Mamilla Pool and Mamilla Muslim Cemetery Jerusalem, Israel. Tour guide: Zahi Shaked
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
+972 54 6905522 zahigo25@walla.com
צחי שקד, מורה דרך ומדריך תיירים. מצלם אותם בכל הזדמנות 0546905522
Mamilla Pool is one of several ancient reservoirs that supplied water to the inhabitants of the Old City of Jerusalem.[1] It is located outside the wall's of the Old City about 700 yards northwest of Jaffa Gate in the center of the Mamilla Cemetery.[2][3] With a capacity of 30,000 cubic meters, it is connected by an underground channel to Hezekiah's Pool in the Christian Quarter of the Old City. It is possible that it has received water via an aqueduct from Solomon's Pools.[4]
Mamilla Cemetery is an historic Muslim cemetery located just to the west of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.[1][2] The cemetery, at the center of which lies the Mamilla Pool, contains the remains of figures from the early Islamic period,[3] several Sufi shrines and Mamluk-era tombs.[1] The cemetery grounds also contain the bodies of thousands of Christians killed in the pre-Islamic era, as well as several tombs from Crusader times.
Its identity as an Islamic cemetery is noted by Arab and Persian writers as early as the 11th century.[4] It was used as a burial site up until 1927 when the Supreme Muslim Council decided to preserve it as a historic site.[1]
Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the cemetery and other waqf properties in West Jerusalem fell under the control of Israeli governmental bodies.[5] A number of buildings, a road and other public facilities, such as a park, a parking lot and public lavatories have since been constructed on the cemetery grounds, destroying grave markers and tombs. A plan to build a Museum of Tolerance on part of the cemetery grounds, announced in 2004, aroused much controversy and faced several stop work orders before being given final approval in July 2011.
The name Mamilla is used to refer to the cemetery and the Mamilla Pool located at its center.[1] It was also the name of a church dedicated to St Mamilla located at the same site in the early Byzantine and Islamic periods.[6][7][8]
Mamilla is mentioned as an Islamic cemetery as early as the 11th century in Concerning the (religious) status of Jerusalem, a treatise penned by Abu Bakr b. Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Wasiti, the preacher of Al Aqsa Mosque in 1019-1020 (AH 410).[4] He gives its name as zaytun al-milla, Arabic for the olive trees of the religion, which Moshe Gil says was a commonly used distortion of the name Māmillā, along with bab al-milla (meaning, the door of the religion).[4]
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi writes in al-Haqiqa, based on his travels to the region in 1693-4, that, It is said that its original name is Ma'man Illah and sometimes it was called Bab Illah [Gate to God]. It is also called 'Zeitun il-Milla'. Its name, according to the Jews, is Beit Milo and to the Christians, Babilla. But it is known to the common people as Mamilla.[9][10] A similar description appears in James Turner Barclay's The city of the Great King (1857) and he gives the meaning of Ma'man Illah (or Ma-min-ullah,as he transcribes it) as What is from God![11]
Mamilla Pool and Mamilla Muslim Cemetery Jerusalem, Israel. Tour guide: Zahi Shaked
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
+972 54 6905522 zahigo25@walla.com
צחי שקד, מורה דרך ומדריך תיירים. מצלם אותם בכל הזדמנות 0546905522
Mamilla Pool is one of several ancient reservoirs that supplied water to the inhabitants of the Old City of Jerusalem.[1] It is located outside the wall's of the Old City about 700 yards northwest of Jaffa Gate in the center of the Mamilla Cemetery.[2][3] With a capacity of 30,000 cubic meters, it is connected by an underground channel to Hezekiah's Pool in the Christian Quarter of the Old City. It is possible that it has received water via an aqueduct from Solomon's Pools.[4]
Mamilla Cemetery is an historic Muslim cemetery located just to the west of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.[1][2] The cemetery, at the center of which lies the Mamilla Pool, contains the remains of figures from the early Islamic period,[3] several Sufi shrines and Mamluk-era tombs.[1] The cemetery grounds also contain the bodies of thousands of Christians killed in the pre-Islamic era, as well as several tombs from Crusader times.
