Palacio do Catete the Museum of the Republic | Rio de Janeiro #30
The Catete Palace (Portuguese: Palácio do Catete is an urban mansion in Rio de Janeiro's Catete neighborhood. The property stretches from Rua do Catete (Catete Street) to Praia do Flamengo (Flamengo Beach). Construction began in 1858 and ended in 1867. From 1894 to 1960, it was Brazil's presidential palace and the site of Getúlio Vargas' suicide. It now houses the Museu da República (Republic Museum) and a theatre. The Catete underground rail station is adjacent.
The Baron and the Baroness of Nova Friburgo with a model of the Catete Palace in the background, 19th century.
The building was built as the residence of family of the Portuguese-born Brazilian coffee producer António Clemente Pinto, Baron of Nova Friburgo, in the then capital of the Empire of Brazil. It was called the Palace of Largo Valdetaro and Palace of Nova Friburgo.
With the design of the German architect Carl Friedrich Gustav Waehneldt, dated 1858, the work began with the demolition of the old house. The construction officially ended in 1866, but the finishing works still continued for over a decade.
After the death of the Baron and the Baroness, their son Antônio Clemente Pinto Filho, the Count of São Clemente, sold the property in 1889, shortly before the Proclamation of the Republic of Brazil, to an investors group, who founded the Companhia Grande Hotel Internacional (Grande Hotel Internacional Company). This development, however, did not succeed in turning the palace into a luxury hotel. Due to the economic crisis in the late 1880s and early 1890s (The Encilhamento), the venture went bankrupt, and its titles acquired by counselor Francisco de Paula Mayrink. Five years later, Mayrink paid off debts to the Bank of Brazil.
The seat of the executive branch of Brazil was the Itamaraty Palace in Rio de Janeiro. In 1897, President Prudente de Morais became ill and Vice President Manuel Vitorino took office as interim. He acquired the Catete Palace and over there installed the seat of government. Officially, the palace was the seat of the Federal Government from 1897 until 1960, when the capital and the Federal District were transferred to Brasília.
Various historical events happened in the palace halls, such as the death of President Afonso Pena in 1909; the signing of the declaration of war against the German Empire and its allies in 1917, during World War I; the visit and hosting of Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, in 1934; the declaration of war against the Axis in World War II in 1942; the suicide of President Getúlio Vargas in 1954, with a shot in the heart, in his bedroom on the third floor of the palace; among others.
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The Catete Palace in Rio
Come join Professor Glaeser as we visit the Catete Palace in Rio de Janeiro to learn about Rio’s historical significance as Brazil’s former capital.
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Official residence
An official residence is the residence at which a nation's head of state, head of government, governor or other senior figure officially resides. It may or may not be the same location where the individual conducts work-related functions, or actually lives.
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Rio de Janeiro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rio de Janeiro
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈnejɾu]; River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and sixth-most populous in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea, by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. Later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal, who subsequently, in 1815, under the leadership of her son, the Prince Regent, and future King João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822, when the War of Brazilian Independence began. This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília.
Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, and 30th largest in the world in 2008, estimated at about R$343 billion (IBGE, 2008) (nearly US$201 billion). It is headquarters to Brazilian oil, mining, and telecommunications companies, including two of the country's major corporations – Petrobras and Vale – and Latin America's largest telemedia conglomerate, Grupo Globo. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. Despite the high perception of crime, the city has a lower incidence of crime than Northeast Brazil, but it is far more criminalized than the south region of Brazil, which is considered the safest in the country.Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, Carnival, samba, bossa nova, and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca, Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon. In addition to the beaches, some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Sambódromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the XV Pan American Games.
Brazilian science and technology | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:09 1 History
00:05:37 1.1 During the Brazilian Empire
00:08:11 2 Organization
00:09:08 3 Sources of funding
00:11:47 4 Trends in science and technology
00:11:57 4.1 Creation of social organizations
00:14:10 4.2 Incentive measures and targets
00:16:52 4.3 Financial investment
00:19:25 4.4 Industrial research
00:19:34 4.4.1 Trends in innovation activity
00:26:28 4.4.2 Information technology
00:28:50 4.5 Government research priorities
00:34:52 4.6 Research output
00:37:06 5 Regional disparities
00:40:09 6 Timeline
00:44:13 7 Lists
00:44:22 7.1 Major universities
00:44:31 7.1.1 Public universities and institutes
00:48:34 7.1.2 Private universities
00:50:39 7.2 Research institutes
00:52:40 7.3 Scientific societies
00:53:17 7.4 Key Brazilian scientists
00:53:27 8 See also
00:53:49 9 Sources
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Speaking Rate: 0.9487108070756921
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Science and technology in Brazil has entered the international arena in recent decades. The central agency for science and technology in Brazil is the Ministry of Science and Technology, which includes the CNPq and Finep. This ministry also has direct supervision over the National Institute for Space Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais — INPE), the National Institute of Amazonian Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia — INPA), and the National Institute of Technology (Brazil) (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia — INT). The ministry is also responsible for the Secretariat for Computer and Automation Policy (Portuguese: Secretaria de Política de Informática e Automação — SPIA), which is the successor of the SEI. The Ministry of Science and Technology, which the Sarney government created in March 1985, was headed initially by a person associated with the nationalist ideologies of the past. Although the new minister was able to raise the budget for the science and technology sector, he remained isolated within the government and had no influence on policy making for the economy.
