Fort Churchill State Historic Park
Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, USA, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s.
Fort Churchill Part 1 On Holy Ground
This cemetery once served the soldiers who were involved with the Pyramid Lake War and those who were peacekeepers of the Pony Express. Most of the graves would be relocated and transferred to Lone Mountain Cemetery. Meanwhile the Buckland family choose to have there family buried within this secluded burial ground. Just up the road from this cemetery is Buckland Station which served not only the soldiers but those emigrants passing through on the California trail. In this clip I share urban legends and myths surrounding this place of the dearly departed. Also notice at around 1:06 seconds you can hear what sounds like a ghostly dog barking really close to the recorder. Our recorders only pick up sound within 10' so we do think this is an actual EVP of a ghostly dog.
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Henderson is famous for the Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, USA, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s. A 1994 addition forms a corridor along the Carson River. The park is in Lyon County south of the town of Silver Springs. Fort Churchill is one of seven National Historic Landmarks in Nevada. The site is one end of the historic Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road. It is located on U.S. Route 95 Alternate, 8 miles (13 km) south of U.S. Route 50.
In 1988, the PEPCON rocket fuel factory became engulfed in fire. Smoke was seen from 100 miles away, and two major blasts measured 3.0 and 3.5, respectively, on the Richter scale at observatories in California and Colorado. Investigators surveying the damage in the surrounding communities estimated the blast as similar to a 1-kiloton airblast nuclear detonation. Two people were killed. The explosion spurred the development of Henderson from industrial to the largely residential area it is today. There are no signs of the Pepcon explosion today, and the site now consists mostly of office buildings.
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HVAC (stands for Heating, Vventilation and Air Cconditioning) equipment needs a control system to regulate the operation of a heating and/or air conditioning system. Usually a sensing device is used to compare the actual state (e.g. temperature) with a target state. Then the control system draws a conclusion what action has to be taken (e.g. start the blower). Trane furnaces are reliable, quiet and guaranteed to make those cold winter months a little more enjoyable. Trane Modulating Furnace provides optimum heat faster than time- or history-based modulation. Set the temperature, and let the Trane keep it right where you want it. Compared to a conventional furnace, the Trane modulating furnace is more adaptable to changing conditions in your home. A modulating furnace is a new approach to heating your home that allows more efficient use of fuel, and more consistent comfort. Your HVAC system plays an important role in your home comfort, and you want it to operate at maximum efficiency. That’s why you shouldn’t settle for lackluster service. At Sun Country Heating & Cooling, we offer a range of HVAC services that will ensure your comfort needs are taken care of. From air conditioning repairs to heating installations, we perform our HVAC services with quality in mind. Trane began with our founder, James Trane, a Norwegian immigrant who opened his own plumbing shop in La Crosse, WI, in 1885. James Trane invented a new low-pressure heating system he proudly called the Trane Vapor Heating System. His son, Reuben, was just back from college with a degree in mechanical engineering, so father and son began manufacturing operations in 1910 and incorporated as The Trane Company in 1913. Trane today has more than 680 engineers certified as Accredited Professionals under the U.S. Trane systems and services have leading positions in premium commercial, residential, institutional and industrial markets; a reputation for reliability, high quality and product innovation; and a powerful distribution network.
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The Finance and Insurance sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in financial transactions (transactions involving the creation, liquidation, or change in ownership of financial assets) and/or in facilitating financial transactions. The subsectors, industry groups, and industries within the NAICS Finance and Insurance sector are defined on the basis of their unique production processes. As with all industries, the production processes are distinguished by their use of specialized human resources and specialized physical capital. In addition, the way in which these establishments acquire and allocate financial capital, their source of funds, and the use of those funds provides a third basis for distinguishing characteristics of the production process.
