Life on Tristan da Cunha – the World's Most Remote Inhabited Island
Watch the three-part Britain's Treasure Islands documentary series on BBC FOUR, starting Tue 12 Apr 2016 21:00. (repeated Wed 13 Apr 2016 20:00).
This mini-documentary follows Stewart McPherson's journey to Tristan da Cunha, the most remote inhabited island in the world. We meet the Tristanians and an interview with ex-chief islander Harold Green reveals what life is like in Tristan's only settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas.
Please note: although complementary to the BBC FOUR series, the 40 short mini-documentaries are not commissioned or editorially overseen by BBC.
BRITAIN'S TREASURE ISLANDS - MINI-DOCUMENTARIES
Introduction
Overview of the UK Overseas Territories
Filming the Britain’s Treasure Islands TV documentary series
Stewart McPherson’s lecture at the Royal Geographical Society
Mini-documentaries about each of the UK Overseas Territories
Ascension Island – wildlife and heritage
Saint Helena – wildlife and heritage
Tristan da Cunha – wildlife and heritage
Falkland Islands – wildlife and heritage
South Georgia – wildlife and heritage
British Antarctic Territory – wildlife and heritage
British Indian Ocean Territory – wildlife and heritage
Pitcairn Islands – wildlife and heritage
Bermuda – wildlife and heritage
Cayman Islands – wildlife and heritage
British Virgin Islands – wildlife and heritage
Montserrat – wildlife and heritage
Anguilla – wildlife and heritage
Turks and Caicos Islands – wildlife and heritage
Akrotiri and Dhekelia – wildlife and heritage
Gibraltar – wildlife and heritage
Mini-documentaries about specific subjects on particular UK Overseas Territories
Ascension Island – natives and aliens
Ascension Island – supplying the garrison
Saint Helena – wirebird conservation
Saint Helena – plant conservation
Life on Tristan da Cunha – the World’s Most Remote Inhabited Island
Tristan da Cunha – the Monster Mice of Gough Island
Falkland Islands – Jimmy the ex-whaler
British Indian Ocean Territory – coconut crabs
British Indian Ocean Territory – seabirds
British Indian Ocean Territory – underwater
Pitcairn Islands – Henderson Island’s wildlife
Life on Pitcairn Island – home of the descendants of the mutineers from HMS Bounty
Mini-documentaries about systematic wildlife groups across all of the UK Overseas Territories
Terrestrial Invertebrates of the UK Overseas Territories
Amphibians and Reptiles of the UK Overseas Territories
Plants of the UK Overseas Territories
Mammals of the UK Overseas Territories
Birds of the UK Overseas Territories
Marine Life of the UK Overseas Territories
Overview mini-documentaries
Conservation Lessons of the UKOTs
Islands of Evolution
Overview of the Britain’s Treasure Islands book
Shipping 5,000 books to all UK secondary schools COMING SOON
Overview of Britain’s Treasure Islands TV documentary series
SAINT HELENA ISLAND.
This video is about SAINT HELENA ISLAND. Situated in Moreton Bay Qld it was NOT used as a Lepper Colony, that was on Peel Island nearby.
Climbing Jacob's Ladder in St. Helena
Jacob's Ladder is a staircase comprising 699 stone steps, from sea level in Jamestown up to the top of Ladder Hill (183 m). The way is steep (44 degrees!) and the day was hot, but I walked to the top in 8 minutes. The island record is 4 1/2 minutes. I enjoyed my time on tiny St. Helena, a beautiful little island in the middle of the South Atlantic, more than 1,000 miles off the coast of Namibia.
Ascension Island/ British overseas territory
Ascension Island / the British South Atlantic territoriesis an isolated volcanic island in the equatorial waters of the South Atlantic Ocean, around 1,600 kilometres (994 mi) from the coast of Africa, and 2,250 kilometres (1,398 mi) from the coast of South America which is roughly midway between the horn of South America and Africa. It is politically organized and governed as part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[1] from the capital Saint Helena, which is 1,287 kilometres (800 mi) to the southeast and the protectorate also includes the remotest populated archipelago on earth, the sparsely populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago some thirty-degrees farther south — about half the way to the Antarctic circle. The Island is named after the day of its recorded discovery, Ascension Day and is located about as far south of the equator as tropical Venezuela is to its north. Historically, it has played a role as an
important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats and during World War II was an important naval and air station especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic and throughout the war.Ascension Island was garrisoned by the British Royal Navy on 22 October 1815.
