'Father of The Bicycle Industry' - James Starley 1831-1881
Stone Carving by Ben Dearnley 2013
James Starley (21 April 1830 – 17 June 1881)[1] was an English inventor and father of the bicycle industry. He was one of the most innovative and successful builders of bicycles and tricycles. His inventions include the differential gear and the perfection of the bicycle chain drive.
Early life:
Starley was born in 1830 at Albourne, Sussex,[2] the son of Daniel Starley, a farmer. He began working on the farm at nine, showing early talent as an inventor by making a rat trap from an umbrella rip and a branch of a willow tree.[2] He ran away from home as a teenager and went to Lewisham, in south London. There he worked as an under-gardener, in his spare time mending watches and creating devices such as a mechanism to allow a duck to get through a hole in a fence, closing a door behind it if a rat tried to follow.[2]
Adult life:
Starley's employer, John Penn, bought a rare and expensive sewing machine. Starley mended it when it broke down and improved the mechanism. Penn knew Josiah Turner, a partner of Newton, Wilson and Company, the makers of the machine, and in 1859 Starley joined its factory in Holborn. Turner and Starley started their own Coventry Sewing Machine Company in Coventry around 1861.[2] Turner's nephew brought a new French bone-shaker to the factory in 1868. The company started making bicycles and Coventry soon became the centre of the British bicycle industry.
Velocipedes (cycles) had wheels of increasingly disparate size, with the front growing ever larger than the rear. Notable were the high-wheelers, or penny-farthings, a version of which Starley made with William Hillman. Their Ariel vehicle was all-metal and had wire-spoked wheels, much lighter than wooden-spoke ones. Tangent spokes were patented in 1874. Lever-driven and chain-driven tricycles, often in strange configurations, were also devised for women and couples.
Starley, then aging, found it difficult to ride a tricycle sociable with his son, James, in the other saddle. They could not steer because one was stronger than the other. The historian Edward Lyte wrote: Each rider of the sociable drove his own big wheel independently, so the course of the machine along the road was rather variable. One day Starley cried 'I have it!' and dismounted. He sat down to a cup of tea and forthwith invented the differential gear that is now incorporated in the back axle of every car. It was a Saturday. At 6am on the Monday the prototype was being made and at 8am Starley was stepping on to the London train to register patent No. 3388,1877.[2][3]
STONE CARVING
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during our prehistory.
Work carried out by paleolithic societies to create flint tools is more often referred to as knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often referred to as lettering. The process of removing stone from the earth is called mining or quarrying.
Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.
United States:
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/əˈmɛrɪkə/), is a federal republic[16][17] composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.[fn 6] Forty-eight states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.[19]
At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2)[20] and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area,[fn 7] and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city is New York City; twelve other major metropolitan areas—each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants—are Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Miami, Atlanta, Boston, San Francisco, Phoenix, and Riverside.
James Starley - Father of the Bicycle Industry 1830 – 1881
James Starley (21 April 1830 – 17 June 1881)[1] was an English inventor and father of the bicycle industry. He was one of the most innovative and successful builders of bicycles and tricycles. His inventions include the differential gear and the perfection of the bicycle chain drive.....
STONE CARVING
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during our prehistory....
Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.
Europe:
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits.[5] Yet the non-oceanic boundary between Europe and Asia—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—is arbitrary and amounts to a historical and social construct.
Canada:
Canada (/ˈkænədə/; French: [kanadɑ]) is a country which is located in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area, and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southern areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
United States:
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/əˈmɛrɪkə/), is a federal republic[16][17] composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.[fn 6] Forty-eight states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.[19]
At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2)[20] and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area,[fn 7] and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city is New York City; twelve other major metropolitan areas—each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants—are Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Miami, Atlanta, Boston, San Francisco, Phoenix, and Riverside.
Coventry Wikipedia travel guide video. Created by http://stupeflix.com
Create your own video on ! The
Precinct in Coventry city centre. The spire of the ruined cathedral is
visible in the background. View of Coventry from Baginton. The ruins of
the old Cathedral. Two of Coventry's three spires. The Whittle Arch
outside the Transport Museum, named after Frank Whittle. Statue of Lady
Godiva. Statue commemorating James Starley. Coventry's skyline.
Coventry Canal Basin. Incineration plant, Coventry. The Council House,
Coventry.
In The Rover Tradition Reel One (1950-1959)
Establishing shots of Midlands, agricultural countryside, Ann Hathaway's cottage, Oldie English cottages, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre across river Avon, stone built village and postman crossing bridge, Wheelwright's shop and interior hammering red hot metal rod. Interior modern iron works mechanically beating larger metal shaft. Modern power plant with cornfield in foreground. Ext. Solihull factory with workers leaving.
B.& W. Section. Statue in Coventry to James Starley. Penny farthing bicycle pan to old safety bicycle. Archive shots of women and men on bicycles. City street full of horse drawn carriages, early motor car in the horse drawn traffic. 1905 catalogue of Rover cars, priced at £200. Ladies in period dresses. Two seater racing cars pass camera. Stills of 8 h.p. one cylinder cars. Pamphlet title THROUGH THE BALKANS On a Motor Car. More shots of two seater racing cars. Stills of 1907 Rover, winner of 1907 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy.
