Origins of Genus Homo–Australopiths and Early Homo; Variation of Early Homo; Speciation of Homo
(Visit: This symposium explores evidence bearing on the emergence of our genus, focusing on possible antecedents to Homo, changes in diet and body form as Australopithecus evolved toward Homo, ancient species within the genus, and evolutionary processes likely operating 2.5 - 1.5 million years ago. Recorded on 02/05/2016. [4/2016] [Show ID: 30634]
CARTA: Origins of Genus Homo
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Explore More Science & Technology on UCTV
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Science and technology continue to change our lives. University of California scientists are tackling the important questions like climate change, evolution, oceanography, neuroscience and the potential of stem cells.
UCTV is the broadcast and online media platform of the University of California, featuring programming from its ten campuses, three national labs and affiliated research institutions. UCTV explores a broad spectrum of subjects for a general audience, including science, health and medicine, public affairs, humanities, arts and music, business, education, and agriculture. Launched in January 2000, UCTV embraces the core missions of the University of California -- teaching, research, and public service – by providing quality, in-depth television far beyond the campus borders to inquisitive viewers around the world.
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Experiencing Human Origins in Southern Africa
This past November, 15 Dartmouth students put their classroom learning to the test when they journeyed to South Africa for the final three weeks of Anthropology 70: Experiencing Human Origins and Evolution. Students used newfound skills to advance independent research projects across a wide range of settings, including caves, deserts, and coasts. Hear from Professor of Anthropology Nate Dominy and Associate Professor of Anthropology Jeremy DeSilva, who developed and led this unique course, and learn about their own research in South Africa and how it informs their philosophy toward experiential learning at Dartmouth.
CARTA: Origins of Genus Homo – Herman Pontzer: Energetics and the Ecology of Early Homo
(Visit: In this talk, Herman Pontzer investigates humans’ evolving metabolic strategy and its origins in the fossil record. He discusses the ecological pressures that shaped our genus and the evolutionary origins of obesity and metabolic disease. Recorded on 02/05/2016. Series: CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny [Science] [Show ID: 30645]
Johannesburg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Johannesburg
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Johannesburg (; Afrikaans: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ]; also known as Jozi, Joburg, and eGoli) is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world. It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court. The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade.The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. In 2011, the population of the city of Johannesburg was 4,434,827, making it the most populous city in South Africa. In the same year, the population of Johannesburg's urban agglomeration was put at 7,860,781. The land area of the municipal city (1,645 km2 (635 sq mi)) is large in comparison with those of other major cities, resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364/km2 (6,120/sq mi).
The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm. The city is commonly interpreted as the modern day El Dorado due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand. The name is attributed to one or all of three men involved in the establishment of the city. In ten years, the population grew to 100,000 inhabitants.
A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994, Soweto is now part of Johannesburg. Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships, Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg, populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry. Soweto, although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg, had been separated as a residential area for Blacks, who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper. Lenasia is predominantly populated by English-speaking South Africans of Indian descent. These areas were designated as non-white areas in accordance with the segregationist policies of the South African government known as Apartheid.
South Africa | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
South Africa
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland (Eswatini); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 57 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (White), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is the fourth highest number in the world. Two of these languages are of European origin: Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism, and is commonly used in public and commercial life, though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état, and regular elections have been held for almost a century. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to recover its rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a large role in the country's recent history and politics. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation. After a long and sometimes violent struggle by the African National Congress (ANC) and other anti-apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, the repeal of discriminatory laws began in 1990.
Since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the country's liberal democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the rainbow nation to describe the country's multicultural diversity, especially in the wake of apartheid. The World Bank classifies South Africa as an upper-middle-income economy, and a newly industrialised country. Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 34th-largest in the world. In terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day. Nevertheless, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence.
Stephen Lewis: Disability, Disillusion and Self-Discovery | The Forum | Stratford Festival
On August 17, 2013, Stephen Lewis spoke on Disability, Disillusion and Self-Discovery before a live audience at the Stratford Festival's Avon Theatre as part of the Festival's Forum initiative. Artistic Director Antoni Cimolino and Broadcaster Peter Mansbridge provide their greeting and introductions.
Leader of Ontario's New Democratic Party in the 1970s, Stephen Lewis later became Canada's ambassador to the United Nations and the UN's special envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa. He is currently the Board Chair of the Stephen Lewis Foundation.
