Museu Naval
A câmera do Conhecendo Museus viaja até o Rio de Janeiro e mostra que a cidade, além de belas praias, também possui outro ótimo meio de lazer: Os museus, que preservam a história do país. E o visitado da vez é o Museu Naval, cujo acervo conta ao público a história marítima brasileira, desde 1500 até os dias atuais.
O museu faz parte do Complexo Cultural da Marinha, no Rio de Janeiro, juntamente com a Ilha Fiscal, o Espaço Cultural, o Navio-Museu Bauru, o Submarino-Museu Riachuelo e o Rebocador Laurindo Pitta. O Espaço apresenta a exposição permanente O Poder Naval na Formação do Brasil, que destaca a participação do Poder Naval na História do Brasil, o descobrimento, a colonização e a maioria das invasões e ameaças que vieram do mar, popularizando a importância da história naval do país, ainda tão pouco conhecida.
A câmera do programa passeia pelo Pátio das Armas, onde um móbile Aves dos Mares do Brasil, com 52 pássaros, idealizado para ocupar o vão central do prédio de três andares, chama atenção por sua beleza.
Diversos objetos importantes fazem parte do acervo exposto: modelos navais (maquetes de navios), obras de arte, canhões resgatados de navios naufragados, figuras de proa, medalhas, entre outros objetos. Tudo isso está exposto através dos fatos históricos, numa linguagem e contexto contemporâneos, empregando-se também recursos interativos de som e imagem. Você conhecerá tudo isso no programa, basta embarcar no Conhecendo Museus.
O conhecendo museus já teve 15 documentários produzidos em sua primeira temporada, todos entre Minas, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Agora, são 52 episódios de 26 minutos cada, com produção assinada pelo Instituto Brasieliro de Museus (Ibram/MinC), Empresa Brasileira de Comunicação (EBC), TV Escola (MEC) e Fundação José de Paiva Netto.
A Inquisição no Brasil - Dra. Anita Novinsky
A Inquisição no Brasil - Dra. Anita Novinsky
UMA HISTÓRIA NÃO CONTADA NOS LIVROS. MAS POR QUÊ?
O Brasil precisa conhecer um outro lado da história do descobrimento que ainda não foi contada.Afinal, o Brasil foi descoberto em pleno período da Inquisição que em nosso país durou mais de três séculos, ou seja, podemos dizer séculos de intolerância, de crueldade e violência com aqueles que foram inquiridos, processados, condenados e executados nas fogueiras da Inquisição em Lisboa, Évora e Coimbra. É interessante investigar que das treze naus que compunham a esquadra de Pedro Álvares Cabral, onze delas eram comandadas pelos capitães que apresentavam nomes de Cristãos-Novos (nome dado aos judeus que foram obrigados à conversão forçada ao catolicismo), como Simão de Pina, Simão de Miranda de Azevedo, Sancho de Tovar, Nicolau Coelho, Aires Gomes da Silva, Gaspar de Lemos que era um judeu de origem polonesa e outros. Seria uma coincidência? Na terra natal de Cabral, Belmonte, existiu uma grande colônia judaica, e sabe-se que o descobridor do Brasil tinha descendência de judeus conversos ao cristianismo.
Poucos sabem que Fernando de Noronha era descendente de cristãos-novos. Era rico e amigo do Rei de Portugal, Dom Manoel, que aqui chegou com um grande contingente de cristãos-novos para plantar cana-de-açucar e algodão no nordeste brasileiro para enriquecimento do reino português.No domínio holandês no Brasil, muitos judeus holandeses de origem portuguesa vieram para Recife, onde fundaram duas sinagogas, a Zur Israel e a Maguem Abraham, as primeiras sinagogas das Américas. Muitos desses judeus foram após a expulsão dos holandês do Brasil para o Caribe e para a Nova Amsterdã, hoje conhecida como Nova Iorque.
Logo após o período holandês, se inicia nas Minas Gerais o ciclo do ouro. Atraídos por essa imensa riqueza mineral, ouro, diamantes e pedras preciosas, os cristãos-novos portugueses e do nordeste brasileiro vieram para a terra das Alterosas. Muitos saíram daqui com destino às fogueiras da Inquisição em Lisboa, pois aqui foram inquiridos, processados e em Lisboa condenados e executados. Dentre eles, podemos ver seus sobrenomes bem brasileiros, como os Cardoso, Miranda, Nunes, Silva, Pereira, Pinto, Azevedo e muitos outros.
Devido a este fato relevante, o primeiro Museu da História da Inquisição dedicou uma sala especial à história do Ciclo do Ouro em Minas Gerais e Brasil e a presença judaica no nordeste brasileiro.