Despite its small size there is a lot to do on the island. There are numerous walks, the opportunity to go scuba diving, and play a wide variety of sports. These include football, tennis, squash and golf (albeit on officially one of the worst golf courses in the world). Sea fishing is also very popular.It was discovered by the Portuguese seafarer Joao da Nova Castelia in 1501, (although this visit apparently went unrecorded) and found again two years later on Ascension Day by Alphonse d'Albuquerque, who gave the island its name. Being dry and barren it was of little use to the East Indies fleets. So it remained uninhabited until Emperor Napoleon I was incarcerated on St Helena in 1815 when a small British naval garrison was stationed on Ascension to deny it to the French. The island was designated HMS Ascension, a Stone sloop of War of the smaller class. By Napoleon's death in 1821 Ascension had become a victualling station and sanatorium for ships engaged in the suppression of the slave trade around the West African coast. In 1823 the island was taken over by the Royal Marines. It remained under the supervision of the British Board of Admiralty until 1922, when it was made a Dependency of St Helena by Royal Letters Patent.
From 1922 until 1964 the island was managed by the Eastern Telegraph Company (renamed Cable and Wireless in 1934).
In 1964, in view of plans to establish BBC and Composite Signal Organisation (CSO) stations, an Administrator was appointed.
THE MOST ISOLATED TOWN IN THE WORLD. HARD TO REACH, IMPOSSIBLE TO STAY
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas – The Planet's Most Remote Settlement Where Everyone Knows Each Other
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Ascension Island
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island in the equatorial waters of the South Atlantic Ocean, around 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) from the coast of Africa and 2,250 kilometres (1,400 mi) from the coast of South America, which is roughly midway between the horn of South America and Africa. It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, of which the main island, Saint Helena, is around 1,300 kilometres (800 mi) to the southeast. The territory also includes the remotest populated archipelago on Earth, the sparsely populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago, some 3,730 kilometres (2,300 mi) to the south (about thirty degrees of latitude) and about halfway to the Antarctic Circle.
The island is named after the day of its recorded discovery, Ascension Day, and is located at 7°56′S 14°22′W, about as far south of the equator as tropical Venezuela is to its north. Historically, it has played a role as an important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats and during World War II was an important naval and air station, especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic and throughout the war. Ascension Island was garrisoned by the British Admiralty from 22 October 1815 to 1922.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
The worlds most remote inhabited volcanic island is stirring! | da Cunha
June 18, 2017: The most recent seismogram activity at Tristan da Cunha, the worlds most remote inhabited island, is showing signatures of magma intrusion.
Watch the three-part Britains Treasure Islands documentary series on BBC FOUR, starting Tue 12 Apr 2016 21:00. (repeated Wed 13 Apr 2016 20:00).
June 18, 2017: The most recent seismogram activity at Tristan da Cunha, the worlds most remote inhabited island, is showing signatures of magma intrusion.
Watch also: 5 Shortest Flights in the World - List: 5. St. Helena 4. Palmerston Island 3. Tristan da Cunha 2. Easter Island 1.
A Year on Gough Island
A compilation of footage from our unforgettable year on Gough Island! Thank you to the RSPB and Tristan da Cunha Conservation Department for the opportunity to live and work in the dramatic South Atlantic.
Filmed and edited by David Kinchin-Smith & Em Witcutt
Music: 'Chateau' by Angus & Julia Stone (Google Play • iTunes)
Easter Island One of the most remote islands on Earth
Watch also: 5 Shortest Flights in the World - List: 5. St. Helena 4. Palmerston Island 3. Tristan da Cunha 2. Easter Island 1. Pitcairn Island Thanks a lot for watching!
Easter island. one of the most remote places on earth, and undoubtedly one of the most amazing. before its official discovery in the late 1700s, this speck of rock was thought to be just.
Located more than 2300 miles off Chiles coast in the southern pacific ocean, this Polynesian island is steeped in mystery. Famous for its giant stone monolith statues, called Moai, Easter.
NASA flight over Santa Helena airport
A NASA aircraft flies over Santa Helena new airport to help with wind shears problem. View from Great Stone Top
5 most dangerous islands you DON,T want to visit
1). Gruinard island is present in scotland
2).izu island present in japan
3).snake island present in brazil
4).saba island present in carabia
5).poveglia island present in italy
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Ascension Island | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ascension Island
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56' south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is about 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) from the coast of Africa and 2,250 kilometres (1,400 mi) from the coast of Brazil. It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, of which the main island, Saint Helena, is around 1,300 kilometres (800 mi) to the southeast. The territory also includes the sparsely-populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago, some 3,730 kilometres (2,300 mi) to the south, about halfway to the Antarctic Circle.
The island is named after the day of its recorded discovery, Ascension Day. It was an important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats. During World War II it was an important naval and air station, especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic. Ascension Island was garrisoned by the British Admiralty from 22 October 1815 to 1922.
