The Great Migration: Searching for Freedom, Finding Injustice
April 10, 2019
Brennan Center for Justice
As part of the city-wide Carnegie Hall event series, Migrations: The Making of America, the Brennan Center hosted a wide-ranging conversation on the legacy of the Great Migration. Scholars Marcia Chatelain and Keneshia Grant joined the Brennan Center’s Theodore R. Johnson to discuss the mass movement of Southern blacks to Northern cities at the turn of the 20th century, and the ways in which this spurred seismic cultural, economic, and political changes that continue to reverberate today. How did this crucial period in American history shape the civil rights struggles of the 1950s and ’60s, as well as current efforts to advance voting rights and end mass incarceration?
Speakers:
• Marcia Chatelain, Associate Professor of History and African American Studies at Georgetown University; author of South Side Girls: Growing up in the Great Migration
• Keneshia Grant, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Howard University; author of the forthcoming Relocation & Realignment: How the Great Migration Changed the Face of the Democratic Party
• Theodore R. Johnson, Senior Fellow, Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law
Moderator:
• Mark Whitaker, author of Smoketown: The Untold Story of the Other Great Black Renaissance; former Editor of Newsweek; SVP of NBC News; Managing Editor of CNN Worldwide
German Americans | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:44 1 History
00:03:29 1.1 Colonial era
00:04:49 1.1.1 Palatines
00:06:49 1.1.2 Louisiana
00:08:47 1.1.3 Southeast
00:10:49 1.1.4 New England
00:11:23 1.1.5 Pennsylvania
00:13:54 1.2 American Revolution
00:14:53 1.3 19th century
00:16:09 1.3.1 Jews
00:17:09 1.3.2 Northeastern cities
00:17:25 1.3.3 Cities of the Midwest
00:19:08 1.3.4 Deep South
00:19:22 1.3.5 Texas
00:21:29 1.3.6 Germans from Russia
00:24:18 1.3.7 Civil War
00:25:53 1.3.8 Farmers
00:28:05 1.3.9 Politics
00:30:20 1.4 World Wars
00:30:28 1.4.1 Intellectuals
00:31:41 1.4.2 World War I anti-German sentiment
00:33:56 1.4.3 World War II
00:35:47 1.5 Contemporary period
00:37:35 2 Demographics
00:38:17 2.1 German-American communities
00:38:47 2.1.1 Communities with highest percentages of people of German ancestry
00:40:45 2.1.2 Large communities with high percentages of people of German ancestry
00:41:38 2.1.3 Communities with the most residents born in Germany
00:45:22 3 Counties by percentages of Germans
00:54:17 4 Culture
00:55:39 4.1 Music
00:58:24 4.2 Turners
00:59:31 4.3 Media
01:02:03 4.4 Athletics
01:02:55 4.5 Religion
01:06:27 4.6 Language
01:09:01 5 Assimilation
01:09:10 5.1 Introduction
01:09:29 5.2 The apparent disappearance of German American identity
01:22:22 5.3 Factors making German Americans susceptible to assimilation
01:31:32 5.4 Persistence of unassimilated German Americans
01:34:12 6 German-American influence
01:38:24 7 Education
01:38:55 8 Notable people
01:42:46 8.1 German-American presidents
01:43:32 9 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. With an estimated size of approximately 44 million in 2016, German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey. German-Americans account for about one third of the total ethnic German population in the world.None of the German states had American colonies. In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany. Between 1820 and 1870 over seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States. By 2010, their population grew to 49.8 million German Americans, reflecting a jump of 6 million people since 2000.
There is a German belt that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German-Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry.
They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Germany by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where Germania—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.German Americans established the first kindergartens in the United States, introduced the Christmas tree tradition, and introduced popular foods such as hot dogs and hamburgers to America.The great majority of people with some German ancestry have become Am ...
House of Assembly Proceedings - April 28, 2017
House of Assembly Proceedings - April 28, 2017
Proceedings Start: 21:16
Question Period: 1:15:28
Recess: 2:06:38
Resumption after recess: 3:30:26
Budget Response continuation: 3:31:29
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The Speaker of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly grants permission to record the televised proceedings of the Legislature for use in schools and for other purposes such as private study, research, review or newspaper summary.
Television and radio broadcasters may make use of recorded excerpts of the televised proceedings in their news or public affairs programs for the purpose of fair and accurate reports of proceedings.
Program material may not be used for political party advertising, election campaigns or any other politically partisan activity.
Program material may not be edited for use in promotional material by any political party or other organization and may not be used in any edited form that could mislead or misinform an audience or viewer, or which does not present a balanced portrayal of the proceedings in the House.
Program material may not be used in court, or before a tribunal or other body, for the purpose of questioning, commenting upon or making judgment upon the proceedings in the House.
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Video and audio material must not be used in any edited form, which has the tendency to mislead or misinform an audience or viewer; for greater certainty, in any manner that separates the video and audio elements, unless audio alone is requested, or which adds music or other sounds; or in election campaigns, promotional videos or any other politically partisan activity.
