FAROL DE SANTA MARTA EM LAGUNA-SC BRASIL
Farol de Santa Marta é um farol localizado no cabo de mesmo nome, em Laguna, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A estrutura é uma torre quadrada, em pedra, que possui lanterna e galeria. Suas paredes possuem 2 metros de espessura.
O farol eleva-se em meio a um grupo de casas térreas de faroleiros e outros edifícios.
Além de ser localizado no ponto mais oriental da região, desde o século XIX o farol serviu para guiar as embarcações para longe da famosa Pedra (ou Parcel) do Campo Bom. Apesar disso, alguns naufrágios chegaram a ocorrer.
Características
No topo de um morro, num pequeno promontório, a 45 metros acima do nível do mar, está localizado o Farol, a maior atração local. Com 29 metros de altura, é um dos mais potentes do Brasil em alcance e serve como guia para os navios que se aproximam do Cabo. No período noturno, a iluminação do Farol chama a atenção.
O seu alcance é de quarenta e seis milhas náuticas (oitenta e cinco quilômetros).
Hiper-radiante de Fresnel
Lente do farol.
Possui uma lente ótica hiper-radiante de Fresnel de 1 330 mm de distancia focal, do construtor francês Barbier & Bénard, a única no Brasil e uma das poucas ainda em funcionamento em todo o mundo. No Brasil existem ainda outras duas óticas deste tipo, mas de ordem inferior, meso-radiantes, de 1 125 mm de distância focal, no Farol de Abrolhos, estado da Bahia, e no Farol da Ilha Rasa, no Rio de Janeiro. Essas duas lentes são as únicas meso-radiais construídas no mundo, que se tenha conhecimento. São maiores que as lentes de 1ª Ordem (920 mm), mas menores que as Hiper-radiantes (1 330 mm)
Balizamento aeronáutico
O Farol de Santa Marta possui um radiofarol não direcional (NDB) para balizamento aeronáutico. Com a frequência de 310 kHz e identificada com a sigla SW (Cabo de Santa Marta) nas cartas aeronáuticas. Faz o balizamento da aerovia W14 ligando as áreas de Controle Terminal de Porto Alegre e de Florianópolis
História
Projetado pelos franceses Barbier Bernard e Turenne, e inaugurado em 11 de junho de 1891, foi erguido com pedra, areia, barro e óleo de baleia.
Atrações
Localizado no município de Laguna, o Cabo de Santa Marta é uma das praias com melhor visual de Santa Catarina. Os turistas costumam apreciar a beleza na areia da Prainha, tranquila e muito freqüentada por surfistas.
Além do Farol e a Capela localizado ao seu lado, próximo a Prainha existem enormes sambaquis, sítios arqueológicos onde as populações pré-históricas usavam como depósito de resíduos. As outras praias do Cabo de Santa Marta são a de Cardoso, a Cigana e a Praia Grande. Na Cigana, pode-se praticar sand board nas dunas. Todas são indicadas para banho e surfe.
Saindo do Farol para o centro de Laguna, encontra-se dois museus em homenagem a uma grande personalidade da cidade, Anita Garibaldi. Um dos museus, que era sua casa, conta a história da brava Anita na Guerra dos Farrapos e também na Itália.
Surf
O Cabo de Santa Marta possui 11 praias em que o surf é praticado, como segue: Cigana - Direitas e esquerdas perfeitas com fundo de areia; Cardoso - Direitas e esquerdas quilométricas, famoso por suas ondas nos grandes swells; Praia do Meio - Pequena praia no coração do Farol de Santa Marta, muito badalada entre os surfistas nativos; Santa Marta Grande.
Boemia
A noite do Farol de Santa Marta já foi agitada, com bares e grande movimentação. Atualmente, com a chegada de turistas e suas famílias, a noite no farol está mais calma...
Há opções de restaurantes e pizzarias
Informações
Acesso: Laguna está há 118 km de Florianópolis. O acesso é pela rodovia BR-101, até o trevo de Laguna. Pode-se chegar até ao farol, distante 17 km do centro de Laguna, através do Canal da Barra, uma travessia de balsa de mil metros, que funciona 24h por dia, e depois pela rodovial estadual SC-100.
Dinheiro: No local não há banco, portanto vá preparado com dinheiro ou utilize os caixas eletrônicos no centro de Laguna.
Aberto ao público: o acesso ao farol é livre.
