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Wikipédia
VALERIE SOKOLOVA- ILLUSTRATIONS
„ILLUSTRATIONS” BY VALERIE SOKOLOVA
JULY / AUGUST 2015
STARBUCKS, 910 MANHATTAN AVE, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
TEL. 718.609.0467
EXHIBIT CURATOR AND VIDEO- JANUSZ SKOWRON
_______________________________________________
Valerie Sokolova, illustrator of Polish origin was born in city of Lvov, (Ukraine) in the family of renowned architect Stanislaw Sokolov. She holds BA in Illustration (Ukrainian Polygraphists Institute named after Ivan Fedorov) and MFA in Applied and Decorative Arts in Graphic Design field (Belorussian State Institute of Theatre and Art).
Valerie has published more than 30 illustrated picture books in the United States and abroad. Valerie’s books “Royal Birthday Adventure” by I See Me Publishing won Two Gold Medals as the Best Book of the year 2012 ( Winner Creative child Award ) USA and (Mom’s Choice Gold Award) USA; and Parent Tested, Parent Approved (PTPA Award) in 2014 USA. Valerie has been awarded at her homeland Ukraine with the Best Children’s artist of the year 2013 (Golden Feather Award). Valerie’s book “Bella Basset Ballerina” won several prestigious national and international awards at Hollywood Book festival and London Book festival in 2010. Her ”Thankful Together” children’s picture book became bestseller of Standard Publishing house and was sold as 100 000 copies the first year; was printed as a board book version the same year due to its amazing popularity. Valerie is a recipient of PSC CUNY Research Award in the field of Illustration 2015.
Valerie’s first written (and illustrated) book was “Forest Musicians” published by Starlev Publishing, Lvov, Ukraine 2015. She also regularly paints icons in Byzantine tradition and teaches icon painting at the Prosopon School of Iconology in New York City. In addition to her illustration, design, icon painting and teaching work, Valerie is an experienced historical antiques restoration specialist and decorative theater artist. Currently she teaches design, typography and illustration at CUNY University of NY. Valerie lives in Brooklyn, New York, with her husband Alex, daughter Nikkie and a friendly wild gecko in the basement.
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (
Armenian Genocide | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Armenian Genocide
00:02:02 1 Terminology
00:06:55 2 Background
00:07:04 2.1 Armenians under Ottoman rule
00:10:42 2.2 Reform, 1840s–1880s
00:15:41 2.3 Armenian national liberation movement
00:16:43 2.4 Hamidian massacres, 1894–1896
00:19:16 3 Prelude to the Genocide
00:19:26 3.1 The Young Turk Revolution of 1908
00:21:07 3.2 The Adana massacre of 1909
00:22:08 3.3 Conflict in the Balkans and Russia
00:23:49 4 World War I
00:25:15 4.1 Labour battalions
00:26:46 4.2 Van, April 1915
00:28:45 4.3 Arrest and deportation of Armenian notables, April 1915
00:30:20 4.4 Deportations
00:32:30 4.4.1 Death marches
00:36:36 4.4.2 Concentration camps
00:38:31 4.5 The Special Organization
00:39:46 4.6 Massacres
00:39:55 4.6.1 Mass burnings
00:41:11 4.6.2 Drowning
00:42:48 4.6.3 Use of poison and drug overdoses
00:45:13 4.7 Confiscation of property
00:48:33 4.8 Trials
00:48:41 4.8.1 Turkish courts-martial
00:51:12 4.8.2 Detainees in Malta
00:53:29 4.8.3 Trial of Soghomon Tehlirian
00:54:27 4.9 International aid to victims
00:55:43 5 Armenian population, deaths, survivors, 1914 to 1923
00:58:33 6 Eyewitness accounts and reports
00:59:32 6.1 The U.S. Mission in the Ottoman Empire
01:01:25 6.1.1 Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
01:02:21 6.2 Allied forces in the Middle East
01:04:01 6.2.1 Arnold Toynbee: iThe Treatment of Armenians/i
01:05:06 6.3 Austrian and German joint mission
01:11:53 6.3.1 Armin T. Wegner
01:13:28 6.4 Ottoman Empire and Turkey
01:21:23 6.5 Russian military
01:22:10 6.6 Scandinavian missionaries and diplomats
01:27:11 6.7 Persia
01:28:27 7 Studies on the Genocide
01:31:38 8 Recognition of the Genocide
01:34:14 8.1 Republic of Turkey and the Genocide
01:38:01 8.1.1 Controversies
01:44:41 8.2 The Republic of Armenia and the Genocide
01:46:09 9 Cultural loss
01:48:02 10 Reparations to the victims
01:48:12 10.1 Reparations on the grounds of international law
01:50:51 10.2 Sèvres Treaty
01:51:33 10.3 Lawsuits
01:52:15 11 Commemoration
01:52:24 11.1 Memorials
01:54:14 11.2 Portrayal in the media