Its identity as an Islamic cemetery is noted by Arab and Persian writers as early as the 11th century.[4] It was used as a burial site up until 1927 when the Supreme Muslim Council decided to preserve it as a historic site.[1]
Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the cemetery and other waqf properties in West Jerusalem fell under the control of Israeli governmental bodies.[5] A number of buildings, a road and other public facilities, such as a park, a parking lot and public lavatories have since been constructed on the cemetery grounds, destroying grave markers and tombs. A plan to build a Museum of Tolerance on part of the cemetery grounds, announced in 2004, aroused much controversy and faced several stop work orders before being given final approval in July 2011.
The name Mamilla is used to refer to the cemetery and the Mamilla Pool located at its center.[1] It was also the name of a church dedicated to St Mamilla located at the same site in the early Byzantine and Islamic periods.[6][7][8]
Mamilla is mentioned as an Islamic cemetery as early as the 11th century in Concerning the (religious) status of Jerusalem, a treatise penned by Abu Bakr b. Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Wasiti, the preacher of Al Aqsa Mosque in 1019-1020 (AH 410).[4] He gives its name as zaytun al-milla, Arabic for the olive trees of the religion, which Moshe Gil says was a commonly used distortion of the name Māmillā, along with bab al-milla (meaning, the door of the religion).[4]
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi writes in al-Haqiqa, based on his travels to the region in 1693-4, that, It is said that its original name is Ma'man Illah and sometimes it was called Bab Illah [Gate to God]. It is also called 'Zeitun il-Milla'. Its name, according to the Jews, is Beit Milo and to the Christians, Babilla. But it is known to the common people as Mamilla.[9][10] A similar description appears in James Turner Barclay's The city of the Great King (1857) and he gives the meaning of Ma'man Illah (or Ma-min-ullah,as he transcribes it) as What is from God![11]
Mamilla Pool - one of several ancient reservoirs that supplied water to the Old City of Jerusalem
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
zahigo25@walla.com 9726905522 tel
סיור עם מורה הדרך ומדריך הטיולים צחי שקד 0546905522
My name is Zahi Shaked
In 2000 I became a registered liscenced tourist guide.
My dedication in life is to pass on the ancient history of the Holy Land.
Following upon many years of travel around the world, which was highlighted by a very exciting emotional and soul-searching meeting with the Dalai Lama, I realized that I had a mission. To pass on the the history of the Holy Land, its religions, and in particular, the birth and development of Christianity.
In order to fulfill this calling in the best way possible, I studied in depth, visited, and personally experienced each and every important site of the ancient Christians. I studied for and received my first bachelors degree in the ancient history of the Holy Land, and am presently completing my studies for my second degree.(Masters)
Parralel to my studies, and in order to earn a living, I was employed for many years in advertising. What I learned there was how to attract the publics attention, generate and, increase interest, and assimilate information. All this I use as tools to describe, explain and deepen the interest in the sites that we visit. From my experience, I have learned that in this way, the Holy Land becomes more than just history, and that the large stones that we see scattered about in dissaray, join together one by one until they become - a Byzantine Church. This also happens when I lead a group of Pilgrims in the Steps of Jesus. We climb to the peak of Mount Precipice, glide over the land to the Sea of Galilee, land on the water and see the miracle which enfolds before us. This is a many faceted experience. Not only history which you will remember and cherish, but an experience which I hope will be inplanted in your hearts and minds, and will accompany you all the days of your life.
Mamilla Pool, Jerusalem, Israel -Pastor Brian Stivale
Brian Stivale teaches about a little known, seldom mentioned site in East Jerusalem, Israel; The Mamilla Pool. In 614 A.D. something horrific happened in this 1st century Archeological Site. He teaches about recognizing what is right under our noses that we are ignorant of. In this turbulent day and age, it is becoming increasingly difficult to recognize the genuine tragedies and travesties that are literally happening right in front of our eyes. He uses this powerful illustration to empower us to become AWAKE and AWARE. For more information about Stivale Ministries please visit: StivaleMinistries.org
Jerusalem/Mamilla Cemetery: Victim of Israeli tolerance
The Campaign to Preserve Mamilla Jerusalem Cemetery was launched in February 2010:
In the name of tolerance, and human dignity, the Israeli regime is intent on razing the oldest cemetery in the Holy City of Jerusalem. The goal is clear: erase anything to do with the past and the identity of Jerusalem that does not conform with the Zionist vision.