Historiadores renomados como Dra. Anita Novinsky, Dra. Neusa Fernandes e outros afirmam que o Brasil hoje contém a maior população de descendentes de cristãos-novos (também como “Marrranos” ou Anussim) do mundo, alcançando com certeza mais de 10% da população brasileira e, até mesmo 20%, para alguns historiadores.
The Battle of Itaparica on September 28th, 1648
On December 2012, a joint team composed of the Netherlands (Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency), the United States (Texas A&M University), and Brazil (the Museum of Archaeology and Etnology at University of Bahia) carried out an expedition on the 17th century Dutch shipwreck off the coast of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.The project was directed by Brazilian Ph.D student of the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University, Rodrigo de Oliveira Torres.
(LIBRARY RESEARCH)
THE BATTLE OF ITAPARICA (September 28th, 1648)
Translated by Jens Affeld (from Portuguese to English) and Siaska Castro (from Dutch to English)
Interpreted by Rodrigo Torres, Jens Affeld, and Kotaro Yamafune
Animation by Kotaro Yamafune
Initial Situation:
Salvador do Bahia (=Bahia) was under the command of the experienced admiral and former Portuguese vice-king of Goa, Antonio Teles de Menezes. The Dutch had declared Bahia to be under a Dutch blockade. There were several Portuguese warships in Bahia still from the Armada de Socorro, but they had not been out to sea for long when the Dutch admiral DeWhit was eager to meet and fight them. His opponent Teles de Menezes was under orders to avoid a battle and therefore wanted to keep his warships in port. That this time, single Dutch corsair raid vessels were regulalrly praying on the Portuguese trade vessels off the coast of Salvador.
On the 18th of September, the Dutch High Council ordered admiral De With to sail with a force of seven Dutch ships to Bahia in order to search for the Portuguese ships. ... He sailed on the 22nd of September on BREDERODE, taking along the ships HUYS VAN NASSAU (under Gillissen), WAPEN VAN NASSAU (under De Zeeuw), UTRECHT (under Cort), OVERIJSSEL (under Schut), HAERLEN (under Toelast) and ZUTHPHEN (under Verveen).
De With divided his force into 2 forces: whilst he sailed with 3 more ships along the coast, Gillissen sailed with 3 other ships out on the sea, all heading for the Barra of Bahia. On the 28th of September, towards noon, they arrived at about one Dutch league (=4nm today) off the mouth of Baia dos Todos os Santos. From this position, they could see 2 large Portuguese ships coming from the High Sea.
This was the squadron under the command of of Francisco Brandao Pereira, constututed by the Galeao SAO BARTOLOMEU and the nau NOSSA SENHORA DO ROSARIO = ROSARIO) commanded by Frei Pedro Carneiro of the order of Malta.
Pereira, realizing the approach of the Dutch forces of De With, sought immediately to withdraw to the port, but the lack of wind delayed the navigation. At noon, as forseen, he tried to speed to the mouth of Barra. In the meantime, the wind from the north-east which made his navigation difficult, at the same time favoured De With's squadron which had the wind at their stern (from behind). Therefore a race developed in which the admiral and his captains tried to cut off the course of the 2 Portuguese commanders.
About 3 PM when the ships were within shooting-range, De With turned into the same course as the Portuguese, seeking to board the ROSARIO which was the leader of the 2 Portuguese ships. Using the higher speed of the BRODERODE, he overtook the SAO BARTHOLOMEU, exchanging cannon fire on her broadside and seeking the ROSARIO, shooting also at her and trying to board her. To escape, Carneiro (=the ROSARIO) turned to the portside (left), by getting the wind from his stern (from behind). The BRODERODE did the same; however, her turning circle was wider than that of the ROSARIO, which resulted in her (=the BRODERODE) being in the lee of the ROSARIO and shortly after she (=the BREDERODE) had some of her sails and rigging entangled with the bowsprit of the ROSARIO which scratched the BRODERODE on portside. Despite being entangled the ROSARIO, escaped a boarding.
After this failure and letting loose of the rigging the BRODERODE wanted to go towards the broadside of his opponent, manouvred in order to board him. In the meantime the WAPPEN VAN NASSAU got in his way, cutting him off, as De Zeuw tried the same, inflicting the naval precedences of the time, for which he was later called a thief of honour. The two ships (BREDERODE and WAPPEN VAN NASSAU) got entangled which prevented the BREDERODE from boarding the ROSARIO.
When De With finally managed to free himself from the entangling, he saw that the ROSARIO, just a musket-shot away, was already in other hands: It was boarded by his two subordinates, Gillissen and Cort (= by HUYS VAN NASSAU and UTRECHT). A little later, stunned, he saw the ROSARIO blown up, taking the UTRECHT with her and leaving the HUYS VAN NASSAU in a bad stage. The HUYS VAN NASSAU was still afloat, but demasted and taking in water. ... she drifted to the shore.
