Places to see in ( Ellesmere - UK )
Places to see in ( Ellesmere - UK )
Ellesmere is a market town near Oswestry in north Shropshire, England, notable for its proximity to a number of prominent lakes known as the Meres. Ellesmere Castle was probably an 11th-century motte-and-bailey castle most likely built by either Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, or his son Roger the Poitevin at Castlefields overlooking the Mere. Only its earthworks now remain, with the top of the motte being used for the bowling green, which still commands a fine view.
In 1114, King Henry I gave Ellesmere to William Peverel as a part of the Maelor, which included Overton & Whittington at that time. His descendants retained Ellesmere until apparently the late 1140s when the lordship was acquired, probably by force, by Madog ap Maredudd of Powys. Madog died in 1160 and Ellesmere came into the hands of King Henry II.
In 1177 King Henry II gave the manors of Ellesmere and Hales in England to Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (who already had a castle at Rhuddlan and was, by this time, the sole ruler of Gwynedd. Earlier, in the summer of 1174, Dafydd had married Emme of Anjou, half sister of Henry, and sister of Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, both illegitimate children of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou). Dafydd remained Lord of Ellesmere until his death in 1203.
In mid-April 1205, Llywelyn the Great married Joan, Lady of Wales illegitimate daughter of King John and Ellesmere was given to them as a wedding gift. Llywelyn's mother was Marared (Margaret), daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, Prince of Powys. There is evidence that, after her first husband Iorwerth's death, Marared married in the summer of 1197, Gwion, the nephew of Roger Powys of Whittington Castle. She seems to have pre-deceased her husband, after bearing him a son, David ap Gwion, and therefore there can be no truth in the story that she later married into the Corbet family of Caus Castle (near Westbury, Shropshire) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle. Ellesmere was ordered to be attacked by King Henry III in 1231, but Llywelyn retained control of the lordship until his death in 1240. In 1241 King Henry III ordered John le Strange to repair the wooden castle of Ellesmere.
The former Marcher Lordship of Ellesmere (formerly a Hundred in its own right) was annexed to Shropshire and the Hundred of Pymhill by section 11 of the Laws in Wales Act 1535. Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley, was born Lord Francis Leveson-Gower, in Ellesmere in 1800. A patron of the arts, in 1848 he purchased at auction for 355 guineas from the estate of Richard Temple-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, the only known (or suspected) portrait of William Shakespeare in existence. Ellesmere Island in Canada was named after him.
The town is located by the side of 'the Mere', one of the largest natural meres in England outside the Lake District and one of nine glacial meres in the area. ('glacial' means that the depression occupied by the mere was the location of a block of ice that persisted at the end of the last Ice Age). These meres are different from those in the Lake District in that they do not have a flow of water into them to maintain the level.
An artificial island in the Mere was constructed in 1812 from soil dug out during the making of the gardens at Ellesmere House. This was later named Moscow Island, as Napoleon was forced to retreat from Moscow that year. The Mere has a visitors' centre and is popular with birdwatchers, many of whom visit to see grey herons nesting. There are eight other meres nearby: Blakemere, Colemere, Crosemere, Kettlemere, Newtonmere, Whitemere, Sweatmere and Hanmer Mere. The civil parish which constitutes the town is Ellesmere Urban; the surrounding parish, covering a large rural area, is Ellesmere Rural.
The A495 and A528 roads cross at Ellesmere. The latter runs 15 miles south-southeast from Ellesmere to the county town, Shrewsbury. The town lies beside the Llangollen Canal with a short side arm reaching the town centre wharf. The canal eventually terminates just outside Llangollen at Llantysilio after passing through the 18 km World Heritage site which includes Chirk Aqueduct and Pontcysyllte Aqueduct. Ellesmere no longer has a railway, but it was once on the Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway main line of the Cambrian Railways.
( Ellesmere - UK ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Ellesmere . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Ellesmere - UK
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Fruit Special (1963)
Wisbech, Norfolk.
Travel shot, from train, of countryside. SV Interior of carriage, various people on their way to the fruit picking. CU Mrs Mary Donovan who has been fruit picking for 50 years. SV Two other women, nearest to camera Mrs Emma Bayman, who has been fruit picking for 35 years. CU Mrs Bayman. SV & SCU Group of young men playing cards. SCU The dog at the card table. SV Sign 'Wisbech East'. GV The train at the platform, people alighting.