The island is the location of RAF Ascension Island, which is a Royal Air Force station, a European Space Agency rocket tracking station, an Anglo-American signals intelligence facility and the BBC World Service Atlantic Relay Station. The island was used extensively as a staging point by the British military during the Falklands War. Ascension Island hosts one of four ground antennas (others are on Kwajalein Island, Diego Garcia, and Cape Canaveral) that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigational system. NASA operates a Meter Class Autonomous Telescope (MCAT) on Ascension Island for tracking orbital debris, which is potentially hazardous to operating spacecraft and astronauts, at a facility called the John Africano NASA/AFRL Orbital Debris Observatory.
Remote And ISOLATED Places In The World!
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10. Oymyakon, Russia
This town has a reputation of being the coldest inhabited town in the world! The average temperature is around -58 degrees, and it is completely dark for up to 21 hours a day during winter. But in 1933, the temperature dropped to a bone-chilling -90! Because of the temperature, it is practically impossible to grow any crops here, which is one of the major drawbacks for the inhabitants. The people are forced to use food such as frozen fish meat, reindeer meat and the local delicacy – ice-cubed horse blood with macaroni. Yummy!
Another problem for the people of Oymyakon is the plumbing. Because of the harsh weather, the plumbing systems will freeze, so the locals have outhouses. Good old outhouses in the freezing weather. As for their cars, people keep them inside heated garages, or simply leave them running outside. Oymyakon is 576 miles away from the nearest major city of Yakutsk, and it will take you a couple of days to get there, so be prepared. But the place has a great reputation, with interesting people, indoor fun and games and an “exotic” cuisine, to say the least. How they manage to keep sane in that weather, though – is beyond me.
9. Easter Island, Chile
This is one of the most isolated islands in the world with a population of around 6,500 people. It is 2,500 miles east of Tahiti and the nearest continental point is in Chile, some 2,300 miles away. In 1888, Chile annexed Easter Island, and from then on it’s been considered a part of Insular Chile.
As you probably know, Easter Island is most famous for its almost 900 giant stone heads, known as Moai by the Rapa Nui people who carved the figures. These monoliths are from between 1,100 and 1,500 AD and have actual hidden bodies underneath the ground. Their creators were master craftsmen and engineers and there is still much speculation and mystery surrounding their purpose.
Easter Island is a volcanic hot spot, similar to Hawaii, but the only regular flights are via LAN airlines from Santiago de Chile. It’s quite out of the way for almost everyone and it is pretty much only convenient if you are doing a trip around the world.
8. Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland
This small settlement in Greenland is one of the remotest settlements on Earth. It was founded in 1925, and it’s the farthest of all inhabited areas on Greenland. The only way to get to it is by helicopter or boat! This place, practically at the edge of the world, has a population of just 450 people, but there have been a lot of tourists in recent years. This place is actually very close to the biggest multi-branched fjord system in the world, and a national park so the surrounding scenery is nothing short of amazing.
It’s frozen 9 months out of the year and the only way this town can survive is through fishing and hunting. If you want to visit Ittoqqortoormiit as a tourist, it’s totally possible; it has one bright orange guesthouse in town, a pub that opens one night a week, a general store, and a post office. Travel companies can arrange all manner of adventurous excursions, from dog sledding and kayaking to hiking and hunting. Just be ready for chilly weather!
7. La Rinconada, Peru
This is a small mining town located high up in the Peruvian Andes. It is officially the world’s highest city, at 5,130 m above sea level. La Rinconada lies on a glacier that’s permanently frozen, and the only way to reach it is by truck via winding roads up the mountain. There is no airport anywhere close by. Not many people can handle the trip to La Rinconada, let alone live there. To reach the city takes days and then you have to deal with the altitude sickness, which is an ordeal in itself. Nevertheless, this place has a population of 30,000 people. Why? Because word got out that there was gold in the area so prospectors moved to the remote location by the thousands. Most of them are involved in the gold mining business. Allegedly, the working conditions in La Rinconada are deplorable, which only add to the misery of this place. It operates under a system where miners work throughout the month for no pay. After their 30 days, they can leave the mine hauling as much ore as they can carry on their person. The catch is there is no way of telling if there is any gold in the ore at all.
Origins Explained is the place to be to find all the answers to your questions, from mysterious events and unsolved mysteries to everything there is to know about the world and its amazing animals!
Ascension Island | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ascension Island
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56' south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is about 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) from the coast of Africa and 2,250 kilometres (1,400 mi) from the coast of Brazil. It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, of which the main island, Saint Helena, is around 1,300 kilometres (800 mi) to the southeast. The territory also includes the sparsely-populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago, some 3,730 kilometres (2,300 mi) to the south, about halfway to the Antarctic Circle.
The island is named after the day of its recorded discovery, Ascension Day. It played a role as an important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats. During World War II it was an important naval and air station, especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic. Ascension Island was garrisoned by the British Admiralty from 22 October 1815 to 1922.