For decades, this regime has been implementing policies that aim to ethnically cleanse the city of Jerusalem, as well as, other parts of historical Palestine. The regime attempts to conceal these policies and measures in various ways.
Its the turn of the 12th century Mamilla cemetery in Jerusalem. The facacde cannot be more ironic: the regime intends to build the Center for Human Dignity - Museum of Tolerance on the ruins of the cemetery.
Of course, this is only part of the racist policies of the Israeli regime, where it is only non-Jewish sites that get destroyed, regardless of their historical, religious or cultural values. Even the friends of the Israeli regime think so: The Government [of Israel] implements regulations only for Jewish sites. Non-Jewish Holy Sites do not enjoy legal protection US State Departments International Religious Freedom Report, 2009
The Campaign to Preserve Mamilla Jerusalem Cemetery was launched in February 2010:
It seems that the Israeli regime, its followers and its supporters still do not understand...
בריכת ממילא, ירושלים ,Mamilla Pool, Jerusalem
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
zahigo25@walla.com 972-54-6905522 tel
סיור עם מורה הדרך ומדריך הטיולים צחי שקד 0546905522
My name is Zahi Shaked
In 2000 I became a registered liscenced tourist guide.
My dedication in life is to pass on the ancient history of the Holy Land.
Following upon many years of travel around the world, which was highlighted by a very exciting emotional and soul-searching meeting with the Dalai Lama, I realized that I had a mission. To pass on the the history of the Holy Land, its religions, and in particular, the birth and development of Christianity.
In order to fulfill this calling in the best way possible, I studied in depth, visited, and personally experienced each and every important site of the ancient Christians. I studied for and received my first bachelors degree in the ancient history of the Holy Land, and am presently completing my studies for my second degree.(Masters)
Parralel to my studies, and in order to earn a living, I was employed for many years in advertising. What I learned there was how to attract the publics attention, generate and, increase interest, and assimilate information. All this I use as tools to describe, explain and deepen the interest in the sites that we visit. From my experience, I have learned that in this way, the Holy Land becomes more than just history, and that the large stones that we see scattered about in dissaray, join together one by one until they become - a Byzantine Church. This also happens when I lead a group of Pilgrims in the Steps of Jesus. We climb to the peak of Mount Precipice, glide over the land to the Sea of Galilee, land on the water and see the miracle which enfolds before us. This is a many faceted experience. Not only history which you will remember and cherish, but an experience which I hope will be inplanted in your hearts and minds, and will accompany you all the days of your life.
Mamilla Pool Jerusalem
Brief video about the Mamilla Pool in central Jerusalem that dates to Jesus' time.
That's how King Herod supplied water to Jerusalem and the Jewish Temple - Mamilla Pool Israel
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera zahigo25@walla.com +972-54-6905522 tel סיור עם מורה הדרך ומדריך הטיולים צחי שקד 0546905522
My name is Zahi Shaked
In 2000 I became a registered liscenced tourist guide.
My dedication in life is to pass on the ancient history of the Holy Land.
Following upon many years of travel around the world, which was highlighted by a very exciting emotional and soul-searching meeting with the Dalai Lama, I realized that I had a mission. To pass on the the history of the Holy Land, its religions, and in particular, the birth and development of Christianity.
In order to fulfill this calling in the best way possible, I studied in depth, visited, and personally experienced each and every important site of the ancient Christians. I studied for and received my first bachelors degree in the ancient history of the Holy Land, and am presently completing my studies for my second degree.(Masters)
Parralel to my studies, and in order to earn a living, I was employed for many years in advertising. What I learned there was how to attract the publics attention, generate and, increase interest, and assimilate information. All this I use as tools to describe, explain and deepen the interest in the sites that we visit. From my experience, I have learned that in this way, the Holy Land becomes more than just history, and that the large stones that we see scattered about in dissaray, join together one by one until they become - a Byzantine Church. This also happens when I lead a group of Pilgrims in the Steps of Jesus. We climb to the peak of Mount Precipice, glide over the land to the Sea of Galilee, land on the water and see the miracle which enfolds before us. This is a many faceted experience. Not only history which you will remember and cherish, but an experience which I hope will be inplanted in your hearts and minds, and will accompany you all the days of your life.