SV People on platform. GV The pickers climbing onto lorries. SCU Pickers seated on back of lorry. SV More pickers getting into another lorry - two shots. SV Lorry moving away. SV Other pickers walking towards lorries. SV Pan, tractor towing a trailer in which pickers are seated. GV Pan, the chalets where the pickers stay. SV A woman and girl entering chalet. SV Other people outside their chalets. SV Interior, man cleaning floor. SV Girls making bed of wooden boxes. GV The chalets.
GV People picking gooseberries. CU Girl picking. GV Picking in progress. CU Woman. CU Hands as they pick gooseberries. CU Woman picking. SV Small boys picking. SV Machine that sorts out the leaves and stalks as girl brings basket of gooseberries to be weighed. CU Basket on scales. SV Man at weighing machine hands out discs to the value of the weight. SCU Gooseberries, after going through the machine, coming down chute into sack. SV As man removes the sack which is full and it is loaded onto a lorry. SV Girl bringing basket to be weighed. CU Discs being handed out. SV As the girl receives her disc. GV Pickers at work.
FILM ID:1768.14
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Walks in Shropshire: Shrewsbury from the English Bridge
In my third visit to Shrewsbury town, I begin at the English Bridge and journey up Wyle Cop and the High Street.
I am Richard Vobes, the Bald Explorer, exploring Britain. Check out my website at:
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La Petite Ceinture: What Happened to Paris's Lost Railway?
In 1900, the Petite Ceinture railway carried 38 million passengers in a single year. But by 1934 its stations were closed forever. What happened? Why was it abandoned? And why do the tracks seem to have been kept in good condition? I went to Paris to find out more...
(Apologies for occasional shakey footage in this video: a few shots were filmed last year before I bought my nice smooth camera.)
Bewdley to Hartlebury Junction Disused Railway
A journey to discover the southern end of the Severn Valley Railway. The SVR was built to join Shrewsbury to Worcester with the link to Kidderminster coming later providing an East/West link across the South Shropshire border. This journey takes us through Stourport on Severn where the lines history is preserved with a public footpath nearly all the way from the centre of Stourport to the junction with the main Worcester to Birmingham line at Hatlebury. The station at Stourport has sadly disappeared altogether into a modern housing development, but the large rail viaduct to the east of the town still remains intact to walk on.
Speeded up Drive from Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant to Waterfall ( Pistyll Rhaeadr )
Speeded up Drive from Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant to Waterfall ( Pistyll Rhaeadr ), in North Wales, where my mother lived for the duration of WW2. The Waterfall is at the end of a 4 mile lane from . Filmed on the 10th July 2011
Milan Italy
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UK Weather Horror LIVE UPDATE
TODAYS HEADLINE NEWS! SNOW ICE AND RAIN this Easter Bookies slash odds on a White Easter!
The Sun reports it like this (environmental reporter what a grim job title lol!)
Nearly Freezter Snowstorms bash UK days before Easter By BEN JACKSON, Environment Editor
BRITAIN today faces one of the coldest March weekends for 50 years — with the freezing conditions lasting up to Easter.
Snowstorms battered large parts of the UK yesterday with more than 100,000 homes left without power.
Up to 500 schools were closed while drivers were warned to stay off the roads for the next few days.
Weather Channel forecaster Leon Brown added: We expect one of the coldest March weekends for years — perhaps since 1962 — with some places not seeing much above 0°C and wind chill making it feel like minus 5°C to minus 10°C.
The Met Office said next week will be drier — but grimly predicted that it will be very, very cold with pernicious frosts.
Heavy snow brought power lines down in NORTHERN IRELAND and also forced the cancellation of the World Cup qualifier against Russia at Windsor Park in Belfast.
It was rescheduled for today but more wintry weather is predicted.
Around 100,000 homes lost electricity but power firms last night said 60,000 had been reconnected.
Another 1,000 families living in CUMBRIA were without power due to the snow and high winds — while the county's Sellafield nuclear plant was forced to close down.
A Sellafield spokesman said: As a precaution the plants on the site have been moved to a controlled, safe, shutdown state.