For for information about The Forum, visit:
Presentation features:
Antoni Cimolino, Stratford Festival Artistic Director
Peter Mansbridge, Broadcaster and News Anchor
Stephen Lewis, Board Chair of Stephen Lewis Foundation; Co-Director of AIDS-Free World
Anita Gaffney, Stratford Festival Executive Director
Closed-captioning is available on this video in English. Please click the CC icon located on the bottom right of the video player to enable this feature.
2017 AM: Executive Session: Biological Anthropology and the Public
Interacting with a biological anthropologist can influence a person’s ideas about evolution, biology, and human nature. Anthropologists are uniquely well positioned to engage the public in dialogues about the science of being human, as we are trained to understand cultural perspectives that differ from our own. Blurring the boundaries between the academy and the larger world, many biological anthropologists have found ways to actively converse with non-academic audiences. Popular media—such as online videos, podcasts, or blogs—introduce and explain scientific research to non-academic audiences. Social media spread biological anthropology news beyond the classroom and the conference, allowing non-experts to engage experts in discussions about that news. Workshops and public speaking events popularize anthropological messages through education. The speakers in this session will share their experiences with public outreach and why they find this work pivotal to their practice of anthropology, illustrating how biological anthropology research matters in to the public.
Want to learn more about the AAA Annual Meeting? Visit
Science Journalism, Authoritarian Regimes, and Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience deceives millions of people every day. Although scientists and journalists try to expose baseless assertions, governments around the world often will make decisions based on such claims or on the mistrust of science.
Do science journalists have a social responsibility to help people demand evidence-based policies? If so, how can science journalists overcome animus from those in power who seek to prevent them from exercising this responsibility? These questions are crucial when societal well-being is at risk and especially if governments are driven by authoritarianism.
This session, presented October 28, 2017 at the 10th World Conference of Science Journalists in San Francisco, CA., tackled these isseues. Journalists shared their experiences reporting in such situations—from “race science” and HIV denialism in South Africa to fraudulent cures in Brazil and Egypt, from archaeological findings used as a nationalistic strategy in Indonesia to governmental ignorance of scientific solutions in Costa Rica.
Human evolution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Human evolution
00:01:30 1 Anatomical changes
00:02:14 1.1 Bipedalism
00:06:37 1.2 Encephalization
00:09:25 1.3 Sexual dimorphism
00:10:29 1.4 Ulnar opposition
00:10:59 1.5 Other changes
00:11:37 2 History of study
00:11:46 2.1 Before Darwin
00:12:28 2.2 Darwin
00:13:40 2.3 First fossils
00:15:07 2.4 The East African fossils
00:18:06 2.5 The genetic revolution
00:21:39 2.6 The quest for the earliest hominin
00:22:41 2.7 Human dispersal
00:24:05 2.7.1 Dispersal of modern iHomo sapiens/i
00:30:01 3 Evidence
00:30:52 3.1 Evidence from molecular biology
00:33:10 3.1.1 Genetics
00:33:38 3.2 Evidence from the fossil record
00:38:15 3.3 Inter-species breeding
00:40:41 4 Before iHomo/i
00:40:50 4.1 Early evolution of primates
00:44:11 4.2 Divergence of the human clade from other great apes
00:47:57 4.3 Genus iAustralopithecus/i
00:49:50 5 Evolution of genus iHomo/i
00:53:19 5.1 iH. habilis/i and iH. gautengensis/i
00:54:16 5.2 iH. rudolfensis/i and iH. georgicus/i
00:54:54 5.3 iH. ergaster/i and iH. erectus/i
00:57:42 5.4 iH. cepranensis/i and iH. antecessor/i
00:58:13 5.5 iH. heidelbergensis/i
00:58:36 5.6 iH. rhodesiensis/i, and the Gawis cranium
00:59:36 5.7 Neanderthal and Denisovan
01:06:08 5.8 iH. floresiensis/i
01:08:16 5.9 iH. sapiens/i
01:09:50 6 Use of tools
01:13:15 6.1 Stone tools
01:15:04 7 Transition to behavioral modernity
01:17:55 8 Recent and current human evolution
01:20:30 9 Species list
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes. This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language, as well as interbreeding with other hominins, which indicate that human evolution was not linear but a web.The study of human evolution involves several scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics. Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.Within the Hominoidea (apes) superfamily, the Hominidae family diverged from the Hylobatidae (gibbon) family some 15–20 million years ago; African great apes (subfamily Homininae) diverged from orangutans (Ponginae) about 14 million years ago; the Hominini tribe (humans, Australopithecines and other extinct biped genera, and chimpanzee) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) between 8-9 million years ago; and, in turn, the subtribes Hominina (humans and biped ancestors) and Panina (chimps) separated 4-7.5 million years ago.