Race and ethnicity in Brazil
Brazilian society is made up of a confluence of people of several different origins, from the original Native Americans, with the influx of Portuguese colonizers, Black African slaves, and recent European, Arab, and Japanese immigration. Other significant groups include Koreans, Chinese, Paraguayans, and Bolivians.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazilian culture has promoted racial integration and mixing.
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48th Moris Fromkin Memorial Lecture, October 26, 2017
Afro-Brazilian YouTubers and Digital Social Justice Activism
Gladys Mitchell-Walthour, PhD
Assistant Professor of Public Policy & Political Economy
Department of Africology, UW-Milwaukee
Fromkin Research Grant
Demographics of Brazil
Brazil's population is very diverse, comprising many races and ethnic groups. In general, Brazilians trace their origins from four sources: Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians.
Brazil has conducted a periodical population census since 1872. Since 1940, this census has been carried out decennially. Scanned versions of the forms for each census distributed in Brazil since 1960 are available on-line from IPUMS International.
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Brazil femicide law signed by President Rousseff
Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff has signed a new law which sets tough new penalties for the killing of women and girls.
Murders linked to domestic violence will carry sentences of between 12 and 30 years.
President Rousseff said the new law sends a clear message to women that the state would protect them.
She said 15 women were killed daily in Brazil.
In other cases - such as the killing of a pregnant woman, a woman who's just given birth, girls under 14, or women over 60 - the new law provides for even longer jail terms.
The new legislation alters the criminal code to describe femicide as any crime that involves domestic violence, contempt or discrimination against women.
Similar legislation has been introduced in other Latin American countries such as El Salvador, which has the highest murder rate for women in the world.
The Representative of UN Women in Brazil, Nadine Gasman, said the law identifies femicide as a specific phenomena. This kind of law is preventive in nature.
The new legislation deepens legislation sanctioned in 2006 by President Rousseff's predecessor, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
Known as the Maria da Penha law, it paid tribute to Maria da Penha Maia, a woman whose ex-husband beat her for 14 years and attempted to murder her twice, leaving her paraplegic.
She is a notable figure in the movement for women's rights in Brazil.
The Maria da Penha law stated that aggressors were no longer to be punished with alternative sentences.
It increased the maximum sentence from one to three years.
It also ordered the removal of abusers from the home and banned them from proximity to the woman or children attacked.
During her term in office, President Rousseff has enacted other laws aimed at women and girls.
In August 2013, she signed legislation requiring all public hospitals to provide treatment against sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/Aids for rape victims.
It requires that victims be given access to emergency contraception, and in the case of pregnancy they have the right to an abortion, illegal in Brazil in most cases.
CHILE: SANTIAGO: LEADERS ARRIVE FOR SIXTH IBERO-AMERICAN SUMMIT
(10 Nov 1996) Spanish/Nat
The Presidents of Spain and Portugal have joined Latin American leaders gathering in Chile for the sixth Ibero-American summit.
They are expected to urge the United States to drop the Helms-Burton Act that tightens economic sanctions on Cuba.
And the attendance of Cuban leader Fidel Castro has provoked controversy with demonstrations both for and against Cuba's communist regime.
The summit will also focus on democratic reforms in the region as well as examining ways of forging closer ties between Latin America and the former colonial masters - Spain and Portugal.
In his first visit to Chile in 25 years, Cuban leader Fidel Castro received the full red carpet treatment on arrival at Santiago airport.
He was last here in 1972 during the leftist government of Salvador Allende.
The Cuban leader - who'd abandoned his customary military fatigues - was met by the Chilean economy minister, Alvaro Garcia and other government officials.
Castro - the one leader at this summit who was not elected - promises to be the centre of media attention at the summit.
It's unlikely though that the summit's final document will make any call for democratic reforms or respect for human rights in Cuba.
Castro was upbeat about his trip to Chile and the Ibero-American summit.
SOUNDBITE: (Spanish)
I bring the warmest sentiments of the Cuban people to the Chilean people. I hope that the summit will be a success for the honour and glory of Chile. My best wishes for your well-being and peace. Thank you.