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Let Better Qualified help you Build, Manage, and Monitor your credit. Building consumer credit has never been easier. Credit score is an important part in building and managing consumer credit.Credit score represents the creditworthiness of an individual. Better Qualified provides the clients better credit analysis that is designed to educate clients on their credit and determine what steps need to be taken to obtain their desired score. Better Qualified looks over the client’s credit report with client providing better credit scores. Better Qualified has teamed up with the affiliates to help the clients build their credit risk free. Is your bad credit holding you back from getting approved for credit cards, personal loans, student loans, auto loans, or the mortgage of your dream home? Are you struggling to make payments, getting denied loans, or even worried that your poor credit may prevent you from getting a job? We, at Better Qualified know how important it is to have the best credit possible. Better Qualified is here to help you achieve your optimal credit profile by making the credit repair process convenient, personal, and effective. Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, USA, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s. A 1994 addition forms a corridor along the Carson River. The park is in Lyon County south of the town of Silver Springs. Fort Churchill is one of seven National Historic Landmarks in Nevada. The site is one end of the historic Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road. It is located on U.S. Route 95 Alternate, 8 miles (13 km) south of U.S. Route 50. Better Qualified is an industry leading credit restoration and identity theft protection company based in Eatontown, NJ. Our philosophy is to help our customers gain financial freedom through our various credit products, including: manage your credit with our 100% legal, effective and time-tested methods, building new credit with secured credit cards, monitoring your credit to protect against identity theft. Better Qualified is unlike any other credit repair company because we always strive to be the best.
Western Nevada- Part 1/4 (GENOA, CARSON CITY & BOWER'S MANSION)
On this adventure, Brian takes you through one of the most underrated states in the country. Known largely for its legal gambling and prostitution and miles of arid sageland, most visitors to the state never venture beyond the neon streets of Reno and Vegas. However, Brian quickly discovers that there is much more to Nevada then meets the eye.
Brian's journey begins near the California border, in the state's oldest town, Genoa. After visiting the town's main sites, Brian continues to the state capital of Carson City. After stopping by some of the city's most famous buildings, he heads to the Nevada State Museum, to learn more about the state he'll be exploring. Brian concludes his tour of the area with a visit to the historic Bower's Mansion.
Filmed May 26, 2018
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1:54 - Genoa
4:49 - Genoa Courthouse Museum
7:43 - Downtown Carson City
9:48 - Nevada State Museum
15:00 - Bower's Mansion
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Consumer Credit is the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future. Better Qualified offers the clients a free credit analysis from the credit experts. Better Qualified’s credit analysis is designed to educate clients on their credit and determine what steps need to be taken to obtain their desired score. A credit score is a numerical expression based on a level analysis of a person's credit files, to represent the creditworthiness of an individual. A credit score is primarily based on a credit report. Better Qualified looks over the client’s credit report with client providing better credit scores. Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. An entity which provides insurance is known as an insurer, insurance company, or insurance carrier. A person or entity who buys insurance is known as an insured or policyholder. The insurance transaction involves the insured assuming a guaranteed and known relatively small loss in the form of payment to the insurer in exchange for the insurer's promise to compensate the insured in the event of a covered loss. Better Qualified has helped thousands build, manage, and monitor their credit since 2006. Our staff of credit experts works diligently to attack derogatory accounts, while advising you towards building a better credit score. Your credit score influences your chances of getting Credit card.Your credit score is more complex than just paying your bills on time and staying low on your limits. Better Qualified takes a personal approach to the credit management process and work with you every step of the way to get you the best possible results. Better Qualified has developed a proven credit management program that will help you manage your credit and save money. Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, USA, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s. A 1994 addition forms a corridor along the Carson River. The park is in Lyon County south of the town of Silver Springs. Fort Churchill is one of seven National Historic Landmarks in Nevada. The site is one end of the historic Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road. It is located on U.S. Route 95 Alternate, 8 miles (13 km) south of U.S. Route 50. The list of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada contains the landmarks designated by the U.S. Federal Government for the U.S. state of Nevada.
