South Africa and Chad strike a Black Rhino deal
Black Rhino have returned to West Africa in a deal struck between South Africa and Chad. Poaching saw the complete extinction of the species in that part of the world more than four decades ago.
Black Rhino remains endangered as poachers hunt them to sell the horns to the lucrative black market. The Chadian government vows it won't allow Rhino to become targets of poachers again.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com
Kruger National Park December 2019
Four days visit to the Kruger National park, Entering at Malelana gate, then up to berg en Dal, Pretoruskop, Skakuza and then back down to Malelane.
Elephants, Rhino, Buffalo, Lions, Leopard - Saw the Big 5 Twice. Zebra, Giraffe; Hyena, warthog etc. and also getting attacked by a Buffalo
Cutting off poachers through rhino de-horning
Every day two rhinoceros are killed for their horrns by poachers in South Africa.
The animal's iconic keratin-based horn is thought to have medicinal benefits in certain parts of Asia, making them highly valuable commodities on the black market.
With 80 dead rhinos already found this year, park rangers in South Africa are taking drastic measures, including sawing off the horn itself in hopes of keeping the heavyweight animal alive.
Al Jazeera's Haru Mutasa reports from Mpumalanga.
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Two dehorned rhinos recovering
Two rhino - dehorned last year in the Eastern Cape - are making a miraculous recovery. Bonnie and Clyde were not expected to survive.
Poachers left them for dead after they cut off their horns.
Rhino poaching Airshow, Middelburg
High Risk Unit displays rhino poaching simulation.
Rhino poaching 1
After a couple hours drive and 30 minutes walk through the bush, this is what we saw...
Hoekom doen ouens dit?
Ek hoop julle het hierdie geniet! En hopelik help dit n paar manne!
Comment bietjie wat julle dink .
SA Truckers waiting to offload coal at a power station
This is how truckers sacrifice their time to give South Africans power in their homes and businesses. This is the part of truck driving that most ordinary people never see.
Farm Style House Plans In South Africa (see description) (see description)
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Prostitution | Wild Sex Ep12
Subscribe to Earth Touch now for more amazing nature
Sex sells ... all over the animal kingdom. Females from numerous species use prostitution to get what they want -- and males are eager to pay up. Penguins pay for lurve with rocks, beetles offer nuptial gifts & chimps may bargain with a fruit or two ... For many animals, sex is all about the right transaction.
04:00 Spotted bonobos where there should be chimps? Never fear -- we know our apes! The chimp's frisky cousins made the cut because the clip made us laugh ... and let's face it -- they love their monkey business more. In terms of anatomical accuracy, we challenge you to find any noticeable difference in their private proportions:
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Presented by
Dr. Carin Bondar Biologist with a twist
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Daniel Philogene
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Lara Cox
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Stock Footage
We have exhausted every option in the attempt to contact the original author of these animal video clips. For any concerns please contact info@earth-touch.com
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Nambiti Rhino Project
Nembeza & Nambiti Staff working together to dehorn Rhino in the KwaZulu Natal's Anti Poaching Initiative. Repositioning the rhino in order to remove its horn.
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Behind the scenes rhino dehorning in Zimbabwe
Ever wondered how rhino dehorning was carried out? A private game reserve in Zimbabwe dehorns it's black rhino every two years as a deterrent to poachers. Rhino horn is worth around $50,000 / kg and the poaching threat in Africa has reached crisis levels.
EBIT JCP 2017 Group 347- Bester Birds And Animal Zoo Park
This was a project of the Community-Based Project (JCP) of The Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology of The University of Pretoria. We worked and Bester Birds and Animal Zoo Park, we learnt the importance of planning, teamwork and communication.
we revamped a mongoose enclosure and installed a tunnel system and a new house for the mongooses
United East India Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:30 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:08:40 2 History
00:08:49 2.1 Origins
00:12:29 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:12:39 2.2.1 Formative years
00:17:32 2.2.2 Growth
00:23:47 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:33:35 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:40:18 3 Organizational structure
00:46:48 3.1 VOC outposts
00:47:32 3.2 Council of Justice in Batavia
00:47:52 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:50:35 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:50:47 5.1 Europe
00:50:55 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:51:16 5.2 Africa
00:51:24 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:51:40 5.2.2 South Africa
00:51:53 5.3 Asia
00:52:02 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:52:13 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:52:47 5.3.3 Japan
00:53:07 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:53:36 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:53:51 5.3.6 Thailand
00:54:04 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:54:23 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:58:30 7 Historical roles and legacy
01:02:22 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:09:09 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:14:08 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:19:10 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:19:24 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:22:24 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:23:44 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:23:58 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:24:53 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:27:53 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:33:05 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:33:17 8 Criticism
01:33:51 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:34:04 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:39:19 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:43:39 10 VOC world etymologies
01:43:50 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:46:59 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:48:15 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:49:56 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:50:47 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:51:29 14 VOC archives and records
01:52:22 15 VOC coinage
01:52:32 16 VOC ships
01:52:47 17 Field of VOC World studies
01:55:57 17.1 VOC World archaeology
01:56:08 18 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:57:02 18.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:00:04 18.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:14:12 19 Gallery
02:14:32 20 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8461302477082473
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as internat ...