SUPER CAPTION: Fidel Castro - Cuban leader
Left wing groups organised shows of support for the Cuban leader and hundreds lined the road from the airport with portraits of Castro, cheering as his blue sedan zoomed past.
One of his first ports of call was at the Hyatt Hotel for talks with Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo.
Castro's attendance at the summit also provoked an angry reaction from right-wing groups and visiting Cuban exiles who have staged protests sending a loud message about the communist leader's regime.
Security is extremely tight around the Cuban dictator as it was around the arrival of Spain's King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia .
The Spanish and Portuguese delegations were among the early arrivals Saturday.
The summit is expected to release a statement expressing a strong rejection of the Helms Burton Act.
The U-S legislation which tightens economic sanctions on Cuba has already been condemned by many countries as well as by the E-U.
The presence of Spain and Portugal at the summit is a bonus for Chile's President Eduardo Frei, who is hosting the meeting and it's the first time the prime ministers of Spain and Portugal have taken part in a summit of this kind.
But jet-lag seemed to have got the better of Portuguese president, Jorge Sampaio upon his arrival.
In his opening speech he unwittingly provided some light relief for the official welcoming party.
SOUNDBITE: (Spanish)
A very warm and friendly greeting to the Cuban people. Thank you. Chilean people - sorry! That is a bad joke to start the summit with.
SUPER CAPTION: Jorge Branco Sampaio - President of Portugal
The Ibero-American summit will focus on democratic reforms in the region - delegates will also examine ways of forging closer ties between Latin America and its former colonial masters Spain and Portugal.
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President Trump Delivers Remarks at the American Farm Bureau Federation's 100th Annual Convention
New Orleans, LA
Globalization and Psychedelics | Plantas Sagradas en las Américas
Speakers and presentations (This panel took place on February 23, 2018):
Enio Staub -Red Socio Ambiental Solidaria desde el uso ritual de la Ayahuasca.
Juarez Duarte Bonfim - Los indígenas brasileños como principales protagonistas en el uso de la Ayahuasca y sus debates públicos.
Maíra de Oliveira Dias - Patrimonialización y plantas sagradas: ayahuasca y jurema.
Brun González - Caminando en conjunto: la formación de la Red Psiquedélica Global.
Hilary Agro - Psicodélicos en el contexto canadiense: ¿recreación, medicina o apropiación?.
The Sacred Plants in the Americas conference was held on February 23, 24, and 25, 2018 in Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico. The conference had the purpose of building a bridge between indigenous and traditional psychoactive practices, psychedelic science, and drug policy through multidisciplinary and intercultural dialogue. In a context in which drug policy reforms are temporary, we consider it relevant to build spaces for discussion about psychoactive species and their growing multiplicity of uses. Moreover, it also sought to give voice to the indigenous people, who have been knowledgeable about psychoactive plants since ancient times, and they will be providing lectures at the conference.
El congreso Plantas Sagradas en las Américas se realizó los días 23, 24 y 25 de febrero del 2018 en Ajijic, Jalisco, México. Tuvo la finalidad de construir un puente entre las prácticas indígenas y tradicionales de psicoactivos, la ciencia psicodélica y las políticas de drogas; mediante el diálogo multidisciplinario e intercultural. En un contexto en que las reformas a las políticas de drogas son coyunturales, consideramos relevante construir espacios de discusión sobre las especies psicoactivas y su creciente multiplicidad de usos. Además se buscó dar voz a los indígenas, que han sido conocedores de las plantas psicoactivas desde tiempos ancestrales, por lo que ellos impartirán las conferencias magistrales durante el congreso.
Info
Plantas Sagradas en las Américas:
Drogas, Política y Cultura:
Chacruna:
Tourists from Uttarakhand are mesmerized by the great Tulip garden!
A short clip from the Jammu & Kashmir Tourism video series. This video series comprises of short interview clips in which Tourists speak of their experiences of Jammu and Kashmir.