There are no nuclear specific aspects of this incident.
Up to four inches of snow fell in SHROPSHIRE and YORKSHIRE, while a mammoth 16 INCHES were recorded in parts of NORTHERN SCOTLAND. One couple in HALIFAX, West Yorks, had a true white wedding, braving the snow to tie the knot. Jokers in LIVERPOOL cheered themselves up by writing Happy Easter on snow-covered cars.
But passengers at the city's airport faced delays, as did those in BRADFORD, West Yorks. Dog walkers near LEEDS airport, where there were also hold-ups, didn't let the weather stop them heading out.
Up to another eight inches of snow is expected along the M4 CORRIDOR, with a further inch predicted for the SOUTH EAST and LONDON in the next few days.
It will add to the chaos that saw trucks jack-knifed across roads in the North, including Cumbria.
The RAC told motorists to consider cancelling journeys today.
They are projecting a 25 per cent surge in breakdowns following yesterday's 9,000 call-outs.
Spokesman Simon Williams said: Saturday will see major challenges for motorists. Our advice to those in worst-hit areas is to consider how important your journey is before deciding to travel.
The Local Government Association said hundreds of thousands of tons of salt had been spread, with the same levels available at depots.
It added that council staff will be checking vulnerable people, delivering hot meals and making sure they are OK. Thousands of drivers were spared the school run yesterday.
Nearly 200 schools closed across NORTH WALES, including 61 in the WREXHAM area.
In STAFFORDSHIRE nearly 170 closed their doors, and there were also disruptions in WALSALL, DUDLEY and WOLVERHAMPTON. The freeze comes a year after highs of 22°C (72°F) were recorded in Porthmadog, North Wales.
This spring bucks the long-term warming trend established over the past 30 years, said climate expert Kathy Maskell, of Reading University.
Twitter wags have dubbed the chilly start to the season #ukunsprung — although there was sunshine in parts of London. Heavy rain has also battered parts of the country.
The Environment Agency has issued 18 flood alerts along the SOUTH WEST COAST, with a further 80 in place elsewhere.
All the above is how The Sun reported the weather... THIS IS NOT NEWS! It is STILL Winter so build a bridge and get over it! The snow will not cause an army of killer snowmen like in Dr Who and we will not dissolve like the Wicked Witch Of The West!
Which High Street Shops will blame the bad weather over Easter first then?
Spaceheads - Sun Radar Live
Spaceheads play Sun Radar at their EP launch at Club Integral the Others in May 2013. Projections by Jaime Rory Lucys Rucksack Cinema, Footage by Owen Llewellyn. Andy Diagram Trumpet, Richard Harrison Drums.
For more info and to download Spaceheads Sun Radar EP go to
Knighton, Powys, Wales, Welsh Marches, UK.
Lying on the border of England and Wales, standing on Offa's Dyke, Knighton (Tref-y-Clawdd) gives the visitor a glimpse of perhaps what small towns were like several decades ago. As well as possessing an interesting variety of shops, pubs, and a library and museum too, more than anything there is a feeling of tranquillity to the place. Crows hop and caw in the quiet side streets; we came across what looked like the abandoned remnants of a garage sale; then just around the corner a shopping trolley with a child's plastic seaside bucket containing a crab, adding an appealing quirkiness to the town.
The Dyke was built toward the end of the 8th Century by King Offa to separate the kingdoms of Mercia from Wales. It ran for 149 miles from Chepstow to Prestatyn and some 80 miles of The Dyke is still traceable today.
Helston Railway Brake Van Trip July 2012
My first trip on the Helston Railway and in a Brake Van! This was filmed just before the move of the main work area from Trevarno. Despite the recent challenges the railway continues to grow from strength to strength so next time you are in Cornwall why not pay us a visit
Aberystwyth
Aberystwyth (Mouth of the Ystwyth, /ˌæbəˈrɪstwɪθ/, Welsh: [abɛrˈəstʊɨθ]) is a historic market town, administrative centre and holiday resort within Ceredigion, West Wales. Often colloquially known as Aber, it is located near the confluence of the rivers Ystwyth and Rheidol.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
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STAGECOACH WEST GLOUCESTER DENNIS TRIDENT VX04 GHU MATSON TO GLOUCESTER, SAT 22ND JUNE 2019
STAGECOACH WEST GLOUCESTER
DENNIS TRIDENT VX04 GHU
SERVICE 1 : MATSON TO GLOUCESTER
SAT 22ND JUNE 2019
Filmed aboard the 16:40 Service 1 from Gloucester to Matson, and filmed on its return journey.