Equinócio de Outono - Ilhas Míticas
Raízes da Cultura Popular -- Arquétipos e Mitos
1º Episódio -- Equinócio de Outono
O tema central deste episódio é o da preocupação com a Morte (da Terra e do Homem) e a procura de meios de minorar as suas consequências, enaltecendo a mulher, como fonte de vida. Na Grécia as atenções dirigiam-se para Demeter e para o Mar, também como meio de ligação entre diferentes dimensões.
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Episode 1
The underlying figure of the Autumn Equinox is the sacred feminine emphasized in Classical Greece for having brought together several other similar manifestations: the Myth of Demeter /Persephone. This mythology is preceded by rites of passage and entry in the sacred time, using the sea as an element of transition.
Por que GOIÁS é o MELHOR ESTADO do Brasil?
Mais do que um Estado do centro-oeste brasileiro, Goiás é um lugar que não desanima nenhum turista quando o assunto é diversidade e belezas naturais. Por isso dá o play e vem comigo que hoje é dia de descobrir um monte de coisa sobre esse pedaço do paraíso.
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Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈminɐz ʒeˈɾajs]) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte, is a major urban and finance center in Latin America, and is the sixth largest municipality in Brazil, after the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Brasilia and Fortaleza, but its metropolitan area is the third largest in Brazil with just over 5,500,000 inhabitants, after those of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of presidents of Brazil; Brazil's current president, Dilma Rousseff, born in Belo Horizonte, is one of them.
With an area of 586,528 square kilometres (226,460 sq mi) (larger than Metropolitan France) it is the fourth most extensive state in Brazil. The main producer of coffee and milk in the country, Minas Gerais is known for its heritage of architecture and colonial art in historical cities such as São João del-Rei, Congonhas, Ouro Preto, Diamantina, Tiradentes and Mariana. In the south, the tourist points are the hydro mineral spas, such as Caxambu, São Lourenço, Poços de Caldas, São Thomé das Letras, Monte Verde and the national parks of Caparaó and Canastra. The landscape of the State is marked by mountains, valleys, and large areas of fertile lands. In the Serra do Cipó, Sete Lagoas, Cordisburgo and Lagoa Santa, the caves and waterfalls are the attractions. Some of Brazil's most famous caverns are located there. In recent years, the state has emerged as one of the largest economic forces of Brazil, exploring its great economic potential.
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ENTREVISTA com João Carlos Moreno (Juca)
Você conhece o arqueólogo João Carlos Moreno de Sousa, o Juca? Ele é especialista em artefatos líticos lascados e entende tudo de Arqueologia Experimental. Mas o que é isso?? Quer saber mais e entender o que ele faz?
A arqueóloga Cristiane Amarante entrevistou o Juca e ele nos contou sobre sua profissão e sua experiência. Confira!
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___________________________________________________________
João Carlos Moreno de Sousa, o Juca, tem 28 anos de idade, nasceu em Bogotá (Colômbia) e hoje reside na cidade de São Pedro, interior de São Paulo.
Cursou graduação em Arqueologia no Instituto Goiano de Pré-Historia e Antropologia (IGPA) da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC GO), na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás.
Fez seu mestrado cuja pesquisa foi análise e comparação de indústrias líticas Itaparica, Umbu e de Lagoa Santa no Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (MAE) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP).
Hoje em dia, dedica-se ao doutorado na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e sua tese é intitulada “Tecnologia de Ponta: Mudanças tecnológicas durante o Holoceno em indústrias líticas do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil.
Também realizou doutorado-sanduíche na University of Exeter, na Inglaterra, e é bolsista do Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche (PDSE) da CAPES.
____________________________________________________________
Na entrevista, o Juca conta por que escolheu a Arqueologia como profissão, mencionando sua paixão por coisas antigas e pelos estudos da evolução humana. Ele explica que o estudo de líticos (pedras) proporciona grandes informações e descobertas relevantes para a Arqueologia, e por isso ele se interessa tanto pelos estudos de líticos.
Ele nos conta como surgiu a ideia de fazer réplicas de artefatos líticos e fala para quais públicos ele os vende: educadores, museus, colecionadores, etc.
Juca também nos fala sobre seus três projetos na internet: o site Arqueologia e Pré-História, no qual publica textos próprios e de outros colaboradores sobre esse tema; o Arqueoréplicas, site aonde ele vende suas réplicas de artefatos líticos; e o canal Arqueologia em Ação, no qual ele divulga vídeos de entrevistas com arqueólogos e de outros assuntos relacionados à Arqueologia também.