Whilst this was happening, the SAO BARTOLOMEU was boarded by the OVERIJSSEL of Captain Jan Lucasz Schut. After a hard fight of man-to-man combat, theSao BARTOLOMEU was taken.
How does winter looks like in Lisbon, Portugal. Walk on the Tagus river shore - 29/12/2019 [4K]
Walk from Praça do Comércio (also known as Terreiro do Paço), through Ribeira das Naus, up to Cais do Sodré.
29th of December, the end of the year... But in Lisbon everyone goes out to enjoy sunny and warm day. Unusual, for the rest of the Europe, way of spending last Sunday of the year - sunbathe on the stunning river shore in downtown of Lisbon, when the grass actually started to become green.
Lisbon - safest European capital, in the country with most sunlight hours in the year. This combination is the perfect mix - you enjoy every single day of the year.
Correction: at the end of the movie, the district mentioned there is not Alfama, but Chiado, sorry for this mistake!
----
The Praça do Comércio is located in the city of Lisbon, Portugal. Situated near the Tagus river, the square is still commonly known as Terreiro do Paço (English: Palace Yard), because it was the location of the Paços da Ribeira (Royal Ribeira Palace) until it was destroyed by the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake. After the earthquake, the square was completely remodeled as part of the rebuilding of the Pombaline Downtown, ordered by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, who was the Minister of the Kingdom of Portugal from 1750 to 1777, during the reign of Dom José I, King of Portugal.
Source & more information:
----
Ribeira das Naus - area on the Tagus river shore between Praça do Comércio and Cais do Sodré was where many of the Portuguese explorers' ships were built. Went renovation in year 2003 became large promenade and must-see place for everyone: both tourists and residents.
---
First of monuments seen on the movie:
The Sanctuary of Christ the King (Portuguese: Santuário de Cristo Rei) is a Catholic monument and shrine dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ overlooking the city of Lisbon situated in Almada, in Portugal. It was inspired by the Christ the Redeemer statue of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, after the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon visited that monument. The project was inaugurated on 17 May 1959, while Portugal was ruled by the authoritarian President of the Council of Ministers António de Oliveira Salazar who gave his final permission for the project. The giant statue in cement was erected to express gratitude because the Portuguese were spared the effects of World War II.
Source & more information:
---
Second of monuments seen on the movie:
The 25 de Abril Bridge (Portuguese: Ponte 25 de Abril, 25th of April Bridge) is a suspension bridge connecting the city of Lisbon, capital of Portugal, to the municipality of Almada on the left (south) bank of the Tagus river. It was inaugurated on August 6, 1966. It is often compared to the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, US, because they are both suspension bridges of similar color. It was built by the American Bridge Company which constructed the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, but not the Golden Gate. With a total length of 2,277 metres (7,470 ft), it is the 38th largest suspension bridge in the world. After the Carnation Revolution which overthrew the remnants of Salazar's dictatorship, the bridge was renamed for April 25, the date of the revolution.
Source & more information:
-----
Music: Alpha Hydrae - Keratine, rust and a clear soul
Minha Nau Santa Maria
A Nau Santa Maria, anteriormente chamada de La Gallega, era uma nau do tipo carraca, considerada como uma embarcação pesada. Era a capitânia do Almirante Cristóvão Colombo na viagem em que partindo das Ilhas Canárias, navegando para Oeste pelo Oceano Atlântico, veio a descobrir o continente americano no ano de 1492.
A Nau era de propriedade do mestre Juan de La Costa, morador das vizinhanças do porto de Palo de la Frontera e que a pilotou nesta viagem.
Ílhavo Num Minuto - Cais dos Bacalhoeiros sob um olhar brasileiro
O projeto “Ílhavo – Diversidade Num Minuto” apresenta o Município de Ílhavo sob o olhar de alguns membros da comunidade imigrante residente, que, na sua língua materna, mostram aos seus conterrâneos o melhor do concelho e os locais mais representativos, convidando a visitar.
Vasco da Gama
Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvaʃku ðɐ ˈɣɐmɐ]) (c. 1460s -- 23 December 1524) was a Portuguese explorer. He is one of the most famous and celebrated explorers from the Age of Discovery, being the first European to reach India by sea. This discovery was significant and paved the way for the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia. The route meant that the Portuguese would not need to cross the highly disputed Mediterranean nor the dangerous Arabian Peninsula, and that the whole voyage would be made by sea.
After decades of sailors trying to reach India with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks and attacks, Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498. Reaching the legendary Indian spice routes unopposed helped the Portuguese Empire improve its economy that, until Gama, was mainly based on trades along Northern and coastal West Africa. These spices were mostly pepper and cinnamon at first, but soon included other products, all new to Europe which led to a commercial monopoly for several decades.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video