA, Temple University and City University of New York which have significant Jewish alumni. Additionally, many schools include the academic study of Judaism and Jewish culture in their curricula.
Throughout history, in eras and places as diverse as the ancient Hellenic world, in Europe before and after the Age of Enlightenment, in Al-Andalus, North Africa and the Middle East, in India and China, and in the contemporary United States and Israel, Jewish communities have seen the development of cultural phenomena that are characteristically Jewish without being at all specifically religious. Some factors in this come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations in the diaspora, and others from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community, as opposed to religion itself. This phenomenon has led to considerably different variations of Jewish culture unique to their own communities.
Melbourne | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:19 1 History
00:04:28 1.1 Early history and foundation
00:09:12 1.2 Victorian gold rush
00:14:09 1.3 Land boom and bust
00:18:03 1.4 De facto Capital of Australia
00:18:59 1.5 Post-war period
00:23:47 1.6 Contemporary Melbourne
00:25:55 2 Geography
00:28:45 2.1 Climate
00:33:11 2.2 Environmental issues
00:38:14 3 Urban structure
00:42:49 3.1 Housing
00:44:16 4 Architecture
00:48:26 5 Culture
00:56:19 5.1 Sports
01:02:40 6 Economy
01:08:43 7 Demographics
01:13:26 7.1 Religion
01:15:57 8 Education
01:19:43 9 Media
01:24:12 10 Governance
01:25:50 11 Infrastructure
01:26:15 11.1 Health
01:28:06 11.2 Transport
01:37:47 11.3 Utilities
01:40:55 12 Crime
01:41:44 13 See also
01:42:01 13.1 Lists
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7150937144209051
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Melbourne ( (listen) MEL-bərn) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,992.5 km2 (3,858.1 sq mi), comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities, and is also the common name for its city centre. The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of approximately 5 million (19% of the population of Australia), and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians.The city was founded on 30 August 1835, in the then-British colony of New South Wales, by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemen’s Land (modern-day Tasmania). It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 and named in honour of the British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. In 1851, four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city, Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria. In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush, the city entered a lengthy boom period that, by the late 1880s, had transformed it into one of the world's largest and wealthiest metropolises. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927. Today, it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index.The city is home to many of the best-known cultural institutions in the nation, such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building. It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries and Australian contemporary dance. More recently, it has been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a global centre for street art, live music and theatre. It is the host city of annual international events such as the Australian Grand Prix, the Australian Open and the Melbourne Cup, and has also hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Due to it rating highly in entertainment, tourism and sport, as well as education, health care, research and development, the EIU currently ranks it the second most liveable city in the world.The main airport serving the city is Melbourne Airport (also referred to as Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and Australia's busiest seaport the Port of Melbourne. Its main metropolitan rail terminus is Flinders Street station and its main regional rail and road coach terminus is Southern Cross station. It also has the most extensive freeway network in Australia and the largest urban tram network in the world.
Melbourne | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:11 1 History
00:03:20 1.1 Early history and foundation
00:06:49 1.2 Victorian gold rush
00:10:29 1.3 Land boom and bust
00:13:19 1.4 De facto Capital of Australia
00:14:03 1.5 Post-war period
00:17:33 1.6 Contemporary Melbourne
00:19:09 2 Geography
00:21:16 2.1 Climate
00:24:32 2.2 Environmental issues
00:28:11 3 Urban structure
00:31:32 3.1 Housing
00:32:37 4 Architecture
00:35:32 5 Culture
00:41:16 5.1 Sports
00:45:56 6 Economy
00:50:24 7 Demographics
00:54:03 8 Education
00:56:47 9 Media
01:00:04 10 Religion
01:01:58 11 Governance
01:03:10 12 Infrastructure
01:03:31 12.1 Health
01:04:52 12.2 Transport
01:11:41 12.3 Utilities
01:13:57 13 Crime
01:14:28 14 Sister cities
01:14:56 15 See also
01:15:11 15.1 Lists
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SUMMARY
=======
Melbourne ( (listen) MEL-bən) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,992.5 km2 (3,858.1 sq mi), comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities, and is also the common name for its city centre. The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of approximately 5 million (19% of the population of Australia), and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians.The city was founded on 30 August 1835, in what was the British colony of New South Wales, by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemen’s Land. It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 and named in honour of the British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, after which it became the capital of the new colony of Victoria in 1851. In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush, the city entered the Marvellous Melbourne boom period, transforming into one of the most important cities in the British Empire and one of the largest and wealthiest in the world. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927. Today, it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 20th in the Global Financial Centres Index.The city is home to many of the best-known cultural institutions in the nation, such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building. It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries and Australian contemporary dance. More recently, it has been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a global centre for street art, live music and theatre. It is the host city of annual international events such as the Australian Grand Prix, the Australian Open and the Melbourne Cup, and has also hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Due to it rating highly in entertainment, tourism and sport, as well as education, health care, research and development, the EIU currently ranks it the second most liveable city in the world.The main airport serving the city is Melbourne Airport (also referred to as Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and Australia's busiest seaport the Port of Melbourne. Its main metropolitan rail terminus is Flinders Street station and its main regional rail and road coach terminus is Southern Cross station. It also has the most extensive freeway network in Australia and the largest urban tram network in the world.