Excavation at Mamilla Cemetary
New photographic and video evidence provided to the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) indicates that archeological excavations by the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) have continued this month on the construction site covering a portion of the ancient Mamilla cemetery, where the Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) seeks to erect a ?Museum of Tolerance ? Center for Human Dignity.? The evidence strengthens concerns that the site still contains archaeological artifacts and human remains that require continued IAA presence, contrary to SWC claims that bedrock has been reached on all portions of the site.
Return To Kafr Bir'em
Kafr Bi'em is an ancient village in the north of the Galilee. It was inhabited by Maronites. It was taken without battle in the end of October 1948. After the occupation some of the inhabitants were told to go to Lebanon, and they are refugees to this day. Some were promised to return after two weeks time, and the promise was not held. The supreme court decided that they must return, and the state did not carry the decision.
The land was confiscated, it is used by a nearby (exclusively Jewish) kibbutz and moshav. The centre of the village is a national park because there is an ancient synagogue there.
After 6 days war the villagers started again to bury in their cemetery. The visit the village frequently, pray in the church and do maintenance activities. When we visited there was a big gathering and we talked to a young 3rd generation refugee.
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הסיפור של ברכת ממילא (מימי החשמונאים) ובית הקברות המוסלמי. ירושלים, ישראל
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
+972 54 6905522 zahigo25@walla.com
צחי שקד, מורה דרך ומדריך תיירים. מצלם אותם בכל הזדמנות 0546905522
Mamilla Pool is one of several ancient reservoirs that supplied water to the inhabitants of the Old City of Jerusalem.[1] It is located outside the wall's of the Old City about 700 yards northwest of Jaffa Gate in the center of the Mamilla Cemetery.[2][3] With a capacity of 30,000 cubic meters, it is connected by an underground channel to Hezekiah's Pool in the Christian Quarter of the Old City. It is possible that it has received water via an aqueduct from Solomon's Pools.[4]
Mamilla Cemetery is an historic Muslim cemetery located just to the west of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.[1][2] The cemetery, at the center of which lies the Mamilla Pool, contains the remains of figures from the early Islamic period,[3] several Sufi shrines and Mamluk-era tombs.[1] The cemetery grounds also contain the bodies of thousands of Christians killed in the pre-Islamic era, as well as several tombs from Crusader times.
Its identity as an Islamic cemetery is noted by Arab and Persian writers as early as the 11th century.[4] It was used as a burial site up until 1927 when the Supreme Muslim Council decided to preserve it as a historic site.[1]
Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the cemetery and other waqf properties in West Jerusalem fell under the control of Israeli governmental bodies.[5] A number of buildings, a road and other public facilities, such as a park, a parking lot and public lavatories have since been constructed on the cemetery grounds, destroying grave markers and tombs. A plan to build a Museum of Tolerance on part of the cemetery grounds, announced in 2004, aroused much controversy and faced several stop work orders before being given final approval in July 2011.
The name Mamilla is used to refer to the cemetery and the Mamilla Pool located at its center.[1] It was also the name of a church dedicated to St Mamilla located at the same site in the early Byzantine and Islamic periods.[6][7][8]
Mamilla is mentioned as an Islamic cemetery as early as the 11th century in Concerning the (religious) status of Jerusalem, a treatise penned by Abu Bakr b. Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Wasiti, the preacher of Al Aqsa Mosque in 1019-1020 (AH 410).[4] He gives its name as zaytun al-milla, Arabic for the olive trees of the religion, which Moshe Gil says was a commonly used distortion of the name Māmillā, along with bab al-milla (meaning, the door of the religion).[4]
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi writes in al-Haqiqa, based on his travels to the region in 1693-4, that, It is said that its original name is Ma'man Illah and sometimes it was called Bab Illah [Gate to God]. It is also called 'Zeitun il-Milla'. Its name, according to the Jews, is Beit Milo and to the Christians, Babilla. But it is known to the common people as Mamilla.[9][10] A similar description appears in James Turner Barclay's The city of the Great King (1857) and he gives the meaning of Ma'man Illah (or Ma-min-ullah,as he transcribes it) as What is from God![11]
20141111 17:33 King Herods swimming pools at the Tower of David Jerusalem
20141111 17:33 King Herods swimming pools at the Tower of David Jerusalem (English spiking 10:40, Hebrew20:10)
Aceldama or Akeldama חקל דמא; field of blood - a place in Jerusalem associated with Judas Iscariot
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
zahigo25@walla.com 972-54-6905522 tel
סיור עם מורה הדרך ומדריך הטיולים צחי שקד 0546905522
My name is Zahi Shaked
In 2000 I became a registered liscenced tourist guide.