Migration to the New World | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:36 1 The environment during the latest Pleistocene
00:01:54 1.1 Emergence and submergence of Beringia
00:03:13 1.2 Glaciers
00:05:08 1.3 Climate and biological environments
00:07:45 1.4 Environmental changes during deglaciation
00:09:34 2 Chronology and sources of migration
00:10:23 2.1 Chronology
00:13:17 2.1.1 Evidence for pre-LGM human presence
00:16:44 2.1.2 Genomic age estimates
00:19:00 2.2 Source populations
00:19:45 2.2.1 Human genomic models
00:23:18 2.2.2 HTLV-1 genomics
00:25:14 2.2.3 Physical anthropology
00:27:45 2.2.4 Stemmed points
00:28:16 3 Migration routes
00:28:25 3.1 Interior route
00:31:41 3.2 Pacific coastal route
00:36:38 3.2.1 East Asians: Paleoindians of the coast
00:37:52 3.2.2 Problems with evaluating coastal migration models
00:39:06 4 Y-DNA among South American and Alaskan natives
00:39:50 5 Other hypotheses
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The first settlement of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers first entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum.
These populations expanded south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and rapidly throughout both North and South America, by 14,000 years ago. The earliest populations in the Americas, before roughly 10,000 years ago, are known as Paleo-Indians.
The peopling of the Americas is a long-standing open question, and while advances in archaeology, Pleistocene geology, physical anthropology, and DNA analysis have shed progressively more light on the subject, significant questions remain unresolved. While there is general agreement that the Americas were first settled from Asia, the pattern of migration, its timing, and the place(s) of origin in Eurasia of the peoples who migrated to the Americas remain unclear.The prevalent migration models outline different time frames for the Asian migration from the Bering Straits and subsequent dispersal of the founding population throughout the continent. Indigenous peoples of the Americas have been linked to Siberian populations by linguistic factors, the distribution of blood types, and in genetic composition as reflected by molecular data, such as DNA.The Clovis first theory refers to the 1950s hypothesis that the Clovis culture represents the earliest human presence in the Americas, beginning about 13,000 years ago; evidence of pre-Clovis cultures has accumulated since 2000, pushing back the possible date of the first peopling of the Americas to about 13,200–15,500 years ago.
Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌbɛloɾiˈzõtʃi]; Beautiful Horizon) is the sixth largest city in Brazil, the thirteenth largest city in South America and the sixteen largest city in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, ranked as the third most populous metropolitan area in Brazil, the eighteenth most populous in the Americas and the thirty-seventh largest in the world. Belo Horizonte is the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil's second most populous state.
The region was first settled in the early 18th century, but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s, in order to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais. The city features a mixture of contemporary and classical buildings, and is home to several modern Brazilian architectural icons, most notably the Pampulha Complex. In planning the city, Aarão Reis and Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban planning of Washington, D.C. The city has employed notable programs in urban revitalization and food security, for which it has been awarded international accolades.
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HISTORIA DE ROMA ???? LA ESPAÑA ROMANA,HISTORY,DISCOVER,DOCUMENTALES HISTORIA,DISCOVERY,DOCUMENTALES
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Clovis culture
The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture, named after distinct stone tools found at sites near Clovis, New Mexico, in the 1920s and 1930s. The Clovis culture appears around 11,500–11,000 uncal RCYBP, at the end of the last glacial period, and is characterized by the manufacture of Clovis points and distinctive bone and ivory tools. Archaeologists' most precise determinations at present suggest that this radiocarbon age is equal to roughly 13,200 to 12,900 calendar years ago. Clovis people are considered to be the ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of the Americas.
The only human burial that has been directly associated with tools from the Clovis culture included the remains of an infant boy named Anzick-1. Researchers from the United States and Europe conducted paleogenetic research on Anzick-1's ancient nuclear, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosome DNA. The results of these analyses reveal that Anzick-1 is closely related to modern Native American populations, which lends support to the Beringia hypothesis for the peopling of the Americas.
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Rio de Janeiro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rio de Janeiro
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈnejɾu]; River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and sixth-most populous in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea, by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. Later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal, who subsequently, in 1815, under the leadership of her son, the Prince Regent, and future King João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822, when the War of Brazilian Independence began. This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília.
Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, and 30th largest in the world in 2008, estimated at about R$343 billion (IBGE, 2008) (nearly US$201 billion). It is headquarters to Brazilian oil, mining, and telecommunications companies, including two of the country's major corporations – Petrobras and Vale – and Latin America's largest telemedia conglomerate, Grupo Globo. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. Despite the high perception of crime, the city has a lower incidence of crime than Northeast Brazil, but it is far more criminalized than the south region of Brazil, which is considered the safest in the country.Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, Carnival, samba, bossa nova, and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca, Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon. In addition to the beaches, some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Sambódromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the XV Pan American Games.