Noam Chomsky - UCL Rickman Godlee Lecture 2011
Professor Noam Chomsky, UCL Rickman Godlee Lecture 2011 - Contours of global order: Domination, stability, security in a changing world. Playlist of lecture excerpts:
Further links:
Blog post on the event:
Audio of lecture:
Professor Chomsky's MIT page:
UCL is consistently ranked as one of the world's very best universities. As a multi-faculty, research-intensive university in central London, our research helps tackle global challenges and feeds directly into outstanding degree programmes. Visit us at ucl.ac.uk
Avetik by Don Askarian, Nabokov about Germans_See censored erotic takes on www.don-askarian.com
See censored erotic takes on don-askarian.comExplosiv, sex censored:
from film AVETIK by Don Askarian
Int.Film Fest.Rotterdam named Don Askarian: King of Cinema
Full version of the film order by donfilm@yahoo.com
About his films see don-askarian.am
Technical data:
35 mm, 1:1.66, 84 min, color. Germany, 1992..
Produced by Don Askarian in co-production with TV-NDR, Germany and FIAF, Armenia with support by Filmburo NW, Germany. Prizes: Special Prize of Int. Film Fest. in Mannheim'92; Main Prize for best direction Fugueira da Foz'93.© by Don Askarian.Prints in Armenian, German, Italian, Dutch, Japan.AVETIK is in many lists of best films of all times ; Avetik was treated as the best film of 1993 by critics like Peter W. Jansen.
Dali, Tarkovski, Bunuel, Deren ... Add Don Askarian to the ranks of this dream team. Askarian is capable of producing images that are unlike anything ever seen before, yet hit you with a primal immediacy.Giovanni Fazio, The Japan Times 25 March, 1995
The Harvard Film Archive about the film:
Hovering between the realms of poetry and history, this stunningly photographed, elegiac work-hot mostly in long takes-mixes cryptic metaphor and fantastic symbolism to tell the story of Avetik, an Armenian filmmaker exiled in Berlin. Director Askarian employs dreamlike images-a crumbling, ancient stone chapel gradually reduced to nothing by the rumbling vibrations of passing military vehicles; a ghostly cemetery of carved tombstones in which a woman takes a starving sheep in her arm and breast-feeds it back to life-to reflect the history of his homeland and shades of his own exile in Germany. In sensuous, lyric tableaux, Askarian explores German racism, the 1915 Armenian genocide, the disastrous earthquake of 1989, tranquil childhood memories, and images inspired by erotic medieval poetry.
CAST & CREDITS
Avetik
Alik Assatrian
Refugee
Karen Ganibekian
Armenian King
Samvel Ovasapian
Journalist
Geno Lechner
Commissioning Editor
Eberhard Scharfenberg, NDR
Camera
Gagik Avakian, Martin Gressmann,
Script writer, director, editor, art director
Don Askarian
Don Askarian
is a prize-winner at several international film festivals. In 1996 Don Askarian published his book The Dangerous Light. Every year the interest to his really very unique films grow up. More and more film festivals come to honor Don Askarian with retrospectives. Serious TV-stations like ARD, WDR, ZDF, Channel 4, Arte, but also Belgian, Greek, Swiss, Slovakian, Armenian etc. TV Channels are constant co-producers and buyers of all his films. The films of Don Askarian were sold and broadcasted world wide about 100 times. Don Askarian, honored with a Harvard Film Archive retrospective, is considered the greatest Armenian filmmaker (but he is Russian-German- Dutch too). In 2004 he received Golden Camera Award for Life Achievement at Int. ART Film Festival, Slovakia. It turns out to be clearer what Hans-Werner Dannowski, the president of Interfilm, meant in 1992: Time will pass until we recognize that Don Askarian is one of the most important filmmakers of our times. His movies will take up the time they need. Finally the films will have their success not with lies and assimilations but with truth. The retrospectives and special screenings around the world, on TV and important film festivals reflect it, mirror the growing interest in Don Askarian's films followed by a broad fascination by the audience.