1909 Rover driven on modern road. Rover's on hill climbs between 1910 and 1920. Stills of Rover Motor Bikes, and shots of Isle of Man 1913 race and the Caerphilly hill climb. 1920's fashion at race meeting and unnamed Rover car of the period also shot of the Doctors Car. Model of Viking mascot used by Rover. The 1924 Rover driven down country lane. 1930,s miners march to London and busy traffic in front of Bank of England.
Rover publications of the period. 1950,s traffic and Rover sales yard selling 1930,s models.
W.W.II. Shots of Rover's Coventry factory on fire. Cromwell Tank on trial with Rover Meteor Engines, and Hercules and Lysander aircraft fly past. Int. Rover factory building jet aircraft engine. Camera films jet plane flying past [unnamed]. End of B.& W.
1950's Landrover drives out of factory, WS. Wimpy Landrover driving over building site, it stops and workers climb on back. THE ROVER COMPANY Ltd sign pan to 1950 Rover driving past. Int. factory engineers working on a gas turbine engine Jet One. Development model drives out of factory. The T3 drives down country road.
Chauffeur driven Rover pulls up outside of smart London house. An elegant lady gets into another Rover and is driven away. Great shot of new 3 Lt. Rover in front of Elegant Georgian House with horse in driveway, from behind the car a man appears, bends down and polishes the car top. It is a model car being photographed for an advertisement. More shots as the car is repositioned for another shot. [End of reel One.]
FILM ID:2269.01
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Coventry | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:44 1 History
00:03:35 1.1 Industrial age
00:05:27 1.2 Nazi bombing of Coventry
00:07:52 1.3 Post-Second World War
00:12:16 2 Geography
00:12:24 2.1 Climate
00:13:10 2.2 City boundaries
00:13:53 2.3 Suburbs and other surrounding areas
00:14:03 2.4 Nearby places
00:14:12 2.5 Places of interest
00:14:20 2.5.1 Cathedral
00:16:14 2.5.2 Cultural institutions
00:18:17 3 Demography
00:21:42 4 Government and politics
00:21:51 4.1 Local and national government
00:24:34 4.2 Council affiliation
00:24:47 4.3 Twinning with other cities; city of peace and reconciliation
00:25:36 5 Arts and culture
00:25:58 5.1 Literature and drama
00:28:01 5.2 Music and cinema
00:29:59 5.3 Customs and traditions
00:30:15 6 Venues
00:33:25 7 Sport
00:33:33 7.1 Football
00:35:19 7.2 Rugby Union
00:37:11 7.3 Rugby League
00:38:08 7.4 Pro Wrestling
00:38:24 7.5 Speedway
00:40:54 7.6 Ice hockey
00:42:27 7.7 Stock car racing
00:43:15 7.8 Cricket
00:43:55 7.9 Athletics
00:45:15 7.10 Field hockey
00:46:25 7.11 Other
00:46:55 8 Economy
00:50:08 8.1 Redevelopment
00:51:29 8.2 Media
00:51:37 8.2.1 Radio
00:51:57 8.2.2 Written media
00:52:16 8.2.3 Television news
00:52:33 8.2.4 Digital-only media
00:52:47 8.3 Transport
00:55:45 8.4 Waste management
00:56:42 9 Accent
00:56:50 9.1 Origins
00:57:38 9.2 Coventry and Birmingham accents
00:58:52 9.3 Coventry accent on television
00:59:39 10 Honours
00:59:57 11 Education
01:00:06 11.1 Universities and further education colleges
01:01:08 11.2 Schools
01:03:53 12 Notable people associated with Coventry
01:04:04 12.1 History and politics
01:05:20 12.2 Science, technology and business
01:06:52 12.3 The arts
01:08:29 12.4 Sport
01:09:21 13 Freedom of the City
01:09:36 13.1 Individuals
01:09:57 13.2 Military Units
01:10:12 14 See also
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SUMMARY
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Coventry ( (listen) KOV-ən-tree or KUV-) is a city, administrative centre and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.
Historically part of Warwickshire, at the 2011 census Coventry had a population of 316,915, making it the 9th largest city in England and the 12th largest in the United Kingdom. It is the second largest city in the West Midlands region, after Birmingham, and although proximite to the West Midlands conurbation, it is just outside it.
Coventry is 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Leicester, 11 miles (18 km) north of Warwick and 94 miles (151 km) northwest of London. Coventry is also the most central city in England, being only 11 miles (18 km) south-southwest of the country's geographical centre in Leicestershire and is located in the West Midlands.
The current Coventry Cathedral was built after the majority of the 14th century cathedral church of Saint Michael was destroyed by the Luftwaffe in the Coventry Blitz of 14 November 1940. Coventry motor companies have contributed significantly to the British motor industry. The city has three universities, Coventry University in the city centre, the University of Warwick on the southern outskirts and the smaller private Arden University, headquartered close to Coventry Airport.
On 7 December 2017, the city won the title of UK City of Culture 2021, after beating Paisley, Stoke-on-Trent, Swansea and Sunderland to the title. They will be the third title holder, of the quadrennial award which began in 2013.