01:58:34 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Armenian Genocide (Armenian: Հայոց ցեղասպանություն, Hayots tseghaspanutyun), also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians, mostly citizens within the Ottoman Empire. The starting date is conventionally held to be 24 April 1915, the day that Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported from Constantinople (now Istanbul) to the region of Ankara 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders, the majority of whom were eventually murdered. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases—the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly, and the infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian Desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and massacre. Other ethnic groups were similarly targeted for extermination in the Assyrian genocide and the Greek genocide, and their treatment is considered by some historians to be part of the same genocidal policy. Most Armenian diaspora communities around the world came into being as a direct result of the genocide.Raphael Lemkin was moved specifically by the annihilation of the Armenians to define systematic and premeditated exterminations within legal parameters and coin the word genocide in 1943. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides, because scholars point to the organized manner in which the killings were carried out. It is the second most-studied case of genocide after the Holocaust.Turkey denies the word genocide is an accurate term for these crimes. In recent years, Turkey has been faced with repeated calls ...
Kabul
Kabul (Kābul) (/ˈkɑːbəl/, /ˈkɑːbuːl/; Pashto: کابل Kābəl, IPA: [kɑˈbəl]; Persian: کابل, Kābol, IPA: [kɒːˈbol]), also spelled Cabool, Caubul, Kabol, or Cabul, is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. It is also the capital of Kabul Province, located in the eastern section of Afghanistan. According to a 2012 estimate, the population of the city was around 3,289,000, which included Tajiks, Pashtuns, Hazaras and smaller numbers of Afghans belonging to other ethnic groups. It is the 64th largest and the 5th fastest growing city in the world.
Kabul is over 3,500 years old and many empires have controlled the city which is at a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia. It has been ruled by the Median Empire, Achaemenid Empire, Seleucid Empire, Maurya Empire, Kushan Empire, the Saffarids, Ghaznavids, and Ghurids. Later it was controlled by the Mughal Empire, Afsharid dynasty, Durrani Empire, British Empire and the Soviet Union.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
History of Kabul | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Kabul
00:02:17 1 Toponymy
00:02:37 2 History
00:02:46 2.1 Antiquity
00:07:58 2.2 Islamization and Mongol invasion
00:09:57 2.3 Timurid and Mughal era
00:11:59 2.4 Durrani Empire
00:13:55 2.5 20th century
00:18:41 2.6 Soviet occupation
00:23:23 2.7 Civil war and Taliban era
00:25:52 2.8 21st century
00:28:10 3 Geography
00:29:25 3.1 Climate
00:30:23 3.2 Environment
00:31:29 3.3 Districts
00:32:46 3.4 Places of interest
00:36:44 4 Demographics
00:40:07 5 Sports
00:40:53 6 Government and politics
00:41:59 7 Economy and infrastructure
00:44:13 7.1 Development planning
00:45:02 7.2 Communications
00:46:35 8 Transportation
00:46:44 8.1 Air
00:47:36 8.2 Rail
00:48:06 8.3 Road
00:51:46 8.4 Taxis
00:52:06 8.5 Buses and trolleybuses
00:53:42 9 Education
00:55:19 9.1 Universities
00:55:48 10 Health care
00:56:54 11 Twin towns – sister cities
00:57:22 12 See also
00:57:43 13 References and footnotes
00:57:53 14 Further reading
00:59:15 15 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kabul (Persian: کابل, translit. Kābol, Pashto: کابل, translit. Kābəl) is the capital of Afghanistan and its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country. It is also a municipality, forming part of the greater Kabul Province. According to estimates in 2015, the population of Kabul is 4.635 million, which includes all the major ethnic groups. Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world's 75th largest city.Kabul is located high up in a narrow valley between the Hindu Kush mountains, with an elevation of 1,790 metres (5,873 ft) making it one of the highest capitals in the world. The city is said to be over 3,500 years old, mentioned since at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire. It is at a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road. It has been part of the Achaemenids followed by the Seleucids, Mauryans, Kushans, Kabul Shahis, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khwarazmians, Qarlughids, Khaljis, Timurids, Mughals, and Hotaks, until finally becoming part of the Durrani Empire (also known as the Afghan Empire) in 1747. Kabul became the capital of Afghanistan in 1776, during the reign of Timur Shah Durrani, the son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
In the early 19th century, the British occupied the city but after establishing foreign relations they were compelled to withdraw all forces from Afghanistan. The city was occupied by the Soviets in 1979 but they too abandoned it after the 1988 Geneva Accords were signed. A civil war in the 1990s between various rebel groups destroyed much of the city, resulting in many casualties.Kabul is known for its gardens, bazaars, and palaces. It was also formerly a mecca for young western hippies. Since the removal of the Taliban from power in late 2001, the city began rebuilding itself with assistance from the international community. Despite the many terrorist attacks by anti-state elements, the city is developing and was the fifth fastest-growing city in the world as of 2012. The city is divided into 22 districts.