My dedication in life is to pass on the ancient history of the Holy Land.
Following upon many years of travel around the world, which was highlighted by a very exciting emotional and soul-searching meeting with the Dalai Lama, I realized that I had a mission. To pass on the the history of the Holy Land, its religions, and in particular, the birth and development of Christianity.
In order to fulfill this calling in the best way possible, I studied in depth, visited, and personally experienced each and every important site of the ancient Christians. I studied for and received my first bachelors degree in the ancient history of the Holy Land, and am presently completing my studies for my second degree.(Masters)
Parralel to my studies, and in order to earn a living, I was employed for many years in advertising. What I learned there was how to attract the publics attention, generate and, increase interest, and assimilate information. All this I use as tools to describe, explain and deepen the interest in the sites that we visit. From my experience, I have learned that in this way, the Holy Land becomes more than just history, and that the large stones that we see scattered about in dissaray, join together one by one until they become - a Byzantine Church. This also happens when I lead a group of Pilgrims in the Steps of Jesus. We climb to the peak of Mount Precipice, glide over the land to the Sea of Galilee, land on the water and see the miracle which enfolds before us. This is a many faceted experience. Not only history which you will remember and cherish, but an experience which I hope will be inplanted in your hearts and minds, and will accompany you all the days of your life.
Gan Ha'atsmaut -- The 'Void' Park of Jerusalem
Final Project in Architecture school Fifth Year - Ariel University
Main Concept: For most of us Jerusalem represents the 'Old City' and the 'Kneset', this project is trying to raise awareness to the Historic City Center via Gan Ha'atsmaut (Independents Park). The park is the 'Void' in the urban fabric of the city heart which connects its neighborhoods & landmarks. The new Mamilla Square becomes a multilayer center, urban and cultural, in the city life.
Mamilla Pool becomes a two seasonal area that connects Jerusalem's Archaeological Museum in the west, and Mamilla square in the east, connected directly to Alrov Mamilla without motoric barrier. Every layer we take away in Jerusalem we will find an additional one, underneath the square we will find the school of archeology.
The school is leaning on a fracture, a reminder to the brick in the wall near Jaffa gate, and through the segmented Alrov Mamilla, bringing the main light and air to the underground structure. Two buildings rise from the ground and mark the location of the school and its main entrance.
The 'Void' is an inner world that allows each one of us to pause from the intense world around us, connect to himself and his inner stillness, within the school, in Gan Ha'atsmaut, or Jerusalem in general.
for more details see my Presentation (in Hebrew):
My Portfolio:
LinkedIn CV:
4,000-year-old burial ground discovered in north China
A ancient burial ground with more than 100 tombs was discovered in north China's Hebei Province.
The necropolis, located near a reservoir in Chengde County, is believed to be 4,000 years old.
The British Battle of Jerusalem (1917) - The Monument on the hill where the surrender took place
Zahi Shaked A tour guide in Israel and his camera
zahigo25@walla.com 972-54-6905522 tel
סיור עם מורה הדרך ומדריך הטיולים צחי שקד 0546905522
Allenby Square, a name commemorating Field Marshal Edmund Allenby who commanded the British forces which captured Palestine in the First World War, has been bestowed at different times on two different squares in Jerusalem.
This divergent naming was connected both to prestige struggles within the British forces entering Jerusalem in late 1917, leading to what became known as the multiple surrenders, and to later vicissitudes of the struggle between Israelis and Arabs for control of the city.
In 1920, a British war memorial was erected on the hill where the first surrender ceremony took place.