JW.org on BBC National Radio · Jehovah's Witness 'Shunning' doctrine discussed with Phone-in calls.
JW.org Shunning item starts 45:00 · The Jehovah's Witnesses practice of Shunning discussed, cult members ordered & directed to shun their own family. Twenty minute segment at 45;00 w/ phone in.
© Copyright BBC Radio
Jeremy Vine program, Presented by Vanessa Feltz
Broadcast, Tuesday 31 July 2018
Source,
Watch This --
YT
July/ August 2018 JW.org on BBC National Radio · The Jehovah's Witness 'Shunning' doctrine discussed and with Phone-in calls.
#exJW #JehovahsWitnesses #Watchtower #JWorg
List of British heritage and private railways | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:06 1 England
00:01:15 1.1 South West
00:01:23 1.1.1 Standard gauge
00:01:58 1.1.2 Railway centres and museums
00:02:22 1.1.3 Narrow gauge
00:03:00 1.1.4 Miniature gauge
00:03:32 1.1.5 Tramways
00:03:43 1.2 East of England
00:03:51 1.2.1 Standard gauge
00:04:19 1.2.2 Railway centres and museums
00:04:36 1.2.3 Narrow gauge
00:05:06 1.2.4 Miniature gauge
00:05:33 1.2.5 Tramways
00:05:44 1.3 East Midlands
00:05:53 1.3.1 Standard gauge
00:06:25 1.3.2 Railway centres and museums
00:06:50 1.3.3 Narrow gauge
00:07:22 1.3.4 Miniature gauge
00:07:55 1.3.5 Tramways
00:08:07 1.4 North England
00:08:15 1.4.1 Standard gauge
00:09:09 1.4.2 Railway centres and museums
00:09:39 1.4.3 Narrow gauge
00:10:10 1.4.4 Miniature gauge
00:11:02 1.4.5 Tramways
00:11:41 1.5 South East
00:11:49 1.5.1 Standard gauge
00:12:25 1.5.2 Railway centres and museums
00:12:57 1.5.3 Narrow gauge
00:13:39 1.5.4 Miniature gauge
00:14:43 1.5.5 Tramways
00:14:54 1.6 West Midlands
00:15:03 1.6.1 Standard gauge
00:15:44 1.6.2 Railway centres and museums
00:16:04 1.6.3 Narrow gauge
00:16:45 1.6.4 Miniature gauge
00:17:13 1.6.5 Tramways
00:17:25 1.7 Tramways
00:18:20 1.8 Proposed
00:18:28 1.8.1 East of England
00:18:49 1.8.2 North of England
00:19:03 1.8.3 South and West of England
00:19:40 1.9 Defunct
00:22:15 2 Northern Ireland
00:22:28 2.1 Broad gauge
00:22:39 2.2 Railway centres and museums
00:22:57 2.3 Narrow gauge
00:23:12 2.4 Defunct
00:23:29 3 Scotland
00:23:37 3.1 Standard gauge
00:23:46 3.1.1 Central Highlands
00:23:54 3.1.2 East Coast of Scotland
00:24:06 3.1.3 Scottish Borders
00:24:18 3.2 Railway centres and museums
00:24:32 3.3 Narrow gauge
00:24:48 3.4 Miniature railways
00:25:10 3.5 Tramways
00:25:22 3.6 Proposed
00:25:37 3.7 Defunct
00:26:00 4 Wales
00:26:09 4.1 North Wales
00:26:17 4.1.1 Standard gauge
00:26:29 4.1.2 Railway centres and museums
00:26:49 4.1.3 Narrow gauge
00:27:26 4.1.4 Miniature railways
00:27:47 4.1.5 Tramways
00:28:02 4.2 Mid Wales
00:28:10 4.2.1 Narrow gauge
00:28:18 4.2.2 Miniature railways
00:28:29 4.3 South Wales
00:28:38 4.3.1 Standard gauge
00:28:51 4.3.2 Narrow gauge
00:29:10 4.4 Proposed
00:29:18 4.5 North Wales
00:29:37 4.5.1 Narrow gauge
00:29:48 4.6 South Wales
00:29:56 4.6.1 Standard gauge
00:30:07 4.7 Defunct
00:30:39 5 Isle of Man
00:31:09 6 Channel Islands
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This is a list of heritage, private and preserved railways throughout the United Kingdom and the Crown dependencies whether operational or former, for charitable purposes or shareholder profit. Some also provide a local economic transport purpose. For rail museums, see List of British railway museums.