Kabul | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kabul
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kabul (Persian: کابل, translit. Kābol, Pashto: کابل, translit. Kābəl) is the capital of Afghanistan and its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country. It is also a municipality, forming part of the greater Kabul Province. According to estimates in 2015, the population of Kabul is 4.635 million, which includes all the major ethnic groups. Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world's 75th largest city.Kabul is located high up in a narrow valley between the Hindu Kush mountains, with an elevation of 1,790 metres (5,873 ft) making it one of the highest capitals in the world. The city is said to be over 3,500 years old, mentioned since at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire. It is at a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road. It has been part of the Achaemenids followed by the Seleucids, Mauryans, Kushans, Kabul Shahis, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khwarazmians, Qarlughids, Khaljis, Timurids, Mughals, and Hotaks, until finally becoming part of the Durrani Empire (also known as the Afghan Empire) in 1747. Kabul became the capital of Afghanistan in 1776, during the reign of Timur Shah Durrani, the son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
In the early 19th century, the British occupied the city but after establishing foreign relations they were compelled to withdraw all forces from Afghanistan. The city was occupied by the Soviets in 1979 but they too abandoned it after the 1988 Geneva Accords were signed. A civil war in the 1990s between various rebel groups destroyed much of the city, resulting in many casualties.Kabul is known for its gardens, bazaars, and palaces. It was also formerly a mecca for young western hippies. Since the removal of the Taliban from power in late 2001, the city began rebuilding itself with assistance from the international community. Despite the many terrorist attacks by anti-state elements, the city is developing and was the fifth fastest-growing city in the world as of 2012. The city is divided into 22 districts.
Kabul | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:15 1 Toponymy
00:02:35 2 History
00:02:43 2.1 Antiquity
00:05:58 2.2 Islamization and Mongol invasion
00:07:37 2.3 Timurid and Mughal era
00:08:51 2.4 Durrani Empire
00:10:43 2.5 20th century
00:14:49 2.6 Soviet occupation, civil war and Taliban rule
00:19:50 2.7 21st century
00:22:10 3 Geography
00:23:24 3.1 Climate
00:24:19 3.2 Environment
00:25:27 3.3 Districts
00:26:46 3.4 Places of interest
00:30:40 4 Demographics
00:34:01 5 Sports
00:34:36 6 Government and politics
00:35:40 7 Economy and infrastructure
00:37:49 7.1 Development planning
00:38:36 7.2 Communications
00:40:05 8 Transportation
00:40:14 8.1 Air
00:41:04 8.2 Rail
00:41:34 8.3 Road
00:45:08 8.4 Taxis
00:45:28 8.5 Buses and trolleybuses
00:47:03 9 Education
00:48:37 9.1 Universities
00:49:06 10 Health care
00:50:08 11 Twin towns – sister cities
00:50:41 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9666387209108371
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kabul (Persian: کابل, romanized: Kābol, Pashto: کابل, romanized: Kābəl) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, located in the eastern section of the country. It is also a municipality, forming part of the greater Kabul Province. According to estimates in 2019, the population of Kabul is 5.266 million, which includes all the major ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world's 75th largest city.Kabul is located high up in a narrow valley between the Hindu Kush mountains, with an elevation of 1,790 metres (5,873 ft) making it one of the highest capitals in the world. The city is said to be over 3,500 years old, mentioned since at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire. It is at a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road. It has been part of the Achaemenids followed by the Seleucids, Greco Bactrians, Indo Greeks, Kushans, Kabul Shahis, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khwarazmians, Qarlughids, Khaljis, Timurids, Mughals, and Hotaks, until finally becoming part of the Durrani Empire (also known as the Afghan Empire) in 1747. Kabul became the capital of Afghan Empire in 1776, during the reign of Timur Shah Durrani, the son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