With the new ministry, the science and technology agencies increased in size but lost some of their former independence and flexibility, and they became more susceptible to patronage politics. Most of the resources of the CNPq were channeled to fellowship programs procedures for quality control and no mechanisms to make the fellows active in the country's science and technology institutions. New groups competed for resources and control of the country's agencies of science, technology, and higher education. These groups included political parties, unionized university professors and employees, scientific societies, and special interest groups within the scientific and technological community. The SBPC (Brazilian Society for Scientific Development) shed its image as a semi-autonomous association of scientists to become an active lobbyist for more public resources and the protection of national technology from international competition.
Brazil National Anthem Instrumental
Brazil - Brazilian National Anthem
Brasil - Hino Nacional Brasileiro
Federative Republic of Brazil
República Federativa do Brasil (Portuguese)
Flag of Brazil
Flag
Coat of arms of Brazil
Coat of arms
Motto:
Ordem e Progresso (Portuguese)
(English: Order and Progress)
Anthem:
Hino Nacional Brasileiro
(English: Brazilian National Anthem)
MENU0:00
Flag anthem:
Hino à Bandeira Nacional[1]
(English: National Flag Anthem)
MENU0:00
National seal
Selo Nacional do Brasil
National Seal of Brazil
National Seal of Brazil (color).svg
Location of Brazil (dark green) in South America (grey)
Location of Brazil (dark green)
in South America (grey)
Capital Brasília
15°47′S 47°52′W
Largest city São Paulo
23°33′S 46°38′W
Official language
and national language Portuguese[2]
Ethnic groups (2010)[3]
47.73% White
43.13% Pardo
7.61% Black
1.09% Asian
0.43% Amerindian
Religion
64.6% Catholic
22.2% Protestant
8.0% Irreligion
2.0% Spiritism
3.2% Others[4]
Demonym Brazilian
Government Federal presidential constitutional republic
• President
Michel Temer
• Vice President
Vacant[5]
• President of the
Chamber of Deputies
Rodrigo Maia
• President of the Federal Senate
Eunício Oliveira
• President of the Supreme Federal Court
Dias Toffoli
Legislature National Congress
• Upper house
Federal Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
Independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
• Declared
7 September 1822
• Recognized
29 August 1825
• Republic
15 November 1889
• Treaty of Petrópolis
11 November 1903
• Current constitution
5 October 1988
Area
• Total
8,515,767 km2 (3,287,956 sq mi) (5th)
• Water (%)
0.65
Population
• 2019 estimate
210,147,125[6] (6th)
• Density
25/km2 (64.7/sq mi) (200th)
GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate
• Total
$3.389 trillion[7] (8th)
• Per capita
$16,199[7] (81th)
GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate
• Total
$2.139 trillion[7] (9th)
• Per capita
$10,224[7] (65th)
Gini (2015) Positive decrease 51.3[8]
high
HDI (2017) Increase 0.759[9]
high · 79th
Currency Real (R$) (BRL)
Time zone UTC−2 to −5 (BRT)
• Summer (DST)
UTC−2 to −5 (BRST)
Date format dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Drives on the right
Calling code +55
ISO 3166 code BR
Internet TLD .br
Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil [bɾaˈziw]),[nt 1] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, About this sound listen (help·info)),[10] is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles)[11] and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas;[12][13] it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi).[14] It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area.[15] Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats.[14] This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.
Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel.
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Domingo Faustino Sarmiento | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
00:02:08 1 Youth and influences
00:05:19 2 Political background and exiles
00:09:16 2.1 First exile in Chile
00:10:28 2.2 San Juan and second and third exiles in Chile
00:14:23 2.3 Return to Argentina
00:16:42 3 President of Argentina, 1868-1874
00:20:44 4 Final years
00:22:21 5 Philosophy
00:24:48 6 Publications
00:24:57 6.1 Major works
00:27:33 6.2 Other works
00:32:03 7 Legacy
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (February 15, 1811 – September 11, 1888) was an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the seventh President of Argentina. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the Generation of 1837, who had a great influence on nineteenth-century Argentina. He was particularly concerned with educational issues and was also an important influence on the region's literature.
Sarmiento grew up in a poor but politically active family that paved the way for much of his future accomplishments. Between 1843 and 1850 he was frequently in exile, and wrote in both Chile and in Argentina. His greatest literary achievement was Facundo, a critique of Juan Manuel de Rosas, that Sarmiento wrote while working for the newspaper El Progreso during his exile in Chile. The book brought him far more than just literary recognition; he expended his efforts and energy on the war against dictatorships, specifically that of Rosas, and contrasted enlightened Europe—a world where, in his eyes, democracy, social services, and intelligent thought were valued—with the barbarism of the gaucho and especially the caudillo, the ruthless strongmen of nineteenth-century Argentina.
While president of Argentina from 1868 to 1874, Sarmiento championed intelligent thought—including education for children and women—and democracy for Latin America. He also took advantage of the opportunity to modernize and develop train systems, a postal system, and a comprehensive education system. He spent many years in ministerial roles on the federal and state levels where he travelled abroad and examined other education systems.
Sarmiento died in Asunción, Paraguay, at the age of 77 from a heart attack. He was buried in Buenos Aires. Today, he is respected as a political innovator and writer. Miguel de Unamuno considered him among the greatest writers of Castilian prose.