United East Indies Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:48 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:07:45 2 History
00:07:54 2.1 Origins
00:11:17 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:11:27 2.2.1 Formative years
00:15:54 2.2.2 Growth
00:21:43 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:30:47 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:37:02 3 Organizational structure
00:43:02 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:45:35 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:45:47 5.1 Europe
00:45:55 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:46:14 5.2 Africa
00:46:22 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:46:37 5.2.2 South Africa
00:46:50 5.3 Asia
00:46:58 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:47:09 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:47:41 5.3.3 Japan
00:48:00 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:48:26 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:48:41 5.3.6 Thailand
00:48:54 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:49:11 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:50:29 7 Historical roles and legacy
00:54:03 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:00:16 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:04:52 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:09:30 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:09:44 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:12:30 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:13:45 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:13:59 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:14:50 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:17:38 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:22:27 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:22:39 8 Criticism
01:23:10 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:23:23 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:28:15 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:32:08 10 VOC world etymologies
01:32:19 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:35:08 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:36:16 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:37:48 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:38:33 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:39:11 14 VOC archives and records
01:39:59 15 Field of VOC World studies
01:42:42 15.1 VOC World archaeology
01:42:53 16 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:43:42 16.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:46:25 16.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:59:07 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9770717874062174
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (voorcompagnieën) in the early-17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as international trade (especially intra-Asian trade), shipbuilding, both production and trade of East Indian spices, Formosan sugarcane, and South African wine. The Company was a transcontinental employer and an early pioneer of outward foreign direct invest ...
Dutch East India Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:10 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:08:16 2 History
00:08:25 2.1 Origins
00:11:58 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:12:08 2.2.1 Formative years
00:16:48 2.2.2 Growth
00:22:47 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:32:14 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:38:43 3 Organizational structure
00:45:02 3.1 VOC outposts
00:45:44 3.2 Council of Justice in Batavia
00:46:04 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:48:41 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:48:53 5.1 Europe
00:49:01 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:49:21 5.2 Africa
00:49:30 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:49:45 5.2.2 South Africa
00:49:58 5.3 Asia
00:50:06 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:50:18 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:50:50 5.3.3 Japan
00:51:08 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:51:35 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:51:51 5.3.6 Thailand
00:52:03 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:52:21 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:56:10 7 Historical roles and legacy
00:59:53 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:06:23 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:11:11 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:15:59 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:16:14 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:19:06 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:20:23 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:20:37 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:21:29 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:24:25 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:29:24 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:29:37 8 Criticism
01:30:09 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:30:22 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:35:25 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:39:36 10 VOC world etymologies
01:39:47 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:42:45 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:43:58 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:45:34 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:46:22 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:47:02 14 VOC archives and records
01:47:53 15 VOC coinage
01:48:03 16 VOC ships
01:48:18 17 Field of VOC World studies
01:51:21 17.1 VOC World archaeology
01:51:31 18 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:52:23 18.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:55:14 18.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:08:20 19 Gallery
02:08:40 20 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9307992778992489
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as internat ...
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:07:24 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:09:49 2 History
00:09:59 2.1 Origins
00:14:14 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:14:25 2.2.1 Formative years
00:20:06 2.2.2 Growth
00:27:25 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:38:52 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:46:43 3 Organizational structure
00:54:19 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:57:28 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:57:41 5.1 Europe
00:57:49 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:58:12 5.2 Africa
00:58:20 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:58:38 5.2.2 South Africa
00:58:52 5.3 Asia
00:59:01 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:59:13 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:59:52 5.3.3 Japan
01:00:14 5.3.4 Taiwan
01:00:47 5.3.5 Malaysia
01:01:04 5.3.6 Thailand
01:01:18 5.3.7 Vietnam
01:01:39 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
01:03:14 7 Historical roles and legacy
01:07:44 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:15:39 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:21:28 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:27:18 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:27:34 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:31:02 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:32:35 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:32:51 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:33:53 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:37:23 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:43:26 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:43:39 8 Criticism
01:44:18 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:44:32 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:50:38 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:55:31 10 VOC world etymologies
01:55:43 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:59:23 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
02:00:50 11 Populated places established by VOC people
02:02:46 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
02:03:46 13 VOC buildings and structures
02:04:33 14 VOC archives and records
02:05:33 15 Field of VOC World studies
02:09:03 15.1 VOC World archaeology
02:09:14 16 VOC timeline and historical firsts
02:10:16 16.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:13:47 16.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:30:19 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7188161908832603
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (voorcompagnieën) in the early-17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as international trade (especially intra-Asian trade), shipbuilding, both production and trade of East Indian spices, Formosan sugarcane, and South African wine. The Company was a transcontinental employer and an early pioneer of outward foreign direct invest ...
Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:14 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:07:02 2 History
00:07:10 2.1 Origins
00:10:10 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:10:20 2.2.1 Formative years
00:14:18 2.2.2 Growth
00:19:25 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:27:22 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:32:50 3 Organizational structure
00:38:09 3.1 VOC outposts
00:38:47 3.2 Council of Justice in Batavia
00:39:05 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:41:18 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:41:30 5.1 Europe
00:41:38 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:41:56 5.2 Africa
00:42:05 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:42:19 5.2.2 South Africa
00:42:32 5.3 Asia
00:42:40 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:42:51 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:43:20 5.3.3 Japan
00:43:38 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:44:03 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:44:18 5.3.6 Thailand
00:44:29 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:44:46 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:48:07 7 Historical roles and legacy
00:51:17 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
00:56:44 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:00:48 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:04:51 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:05:05 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:07:31 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:08:38 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:08:50 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:09:36 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:12:05 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:16:19 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:16:30 8 Criticism
01:16:59 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:17:11 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:21:28 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:25:02 10 VOC world etymologies
01:25:12 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:27:49 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:28:53 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:30:17 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:30:56 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:31:31 14 VOC archives and records
01:32:16 15 VOC coinage
01:32:25 16 VOC ships
01:32:40 17 Field of VOC World studies
01:35:13 17.1 VOC World archaeology
01:35:23 18 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:36:07 18.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:38:37 18.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:50:01 19 Gallery
01:50:19 20 See also
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SUMMARY
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The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as internat ...