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Southern United States | Wikipedia audio article
The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America. It is located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Western United States, with the Midwestern United States and Northeastern United States to its north and the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico to its south.
The South does not fully match the geographic south of the United States but is commonly defined as including the states that fought for the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. The Deep South is fully located in the southeastern corner. Arizona and New Mexico, which are geographically in the southern part of the country, are rarely considered part, while West Virginia, which separated from Virginia in 1863, commonly is. Some scholars have proposed definitions of the South that do not coincide neatly with state boundaries. While the states of Delaware and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia, permitted slavery prior to the start of the Civil War, they remained with the Union. Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, they became more culturally, economically, and politically aligned with the industrial Northern states, and are often identified as part of the Mid-Atlantic or Northeast by many residents, businesses, public institutions, and private organizations,but the United States Census Bureau puts them in the South.
Usually, the South is defined as including the southeastern and south-central United States. The region is known for its culture and history, having developed its own customs, musical styles, and cuisines, which have distinguished it in some ways from the rest of the United States. The Southern ethnic heritage is diverse and includes strong European (mostly English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish, Irish, German, French, and Spanish American), African, and some Native American components.Some other aspects of the historical and cultural development of the South have been influenced by the institution of slave labor on plantations in the Deep South to an extent seen nowhere else in the United States; the presence of a large proportion of African Americans in the population; support for the doctrine of states' rights, and the legacy of racial tension magnified by the Civil War and Reconstruction Era, as seen in thousands of lynchings (mostly from 1880 to 1930), the segregated system of separate schools and public facilities known as Jim Crow laws, that lasted until the 1960s, and the widespread use of poll taxes and other methods to frequently deny black people of the right to vote or hold office until the 1960s. Since the late 1960s, black people have held many offices in Southern states, especially in the coastal states of Virginia and South Carolina. Many black people have also been elected or appointed as mayors and police chiefs in the metropolises of Charlotte, Birmingham, Richmond, Columbia, Memphis, Houston, Atlanta, Jacksonville, and New Orleans, and serve in both the U.S. Congress and state legislatures.Historically, the South relied heavily on agriculture, and was highly rural until after 1945. It has since become more industrialized and urban and has attracted national and international migrants. The American South is now among the fastest-growing areas in the United States. Houston is the largest city in the Southern United States. Sociological research indicates that Southern collective identity stems from political, demographic, and cultural distinctiveness from the rest of the United States. The region contains almost all of the Bible Belt, an area of high Protestant church attendance (especially evangelical churches such as the Southern Baptist Convention) and predominantly conservative, religion-influenced politics. Indeed, studies have shown that Southerners are more conservative than non-Southerners in several areas, including religion, morality, international relations, and race relations. This is evident in both the region's religious attendance figures and in the region's usually strong support for the Republican Party in political elections since the 1960s, and especially since the 1990s.Apart from its climate, the living experience in the South increasingly resembles the rest of the nation. The arrival of millions of Northerners (especially in major metropolitan areas and coastal areas) and millions of Hispanics has meant the introduction of cultural values and social norms not rooted in Southern traditions. Observers conclude that collective identity and Southern distinctiveness are thus declining, particularly when defined against an earlier South that was somehow more authentic, real, more unified and distinct. The process has worked both ways, however, with aspects of Southern culture spreading throughout a greater portion of the rest of the United States in a process termed Southernization.
Hispanic and Latino Americans | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hispanic and Latino Americans
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Hispanic Americans and Latino Americans (Spanish: Estadounidenses hispanos, pronounced [isˈpanos]) are people in the United States who are descendants of people from countries of Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. The United States has the largest population of Latinos and Hispanics outside of Latin America. More generally, it includes all persons in the United States who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino, whether of full or partial ancestry. For the 2010 United States Census, people counted as Hispanic or Latino were those who identified as one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the census questionnaire (Mexican, Puerto Rican or Cuban) as well as those who indicated that they were other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. The national origins classified as Hispanic or Latino by the United States Census Bureau are the following: Argentine, Cuban, Colombian, Puerto Rican, Spaniards, Dominican, Mexican, Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Panamanian, Salvadoran, Bolivian, Spanish, Chilean, Ecuadorian, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Uruguayan, and Venezuelan. Other U.S. government agencies have slightly different definitions of the term, including Brazilians and other Portuguese-speaking groups. The Census Bureau uses the terms Hispanic and Latino interchangeably.Origin can be viewed as the ancestry, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify as Spanish, Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As the only specifically designated category of ethnicity in the United States (other than non-Hispanic/Latino), Hispanics form a pan-ethnicity incorporating a diversity of inter-related cultural and linguistic heritages. Most Hispanic Americans are of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Salvadoran, Dominican, Guatemalan, or Colombian origin. The predominant origin of regional Hispanic populations varies widely in different locations across the country.Hispanic Americans are the second fastest-growing ethnic group by percentage growth in the United States after Asian Americans. Hispanic/Latinos overall are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, after non-Hispanic whites (a group which, like Hispanics and Latinos, is composed of dozens of sub-groups of differing national origin).Hispanics have lived within what is now the United States continuously since the founding of St. Augustine by the Spanish in 1565. After Native Americans, Hispanics are the oldest ethnic group to inhabit much of what is today the United States. Many have Native American ancestry. Spain colonized large areas of what is today the American Southwest and West Coast, as well as Florida. Its holdings included present-day California, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona and Texas, all of which were part of the Republic of Mexico from its independence in 1821 until the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. Conversely, Hispanic immigrants to the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area derive from a broad spectrum of Latin American states.A study published in 2015 in the American Journal of Human Genetics, based on 23andMe data from 8,663 self-described Latinos, estimated that Latinos in the United States carried a mean of 65.1% European ancestry, 18.0% Native American ancestry, and 6.2% African ancestry. The study found that self-described Latinos from the Southwest, especially those along the Mexican border, had the highest mean levels of Native American ancestry.