The island is the location of RAF Ascension Island, which is a Royal Air Force station, a European Space Agency rocket tracking station, an Anglo-American signals intelligence facility and the BBC World Service Atlantic Relay Station. The island was used extensively as a staging point by the British military during the Falklands War. Ascension Island hosts one of four ground antennas (others are on Kwajalein Island, Diego Garcia, and Cape Canaveral) that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigational system. NASA operates a Meter Class Autonomous Telescope (MCAT) on Ascension Island for tracking orbital debris, which is potentially hazardous to operating spacecraft and astronauts, at a facility called the John Africano NASA/AFRL Orbital Debris Observatory.
Guam | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Guam
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Guam ( ( listen); Chamorro: Guåhån Chamorro pronunciation: [ˈɡʷɑhɑn]) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the easternmost point and territory of the United States, along with the Northern Mariana Islands. The capital city of Guam is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo. The inhabitants of Guam are called Guamanians, and they are American citizens by birth. Indigenous Guamanians are the Chamorros, who are related to other Austronesian natives to the west in the Philippines and Taiwan.
In 2016, 162,742 people resided on Guam. Guam has an area of 210 square miles (540 km2; 130,000 acres) and a population density of 775 per square mile (299/km2). In Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest population density at 3,691 per square mile (1,425/km2), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119 per square mile (46/km2). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 1,332 feet (406 m) above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces.The indigenous Chamorros settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, while in the service of Spain, was the first European to visit the island, on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized by Spain in 1668 with settlers, including Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic Jesuit missionary. Between the 16th century and the 18th century, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is among the seventeen non-self-governing territories listed by the United Nations.Before World War II, there were five American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean: Guam and Wake Island in Micronesia, American Samoa and Hawaii in Polynesia, and the Philippines.
On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, who occupied the island for two and a half years. During the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to beheadings, forced labor, rape, and torture. American forces recaptured the island on July 21, 1944; Liberation Day commemorates the victory.An unofficial but frequently used territorial motto is Where America's Day Begins, which refers to the island's close proximity to the international date line.
Take Me To Pitcairn - Full Documentary
Seduced by tales of endurance, villainy and adventure, one man attempts to re-trace the romantic voyages of the most infamous fugitives in British naval history. However, he soon discovers he is not alone on an emotional quest to reach one of the most remote islands in the world.
Take Me To Pitcairn was directed, filmed and presented by Julian McDonnell. Anyone interested in the Mutiny on the Bounty MUST see this.
and for more by the same film maker try following on social media
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Conquistador | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Conquistador
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Conquistadors (; from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores conquerors; Spanish: [koŋkistaˈðoɾes], Portuguese: [kũkiʃtɐˈdoɾis, kõkiʃtɐˈðoɾɨʃ]) is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes. They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.
The Spanish conquistadores, who were primarily poor nobles from the impoverished west and south of Spain, began building up an American empire in the Caribbean, using islands such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola as bases. Florida fell to Juan Ponce de León after 1513. From 1519 to 1521, Hernán Cortés waged a campaign against the Aztec Empire, ruled by Moctezuma II. From the territories of the Aztec Empire conquistadors expanded Spanish rule to northern Central America and parts of what is now southern and western United States. Other conquistadors took over the Inca Empire after crossing the Isthmus of Panama and sailing the Pacific to northern Peru. As Francisco Pizarro subdued the empire in a manner similar to Cortés other conquistadores used Peru as base for conquering much of Ecuador and Chile. In Colombia, Bolivia, and Argentina conquistadors from Peru linked up with other conquistadors arriving more directly from the Caribbean and Río de la Plata-Paraguay respectively. Conquistadors founded numerous cities many of them on locations with pre-existing pre-colonial settlements including the capitals of most Latin American countries.
Besides conquest Spanish conquistadors made significant explorations into the Amazon Jungle, Patagonia, the interior of North America, and the Pacific Ocean.
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United Kingdom | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
United Kingdom
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.
The sovereign state is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 1952, making her the longest-serving current head of state. The United Kingdom's capital and largest city is London, a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million. Other major urban areas in the UK include the conurbations centred on Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow and Liverpool.
The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Their capitals are London, Belfast, Edinburgh, and Cardiff respectively. Apart from England, the countries have devolved administrations, each with varying powers. The nearby Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the UK, being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation. The medieval conquest and subsequent annexation of Wales by the Kingdom of England, followed by the union between England and Scotland in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the union in 1801 of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There are fourteen British Overseas Territories, the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history. British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It has a high-income economy and has a very high Human Development Index, ranking 14th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The United Kingdom remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is sixth in military expenditure in the world. It has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946. It has been a leading member state of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor, the European Economic Community (EEC), since 1973; however, a referendum in 2016 resulted in 51.9% of UK voters favouring leaving the European Union, and the country's exit is being negotiated. The United Kingdom is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Interpol and the World Trade Organization (WTO).