The three-metre high rectangular monument, similar in style to other British WWI memorials, was designed by the architect Wallcousins. It bore the date of December 9 (rather than 11), with the text:
Near this spot, the Holy City was surrendered to the 60th London Division, 9th December 1917. Erected by their comrades to those officers, NCOs and men who fell in fighting for Jerusalem.
The monument creates a silhouette resembling medieval knights, a reference to the comparison made at the time by many Britons between the 1917 conquest of Palestine and the crusades. An equestrian statue of Allenby was planned to stand on the pinnacle, but was never actually installed.
According to Israeli researcher Dov Genehovsky, the monument was built from the stones of the dismantled Ottoman clock tower which had been erected on top of the Jaffa Gate at the accession of the Sultan Abdul Hamid
My name is Zahi Shaked
In 2000 I became a registered liscenced tourist guide.
My dedication in life is to pass on the ancient history of the Holy Land.
Following upon many years of travel around the world, which was highlighted by a very exciting emotional and soul-searching meeting with the Dalai Lama, I realized that I had a mission. To pass on the the history of the Holy Land, its religions, and in particular, the birth and development of Christianity.
In order to fulfill this calling in the best way possible, I studied in depth, visited, and personally experienced each and every important site of the ancient Christians. I studied for and received my first bachelors degree in the ancient history of the Holy Land, and am presently completing my studies for my second degree.(Masters)
Parralel to my studies, and in order to earn a living, I was employed for many years in advertising. What I learned there was how to attract the publics attention, generate and, increase interest, and assimilate information. All this I use as tools to describe, explain and deepen the interest in the sites that we visit. From my experience, I have learned that in this way, the Holy Land becomes more than just history, and that the large stones that we see scattered about in dissaray, join together one by one until they become - a Byzantine Church. This also happens when I lead a group of Pilgrims in the Steps of Jesus. We climb to the peak of Mount Precipice, glide over the land to the Sea of Galilee, land on the water and see the miracle which enfolds before us. This is a many faceted experience. Not only history which you will remember and cherish, but an experience which I hope will be inplanted in your hearts and minds, and will accompany you all the days of your life.
Persecution of Christians in the Muslim world | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:18 1 Antiquity
00:01:27 1.1 In the New Testament
00:05:36 1.2 In the Roman Empire
00:05:46 1.2.1 Under Nero, 64–68 AD
00:08:01 1.2.2 From the 2nd century to Constantine
00:13:23 1.2.3 The Great Persecution
00:16:21 1.3 In the Sassanian Empire
00:23:09 1.4 By Jewish tribes in Yemen
00:24:53 1.5 Others
00:25:12 2 During the Middle Ages and Early Modern period
00:25:24 2.1 By Persians and Jews during the Roman-Persian Wars
00:28:54 2.2 Under Islamic rule
00:32:06 2.2.1 Tamerlane
00:32:54 2.2.2 Ottoman Albania and Kosovo
00:35:42 2.3 French Revolution
00:39:24 2.4 China
00:40:53 2.5 India
00:48:24 2.6 Japan
00:50:01 3 Modern era (1815 to 1989)
00:50:13 3.1 In the Ottoman Empire
00:57:53 3.2 Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact Countries
01:07:31 3.3 19th- and 20th-century Mexico
01:10:14 3.4 Anti-Mormonism
01:12:23 3.5 Madagascar
01:14:20 3.6 Spain
01:18:37 3.7 Nazi Germany
01:21:46 3.8 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:22:24 3.9 Communist Albania
01:24:32 4 Current situation (1989 to present)
01:26:10 4.1 In the Muslim world
01:28:46 4.1.1 Afghanistan
01:29:33 4.1.2 Algeria
01:30:53 4.1.3 Egypt
01:32:07 4.1.4 Indonesia
01:35:56 4.1.5 Iran
01:37:07 4.1.6 Iraq
01:43:23 4.1.7 Malaysia
01:45:36 4.1.8 Nigeria
01:46:38 4.1.9 Pakistan
01:52:29 4.1.10 Saudi Arabia
01:53:07 4.1.11 Somalia
01:53:37 4.1.12 Sudan
01:54:02 4.1.13 Syria
01:55:45 4.1.14 Turkey
01:58:00 4.1.15 Yemen
02:01:36 4.2 Bhutan
02:03:55 4.3 China
02:06:16 4.4 India
02:09:36 4.5 North Korea
02:10:59 4.6 Indochina region
02:11:41 5 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both the Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread. Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.
Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.
The schisms of the Middle Ages and especially the Protestant Reformation, sometimes provoked severe conflicts between Christian denominations to the point of persecuting each other.
In the 20th century, Christians were persecuted by various governments including the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the form of the Armenian Genocide, the Assyrian Genocide and the Greek Genocide, as well as by atheistic states such as the Soviet Union, Communist Albania and North Korea.
Persecution of Christians | Wikipedia audio article
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Persecution of Christians
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SUMMARY
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The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both a small number of Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread. Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.
Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.
The schisms of the Middle Ages and especially the Protestant Reformation, sometimes provoked severe conflicts between Christian denominations to the point of persecuting each other.
In the 20th century, Christians have been persecuted by various governments including the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the form of the Armenian Genocide, the Assyrian Genocide and the Greek Genocide, as well as atheistic states such as the Soviet Union and North Korea. During World War II members of some Christian churches were persecuted in Nazi Germany for resisting Nazi ideology.
In more recent times, the Christian missionary organization Open Doors (UK) estimates that over 200 million Christians face persecution, particularly in Middle Eastern countries such as Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
Jerusalem | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jerusalem
00:04:36 1 Names: history and etymology
00:04:47 1.1 Ancient Egyptian sources
00:05:14 1.2 Etymology
00:06:25 1.3 Hebrew Bible and Jewish sources
00:07:00 1.4 Oldest inscriptions
00:07:38 1.5 Jebus, Zion, City of David
00:08:22 1.6 Greek, Roman and Byzantine names
00:08:45 1.7 Salem
00:09:37 1.8 Arabic names
00:10:22 2 History
00:11:29 2.1 Overview of Jerusalem's historical periods
00:11:40 2.2 Age
00:13:37 2.3 Prehistory
00:14:07 2.4 Ancient period
00:16:30 2.4.1 Biblical account
00:18:06 2.5 Classical antiquity
00:24:17 2.6 Middle Ages
00:30:11 2.7 Ottoman rule (16th–19th centuries)
00:34:19 2.8 British Mandate (1917–1948)
00:36:16 2.9 Divided city: Jordanian and Israeli rule (1948–1967)
00:41:19 2.10 Israeli rule (1967–present)
00:45:19 3 Political status
00:47:37 3.1 International status
00:48:35 3.2 Status under Israeli rule
00:51:10 3.3 Jerusalem as capital of Israel
00:54:59 3.3.1 Government precinct and national institutions
00:55:53 3.4 Jerusalem as capital of Palestine
00:57:10 4 Municipal administration
00:58:53 5 Geography
01:01:06 5.1 Climate
01:03:14 6 Demographics
01:03:23 6.1 Demographic history
01:04:25 6.2 Current demographics
01:11:27 6.3 Urban planning issues
01:12:35 7 Religious significance
01:15:50 8 Economy
01:19:37 8.1 High-rise construction
01:21:42 9 Transportation
01:24:08 10 Education
01:28:22 11 Culture
01:34:13 11.1 Media
01:34:53 11.2 Sports
01:36:49 12 Twin towns and sister cities
01:37:10 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Jerusalem (; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and the Palestinian Authority claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power; however, neither claim is widely recognized internationally.During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning City of Shalem after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage Site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Since 1860 Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City's boundaries. In 2015, Jerusalem had a population of some 850,000 residents, comprising approximately 200,000 secular Jewish Israelis, 350,000 Haredi Jews and 300,000 Palestinians. In 2011, the population numbered 801,000, of which Jews comprised 497,000 (62%), Muslims 281,000 (35%), Christians 14,000 (around 2%) and 9,000 (1%) were not classified by religion.According to the Bible, King David conquered the city from the Jebusites and established it as the capital of the united kingdom of Israel, and his son, King Solomon, commissioned the building of the First Temple. These foundational events, straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE, assumed central symbolic importance for the Jewish people. The sobriquet of holy city (עיר הקודש, ...