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Japanese Prison | National Geographic
Locked Up Abroad: The Juggler Smuggler :
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Life in a Japanese prison is dominated by minute rules and regulations.
Japanese Prison | National Geographic
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President Reagan's Remarks at a Fundraising Dinner for Senator Paula Hawkins on May 27, 1985
Full Title: Trip to Florida, Senator Paula Hawkins Fundraiser, President Reagan remarks. International Ballroom Omni International Hotel in Miami on May 27, 1985
Creator(s): President (1981-1989 : Reagan). White House Television Office. 1/20/1981-1/20/1989 (Most Recent)
Series: Video Recordings, 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989
Collection: Records of the White House Television Office (WHTV) (Reagan Administration), 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989
Transcript:
Production Date: 5/27/1985
Access Restriction(s):Unrestricted
Use Restriction(s):Unrestricted
União do Vegetal 50 anos - Reportagem Sessão Especial Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia
Sessão Especial em homenagem aos 50 anos da União do Vegetal realizada na Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia em 4 de agosto de 2011. Matéria exibida no Canal Assembleia.
State Of The Union-Full Video- We Do Big Things
President Obama proposes a freeze annual domestic spending for the next five years. This would reduce the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, and will bring discretionary spending to the lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was president.
Brazil | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Brazil
00:03:45 1 Etymology
00:05:16 2 History
00:05:25 2.1 Pre-Cabraline era
00:07:24 2.2 Portuguese colonization
00:10:06 2.3 United Kingdom with Portugal
00:11:57 2.4 Independent empire
00:15:24 2.5 Early republic
00:18:31 2.6 Contemporary era
00:22:25 3 Geography
00:25:40 3.1 Climate
00:27:47 3.2 Biodiversity and environment
00:30:11 4 Government and politics
00:32:48 4.1 Law
00:34:53 4.2 Military
00:37:24 4.3 Foreign policy
00:39:33 4.4 Law enforcement and crime
00:41:23 4.5 Administrative divisions
00:42:58 5 Economy
00:47:32 5.1 Energy
00:48:23 5.2 Tourism
00:53:33 6 Infrastructure
00:53:42 6.1 Science and technology
00:56:15 6.2 Transport
01:00:15 6.3 Health
01:01:56 6.4 Education
01:03:44 6.5 Media and communication
01:05:47 7 Demographics
01:08:03 7.1 Race and ethnicity
01:11:07 7.2 Religion
01:13:40 7.3 Urbanization
01:14:28 7.4 Language
01:18:27 8 Culture
01:19:46 8.1 Architecture
01:21:28 8.2 Music
01:23:31 8.3 Literature
01:24:49 8.4 Cuisine
01:26:42 8.5 Cinema
01:28:52 8.6 Theatre
01:30:39 8.7 Visual arts
01:32:08 8.8 Sports
01:33:58 8.9 National holidays
01:34:07 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 209 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy. It has the eighth largest GDP in the world by both nominal and PPP measures. It is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. It is classified as an upper-middle income ec ...
Atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those enslaved that were transported to the New World, many on the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, were West Africans from the central and western parts of the continent sold by West Africans to Western European slave traders, or by direct European capture to the Americas. The numbers were so great that Africans who came by way of the slave trade became the most numerous Old-World immigrants in both North and South America before the late 18th century. Far more slaves were taken to South America than to the north. The South Atlantic economic system centered on producing commodity crops, and making goods and clothing to sell in Europe, and increasing the numbers of African slaves brought to the New World. This was crucial to those Western European countries which, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.
The Portuguese were the first to engage in the New World slave trade in the 16th century, and others soon followed. Ship owners considered the slaves as cargo to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible, there to be sold to labour in coffee, tobacco, cocoa, sugar and cotton plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, construction industry, cutting timber for ships, in skilled labour, and as domestic servants. The first Africans imported to the English colonies were classified as indentured servants, like workers coming from England, and also, apprentices for life. By the middle of the 17th century, slavery had hardened as a racial caste; they and their offspring were legally the property of their owners, and children born to slave mothers were slaves. As property, the people were considered merchandise or units of labour, and were sold at markets with other goods and services.