In the early 19th century, the British occupied the city but after establishing foreign relations they were compelled to withdraw all forces from Afghanistan. The city was occupied by the Soviets in 1979 but they too abandoned it after the 1988 Geneva Accords were signed. A civil war in the 1990s between various rebel groups destroyed much of the city, resulting in many casualties.Kabul is known for its gardens, bazaars, and palaces. It was also formerly a mecca for young western hippies. Since the removal of the Taliban from power in late 2001, the city began rebuilding itself with assistance from the international community. Despite the many terrorist attacks by anti-state elements, the city is developing and was the fifth fastest-growing city in the world as of 2012. The city is divided into 22 districts.
Kabul | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kabul
00:02:17 1 Toponymy
00:02:37 2 History
00:02:46 2.1 Antiquity
00:07:58 2.2 Islamization and Mongol invasion
00:09:57 2.3 Timurid and Mughal era
00:11:59 2.4 Durrani Empire
00:13:55 2.5 20th century
00:18:41 2.6 Soviet occupation
00:23:23 2.7 Civil war and Taliban era
00:25:52 2.8 21st century
00:28:10 3 Geography
00:29:25 3.1 Climate
00:30:23 3.2 Environment
00:31:29 3.3 Districts
00:32:46 3.4 Places of interest
00:36:44 4 Demographics
00:40:07 5 Sports
00:40:53 6 Government and politics
00:41:59 7 Economy and infrastructure
00:44:13 7.1 Development planning
00:45:02 7.2 Communications
00:46:35 8 Transportation
00:46:44 8.1 Air
00:47:36 8.2 Rail
00:48:06 8.3 Road
00:51:46 8.4 Taxis
00:52:06 8.5 Buses and trolleybuses
00:53:42 9 Education
00:55:19 9.1 Universities
00:55:48 10 Health care
00:56:54 11 Twin towns – sister cities
00:57:22 12 See also
00:57:43 13 References and footnotes
00:57:53 14 Further reading
00:59:15 15 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kabul (Persian: کابل, translit. Kābol, Pashto: کابل, translit. Kābəl) is the capital of Afghanistan and its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country. It is also a municipality, forming part of the greater Kabul Province. According to estimates in 2015, the population of Kabul is 4.635 million, which includes all the major ethnic groups. Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world's 75th largest city.Kabul is located high up in a narrow valley between the Hindu Kush mountains, with an elevation of 1,790 metres (5,873 ft) making it one of the highest capitals in the world. The city is said to be over 3,500 years old, mentioned since at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire. It is at a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road. It has been part of the Achaemenids followed by the Seleucids, Mauryans, Kushans, Kabul Shahis, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khwarazmians, Qarlughids, Khaljis, Timurids, Mughals, and Hotaks, until finally becoming part of the Durrani Empire (also known as the Afghan Empire) in 1747. Kabul became the capital of Afghanistan in 1776, during the reign of Timur Shah Durrani, the son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
In the early 19th century, the British occupied the city but after establishing foreign relations they were compelled to withdraw all forces from Afghanistan. The city was occupied by the Soviets in 1979 but they too abandoned it after the 1988 Geneva Accords were signed. A civil war in the 1990s between various rebel groups destroyed much of the city, resulting in many casualties.Kabul is known for its gardens, bazaars, and palaces. It was also formerly a mecca for young western hippies. Since the removal of the Taliban from power in late 2001, the city began rebuilding itself with assistance from the international community. Despite the many terrorist attacks by anti-state elements, the city is developing and was the fifth fastest-growing city in the world as of 2012. The city is divided into 22 districts.