Oct. 26, 2017 - House of Assembly Proceedings
Proceedings start: 0:21:41
Question Period: 1:14:42
Government Business: 2:05:05
Royal Assent: 6:05:30
Guidelines for Use:
The Speaker of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly grants permission to record the televised proceedings of the Legislature for use in schools and for other purposes such as private study, research, review or newspaper summary.
Television and radio broadcasters may make use of recorded excerpts of the televised proceedings in their news or public affairs programs for the purpose of fair and accurate reports of proceedings.
Program material may not be used for political party advertising, election campaigns or any other politically partisan activity.
Program material may not be edited for use in promotional material by any political party or other organization and may not be used in any edited form that could mislead or misinform an audience or viewer, or which does not present a balanced portrayal of the proceedings in the House.
Program material may not be used in court, or before a tribunal or other body, for the purpose of questioning, commenting upon or making judgment upon the proceedings in the House.
Video program material may only be used with its original audio component and no other audio material may be added to video material used.
Video and audio material must not be used in any edited form, which has the tendency to mislead or misinform an audience or viewer; for greater certainty, in any manner that separates the video and audio elements, unless audio alone is requested, or which adds music or other sounds; or in election campaigns, promotional videos or any other politically partisan activity.
Any other commercial use or rebroadcast of these proceedings requires the express written approval of the Speaker.
Southern United States | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Southern United States
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America. It is located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Western United States, with the Midwestern United States and Northeastern United States to its north and the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico to its south.
The South does not fully match the geographic south of the United States but is commonly defined as including the states that fought for the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. The Deep South is fully located in the southeastern corner. Arizona and New Mexico, which are geographically in the southern part of the country, are rarely considered part, while West Virginia, which separated from Virginia in 1863, commonly is. Some scholars have proposed definitions of the South that do not coincide neatly with state boundaries. While the states of Delaware and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia, permitted slavery prior to the start of the Civil War, they remained with the Union. Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, they became more culturally, economically, and politically aligned with the industrial Northern states, and are often identified as part of the Mid-Atlantic or Northeast by many residents, businesses, public institutions, and private organizations,but the United States Census Bureau puts them in the South.
Usually, the South is defined as including the southeastern and south-central United States. The region is known for its culture and history, having developed its own customs, musical styles, and cuisines, which have distinguished it in some ways from the rest of the United States. The Southern ethnic heritage is diverse and includes strong European (mostly English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish, Irish, German, French, and Spanish American), African, and some Native American components.Some other aspects of the historical and cultural development of the South have been influenced by the institution of slave labor on plantations in the Deep South to an extent seen nowhere else in the United States; the presence of a large proportion of African Americans in the population; support for the doctrine of states' rights, and the legacy of racial tension magnified by the Civil War and Reconstruction Era, as seen in thousands of lynchings (mostly from 1880 to 1930), the segregated system of separate schools and public facilities known as Jim Crow laws, that lasted until the 1960s, and the widespread use of poll taxes and other methods to frequently deny black people of the right to vote or hold office until the 1960s. Since the late 1960s, black people have held many offices in Southern states, especially in the coastal states of Virginia and South Carolina. Many black people have also been elected or appointed as mayors and police chiefs in the metropolises of Charlotte, Birmingham, Richmond, Columbia, Memphis, Houston, Atlanta, Jacksonville, and New Orleans, and serve in both the U.S. Congress and state legislatures.Historically, the South relied heavily on agriculture, and was highly rural until after 1945. It has since become more industrialized and urban and has attracted national and international migrants. The American South is now among the fastest-growing areas in the United States. Houston is the largest city in the Southern United States. Sociological research indicates that Southern collective identity stems from political, demographic, and cultural distinctiveness from the rest of the United States. The region contains almost all of the Bible Belt, an area of high Protestant church attendance (especially evangelical churches such as the Southern Baptist Convention) and predominantly conservative, religion-influenced politics. Indeed, studies have shown that Southerners are more conservative than non-Southerners in several areas, including religion, morality, international relations, and race relations. This is ...