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President Obama, President Pinera Meet in Santiago
President Obama and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera speak to the media after meeting in Santiago, Chile. March 21, 2011.
Entierros ecológicos - semilla para un árbol
-Vampirel.la os habla de los entierros ecológicos, donde volvemos a la tierra de la forma mas natural, plantando árboles en lugar de lápidas y bosques en lugar de cementerios.
-La música es propiedad de epidemicsound
-Enlaces a los videos:
10 Reacciones del cuerpo despues de la muerte
Funerales ecológicos - Abono con cadáveres
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The Uprising 3 - Jon Björk
Good Things 3 - Jonatan Järpehag
Ten little Indians - Traditional
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-Canal de Vampirel.la2 con más contenido no dejes de visitarlo
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An Examination of Hispanic and Latino History
As part of their Documented Rights Exhibit, the National Archives at St. Louis hosted a distinguished panel of scholars and legal experts to discuss the historical significance of documents from the Hernandez v. Corpus Christi, Texas (1959) case. A sampling of these case documents are featured in the Documented Rights exhibition. This case involves discrimination against children with Spanish surnames who were required to attend Spanish language speaking public schools, even though they could not speak Spanish.
The panel was moderated by attorney and immigration law professor Dr. Richard T. Middleton at the University of Missouri at St. Louis. Legal experts John Ammann (St. Louis University Civil Advocacy Clinic), Kenneth K. Schmitt (U.S. Legal Solutions, LLC & Missouri Kansas Chapter of the American Immigration Lawyers Association), and Kristine Walentik (Catholic Immigration Law Project) were among the evenings speakers.
The panelists examined how the Hernandez case impacts current immigration law in Missouri and other parts of the United States. Attorneys Ammann and Schmitt also discussed recent legislation surrounding Missouri's current debate over the implementation of an English-only drivers exam. Meanwhile, Kristine Walentik shared information on free legal aid available to immigrants who qualify.
Contact the National Archives at St. Louis Public Programming at 314-801-0487 or Wanda Williams at 314-801-9313 for more information.
George H. W. Bush | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
George H. W. Bush
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a Congressman, Ambassador and Director of Central Intelligence. During his career in public service, he was known simply as George Bush; since 2001, he has often been referred to as George H. W. Bush, Bush 41, or George Bush Senior in order to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States. He is the nation's oldest living president and vice president, as well as the longest-lived American president in history.
A scion of the Bush family, he was born in Milton, Massachusetts to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U.S. Navy on his 18th birthday, and became the youngest aviator in the U.S. Navy at the time. He served until September 1945, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas, where he entered the oil business and became a millionaire by the age of 40 in 1964. Soon after founding his own oil company, Bush became involved in politics and won election to the House of Representatives from Texas' 7th district in 1966. In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed Bush as Ambassador to the United Nations, and in 1973, Bush became the Chairman of the Republican National Committee. The following year, President Gerald Ford appointed Bush as the ambassador to China and later reassigned Bush to the position of Director of Central Intelligence. Bush ran for president in 1980 but was defeated in the Republican primary by Ronald Reagan. Reagan chose Bush as his running mate, and Bush became vice president after the Reagan–Bush ticket won the 1980 election. During his eight-year tenure as vice president, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation and fighting the War on Drugs.
In 1988, Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President, defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency: military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf; the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later. Although the agreement was not ratified until after he left office, Bush also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which created a trade bloc consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and, after a struggle with Congress, signed an increase in taxes that Congress had passed. In the wake of a weak recovery from an economic recession, along with continuing budget deficits and the diminution of foreign politics as a major issue in a post-Cold War political climate, he lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton.
Bush left office in 1993. His presidential library was dedicated in 1997, and he has been active—often alongside Bill Clinton—in various humanitarian activities. With George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 presidential election, Bush and his son became the second father–son combination to serve as president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Bush's second son, Jeb Bush, served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007.