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One way that can make a significant jump for your score is by paying down balances. The process of paying down balances is called utilization ratio. As high utilization ratio also indicates deeper financial problems, it’s time to do some serious budgeting if your ratio creeps up. On an average, Paul Oster, CEO Better Qualified recommends, “keeping your utilization ratio below 30%.” This is calculated using the borrower’s credit utilization ratio or the amount of available credit used. So if you have card with a $6000 credit limit and you use $3,000, you have a 50% utilization ratio.
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Consumer credit is a debt that a person incurs when purchasing a good or service. Consumer credit includes purchases obtained with credit cards, lines of credit and some loans. Consumer credit is also known as consumer debt. The most common form of consumer credit is a credit card. Secured credit cards require that the clients put a down payment as collateral, so that they can build their credit risk free. Better Qualified has teamed up with the affiliates to help the clients build credit through secured credit cards. Consumer credit allows consumers to get an advance or loan to spend money on products or services for family, household or personal uses repaid at a specified future date. Better Qualified, LLC is a limited liability company that specializes in business and consumer credit services. Better Qualified's team of credit experts have decades of combined experience helping people manage and build their credit. Better Qualified has consulted for thousands of individuals and corporations on their credit ratings, operations, sales and business models. The philosophy of Better Qualified is to help the customers gain financial freedom through the various credit products, including: Manage your credit with our 100% legal, effective and time-tested methods; Building new credit with secured credit cards; Monitoring your credit to protect against identity theft.
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Uno de los tipos de clientes problemáticos que todos intentamos evitar a toda costa es el pagador tardío (o su pariente, el no-pagador). Trabajar con pagadores tardíos (o no-pagadores) puede ser muy duro. Pero, como todo lo que forma parte de los negocios, es mejor abordar el asunto con profesionalidad y una buena dosis de sentido práctico. Better Qualified le ayudará a empezar una nueva vida financiera después de pagos tardes. Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, USA, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s. A 1994 addition forms a corridor along the Carson River. The park is in Lyon County south of the town of Silver Springs. Fort Churchill is one of seven National Historic Landmarks in Nevada. The site is one end of the historic Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road. It is located on U.S. Route 95 Alternate, 8 miles (13 km) south of U.S. Route 50. The financial services industry constitutes the largest group of companies in the world in terms of earnings and equity market capitalization. However it is not the largest category in terms of revenue or number of employees. It is also a slow growing and extremely fragmented industry, with the largest company (Citigroup), only having a 3% US market share. In contrast, the largest home improvement store in the US, Home Depot, has a 30% market share, and the largest coffee house Starbucks has a market share of 32%.
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The subsectors, industry groups, and industries within the Finance and Insurance sector are defined on the basis of their unique production processes. As with all industries, the production processes are distinguished by their use of specialized human resources and specialized physical capital. In addition, the way in which these establishments acquire and allocate financial capital, their source of funds, and the use of those funds provides a third basis for distinguishing characteristics of the production process. For instance, the production process in raising funds through deposit-taking is different from the process of raising funds in bond or money markets. The process of making loans to individuals also requires different production processes than does the creation of investment pools or the underwriting of securities. Better Qualified is an experienced credit repair company with an effective and legal credit management process that helped thousands of people achieve financial freedom. The experts help small businesses and individuals with their credit scores. Business credit program takes twelve months. Personal Consumer credit program takes six months. For the consumers, the credit score repair can cost eight hundred dollars a month. There is no personal guarantee – only that a person needs is the tax and identification number. Better Qualified experts are ready to offer a free analysis and to repair your credit score.
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Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, USA, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s. A 1994 addition forms a corridor along the Carson River. The park is in Lyon County south of the town of Silver Springs. Fort Churchill is one of seven National Historic Landmarks in Nevada. The site is one end of the historic Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road. It is located on U.S. Route 95 Alternate, 8 miles (13 km) south of U.S. Route 50. The list of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada contains the landmarks designated by the U.S. Federal Government for the U.S. state of Nevada. There are 8 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in Nevada. The U.S. Consumer credit is credit given by shops, banks and other financial institutions to consumers so that they can buy goods. Common forms of consumer credit include credit cards, store cards, motor vehicle finance, personal loans, consumer lines of credit, retail loans and mortgages. Better Qualified helps people build credit with secured credit cards. The company has consulted for thousands of individuals and corporations on their credit ratings, operations, sales and business models. Every new customer receives a custom credit consultation at the beginning of their journey with Better Qualified, and our credit experts tailor your strategy based on your individual needs.
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Better Qualified is unlike any other credit repair company because we always strive to be the best. The philosophy of our company is to help our customers gain financial freedom through our various credit products, including: manage your credit with our 100% legal, effective and time-tested methods; building new credit with secured credit cards; monitoring your credit to protect against identity theft. We only accept clients into the program we know we can help, which is why our customers keep raving about their results.
Outdoor Nevada S3 Ep4 | Let's Go Park Hopping!
Hop from state park to state park on this special episode of Outdoor Nevada. Learn more:
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Outdoor Nevada S3 Ep3 | The “Sand” State
Ride through Alamo’s best spots, pit stop at Gold Point and get some air at Nellis Dunes.
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Nevada | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nevada
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nevada () is a state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital, however, is Carson City.
Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the Battle Born State, because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag); as the Sagebrush State, for the native plant of the same name; and as the Sage-hen State.Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge. About 86% of the state's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government, both civilian and military.Before European contact, Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada. The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada (snowy) because of the snow which covered the mountains in winter. The area formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and became part of Mexico when it gained independence in 1821. The United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican–American War, and it was incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, as the second of two states added to the Union during the Civil War (the first being West Virginia).Nevada has a reputation for its libertarian laws. In 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populated state. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century. Nevada is the only U.S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in Clark County (Las Vegas), Washoe County (Reno) and Carson City (which, as an independent city, is not within the boundaries of any county). The tourism industry remains Nevada's largest employer, with mining continuing as a substantial sector of the economy: Nevada is the fourth-largest producer of gold in the world.
Trailer park millionaires
Some of the richest people in the US, including billionaires Warren Buffett and Sam Zell, have made millions from trailer parks at the expense of the country's poorest people. Seeing their success, ordinary people from across the country are now trying to follow in their footsteps and become trailer park millionaires. The Guardian went to Orlando to learn the tricks of the trade from Frank Rolfe, the self-appointed dean of Mobile Home University, as he led would-be investors around a trailer park for sex offenders.
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Nevada | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nevada
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nevada () is a state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital, however, is Carson City.
Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the Battle Born State, because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag); as the Sagebrush State, for the native plant of the same name; and as the Sage-hen State.Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge. About 86% of the state's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government, both civilian and military.Before European contact, Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada. The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada (snowy) because of the snow which covered the mountains in winter. The area formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and became part of Mexico when it gained independence in 1821. The United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican–American War, and it was incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, as the second of two states added to the Union during the Civil War (the first being West Virginia).Nevada has a reputation for its libertarian laws. In 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populated state. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century. Nevada is the only U.S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in Clark County (Las Vegas), Washoe County (Reno) and Carson City (which, as an independent city, is not within the boundaries of any county). The tourism industry remains Nevada's largest employer, with mining continuing as a substantial sector of the economy: Nevada is the fourth-largest producer of gold in the world.
Manhattan Engineering District | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:32 1 Origins
00:07:49 2 Feasibility
00:07:58 2.1 Proposals
00:10:09 2.2 Bomb design concepts
00:13:49 3 Organization
00:13:58 3.1 Manhattan District
00:17:08 3.2 Military Policy Committee
00:20:26 3.3 Collaboration with the United Kingdom
00:27:38 4 Project sites
00:27:47 4.1 Oak Ridge
00:30:37 4.2 Los Alamos
00:33:48 4.3 Chicago
00:36:02 4.4 Hanford
00:39:00 4.5 Canadian sites
00:39:08 4.5.1 British Columbia
00:40:17 4.5.2 Ontario
00:41:29 4.5.3 Northwest Territories
00:41:43 4.6 Heavy water sites
00:42:59 5 Uranium
00:43:08 5.1 Ore
00:46:16 5.2 Isotope separation
00:47:05 5.2.1 Centrifuges
00:48:51 5.2.2 Electromagnetic separation
00:53:58 5.2.3 Gaseous diffusion
00:57:46 5.2.4 Thermal diffusion
01:01:26 5.3 Aggregate U-235 production
01:01:55 6 Plutonium
01:02:44 6.1 X-10 Graphite Reactor
01:04:53 6.2 Hanford reactors
01:08:32 6.3 Separation process
01:12:05 6.4 Weapon design
01:19:00 6.5 Trinity
01:23:16 7 Personnel
01:26:37 8 Secrecy
01:29:26 8.1 Censorship
01:31:29 8.2 Soviet spies
01:33:16 9 Foreign intelligence
01:36:12 10 Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
01:36:22 10.1 Preparations
01:40:02 10.2 Bombings
01:45:44 11 After the war
01:51:19 12 Cost
01:52:32 13 Legacy
01:56:15 14 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.935558064790139
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US$2 billion (about $23 billion in 2018 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, and therefore a simpler gun-type called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and with almost the same mass, it proved difficult to separate the two. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor was demonstrated in Chicago at the Metallurgical Laboratory, it designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors in Hanford, Washington, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory.
The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear we ...
Manhattan Project | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Manhattan Project
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US$2 billion (about $22 billion in 2016 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, and therefore a simpler gun-type called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and with almost the same mass, it proved difficult to separate the two. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor was demonstrated in Chicago at the Metallurgical Laboratory, it designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors in Hanford, Washington, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory.
The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project's tight security, Soviet atomic spies successfully penetrated the program.
The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947.
Attack on Pearl Harbor | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Attack on Pearl Harbor
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning.Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong.The attack commenced at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT). The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft (including fighters, level and dive bombers, and torpedo bombers) in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. All but the USS Arizona were later raised, and six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. One hundred eighty-eight U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. Important base installations such as the power station, dry dock, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section), were not attacked. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 64 servicemen killed. One Japanese sailor, Kazuo Sakamaki, was captured.
The surprise attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day, December 8, the United States declared war on Japan, and several days later, on December 11, Germany and Italy each declared war on the U.S. The U.S. responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy. Domestic support for non-interventionism, which had been fading since the Fall of France in 1940, disappeared.There were numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime.
Manhattan Engineer District | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:06 1 Origins
00:09:00 2 Feasibility
00:09:09 2.1 Proposals
00:11:38 2.2 Bomb design concepts
00:15:51 3 Organization
00:16:00 3.1 Manhattan District
00:19:39 3.2 Military Policy Committee
00:23:26 3.3 Collaboration with the United Kingdom
00:31:44 4 Project sites
00:31:54 4.1 Oak Ridge
00:35:10 4.2 Los Alamos
00:38:50 4.3 Chicago
00:41:23 4.4 Hanford
00:44:47 4.5 Canadian sites
00:44:57 4.5.1 British Columbia
00:46:15 4.5.2 Ontario
00:47:36 4.5.3 Northwest Territories
00:47:51 4.6 Heavy water sites
00:49:18 5 Uranium
00:49:28 5.1 Ore
00:53:05 5.2 Isotope separation
00:54:02 5.2.1 Centrifuges
00:56:05 5.2.2 Electromagnetic separation
01:02:00 5.2.3 Gaseous diffusion
01:06:24 5.2.4 Thermal diffusion
01:10:41 5.3 Aggregate U-235 production
01:11:15 6 Plutonium
01:12:10 6.1 X-10 Graphite Reactor
01:14:41 6.2 Hanford reactors
01:18:54 6.3 Separation process
01:23:02 6.4 Weapon design
01:30:58 6.5 Trinity
01:35:55 7 Personnel
01:39:48 8 Secrecy
01:43:00 8.1 Censorship
01:45:19 8.2 Soviet spies
01:47:22 9 Foreign intelligence
01:50:45 10 Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
01:50:56 10.1 Preparations
01:55:08 10.2 Bombings
02:01:42 11 After the war
02:08:04 12 Cost
02:09:28 13 Legacy
02:13:41 14 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8747626991861721
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US$2 billion (about $23 billion in 2018 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, and therefore a simpler gun-type called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and with almost the same mass, it proved difficult to separate the two. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor was demonstrated in Chicago at the Metallurgical Laboratory, it designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors in Hanford, Washington, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory.
The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear w ...
Sacramento, California | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sacramento, California
00:02:46 1 History
00:02:55 1.1 Pre-Columbian period
00:03:29 1.2 Spanish period
00:04:23 1.3 Mexican period
00:05:39 1.4 American period
00:11:05 1.5 Modern era
00:15:22 2 Geography
00:16:37 2.1 Cityscape
00:16:45 2.1.1 City neighborhoods
00:19:29 2.2 Climate
00:23:44 3 Demographics
00:24:22 3.1 2010
00:29:51 3.2 2000
00:32:48 4 Economy
00:34:00 4.1 Top employers
00:34:13 5 Culture
00:34:22 5.1 Performing arts
00:36:46 5.2 Visual arts
00:37:33 5.3 Museums
00:39:59 5.4 Music
00:41:35 5.5 Film
00:42:38 5.6 Cuisine
00:44:35 5.7 LGBTQ
00:45:22 5.8 Old Sacramento
00:46:57 5.9 Chinatown
00:49:13 6 Sports
00:51:36 7 Parks and recreation
00:54:26 8 Government
00:55:44 8.1 State and Federal representation
00:56:22 9 Education
00:56:31 9.1 Higher education
01:01:33 9.2 Primary & secondary education
01:04:26 10 Media
01:04:35 10.1 Magazines
01:04:52 10.2 Newspapers
01:06:12 10.3 Radio
01:06:20 10.4 Television stations
01:06:29 11 Transportation
01:06:47 11.1 Roads and highways
01:08:44 11.2 Rail service
01:11:07 11.3 Airport
01:12:02 11.4 Other transportation options
01:14:36 12 Notable residents
01:14:45 13 Sister cities
01:15:01 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sacramento ( SAK-rə-MEN-toh; Spanish: [sakɾaˈmento]) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's estimated 2018 population of 501,334 makes it the sixth-largest city in California and the 9th largest capital in the United States. Sacramento is the seat of the California Assembly, the Governor of California, and Supreme Court of California, making it the state's political center and a hub for lobbying and think tanks. Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which had 2010 population of 2,414,783, making it the fifth largest in California.Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California, owing to its status as notable financial center on the West Coast and as a major educational hub, home of Sacramento State University and University of California, Davis. Similarly, Sacramento is a major center for the California healthcare industry, as the seat of Sutter Health, the world-renowned UC Davis Medical Center, and the UC Davis School of Medicine, and notable tourist destination in California, as the site of The California Museum, the Crocker Art Museum, California Hall of Fame, the California State Capitol Museum, and the Old Sacramento State Historic Park. Sacramento is known for its evolving contemporary culture, dubbed the most hipster city in California. In 2002, the Harvard University Civil Rights Project conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento America's Most Diverse City.Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area was inhabited by the Nisenan people indigenous peoples of California. Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga named surveyed and named the Rio del Santísimo Sacramento (Sacramento River) in 1808, after the Blessed Sacrament, referring to the Eucharist in the Catholic Church. In 1839, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Mexican governor of Alta California granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss-born, Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter, who subsequently established Sutter's Fort and the settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia. Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. As a result of the California Gold Rush, Sacramento became a major commercial center and distribution point for Northern California, serving as the terminus for the Pony Express and the First Transcontinental Railroad.