Many of the standard-gauge railways listed (thus including former branch lines and ex-mainline routes) were closed by British Railways (later shortened to British Rail) under the Beeching Axe of the 1960s. Others later or earlier closed. All ceased their public financing with up-to-date rolling stock and often avoided electrification and electronic signals to be restored and operated as heritage lines. A smaller number of lines were formerly both industrial and colliery railways.
Many of these preserved railways and railway centres such as stations, engineering workshops and collections of old locomotives are mentioned in national and international tour guides, and visits may form part of a school curriculum and centres of other studies including in civil engineering, mechanics, social, economic and political history, visual arts and drama.
Ashton To Glossop
A Drive from Ashton to Manor Park in Glossop
Bailiffs Cottage Camping & Caravanning Club CS
A delightful little CS, just 20 minutes from home!
UK: Leaving Weybourne station on board the North Norfolk Railway's 4 car Class 101 DMU
Leaving Weybourne station onboard the North Norfolk Railway's lovingly restored 4 car Class 101 DMU during the lines ‘Mixed Traction Gala’ on 14th June 2019.
The train shown is 2C33, the 1554 Holt to Sheringham.
Individual vehicle numbers are:
51188/56352 (on loan from the National Railway Museum)
51228/56062 (owned by the North Norfolk Railway)
The North Norfolk Railway (NNR) – also known as the Poppy Line – is a heritage steam railway in Norfolk, England, running between the towns of Sheringham and Holt. It cuts through the countryside to the east of Weybourne with views of its windmill and passes through the well preserved country station which also houses a locomotive shed together with a carriage maintenance and restoration centre.
The line, which is just over 5 miles (8.0 km) long, once formed part of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway. Work on rebuilding the line started in 1965, and on 4 June 1967, two steam locomotives were delivered. The operating company, North Norfolk Railway plc, was launched in 1965 following the granting of two Light Railway Orders. In May 1973, the railway was the scene of filming for the episode The Royal Train of the popular TV programme Dad's Army. The railway won the 'Independent Railway of the Year' award in 2006.
At Sheringham the line has now been reconnected to the National Rail network station via an 'occasional use' level crossing. There are two stops between Sheringham and Holt – Weybourne (about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the village) and Kelling Heath.
The main restoration sheds are at Weybourne. They have room to accommodate four standard length British Railways Mark 1 coaches and six large steam or diesel locomotives. New carriage storage sheds have been built near Holt with Heritage Lottery funding. These have the capacity to store the equivalent of 18 Mark 1 coaches. The railway is operated mainly by volunteers
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The British Rail Classes 101 and 102 diesel multiple units were built by Metro-Cammell at Washwood Heath in Birmingham, England from 1956 to 1959, following construction of a series of prototype units. These classes proved to be some of the most successful and longest-lived of BR's First Generation DMUs, second in longevity only to the Class 121, with the final five units being withdrawn on 24 December 2003. In 2000, the Class 101s were withdrawn from ScotRail.
The oldest set was, by then, just over 47 years old.
Class 101 DMUs were used across much of the British Rail network (with the notable exceptions of the Southern Region and the Western Region - apart from some inter-regional workings). Notable concentration of services included:
East of Scotland (to/from Edinburgh Waverley)
West Midlands
Teesside
Tyneside
West Yorkshire
The Class 101 was one of the largest classes of first-generation DMUs and, partly thanks to their relatively late withdrawal from revenue-earning service, numerous vehicles have been preserved on heritage railways. There are only three centre cars preserved: at the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway, North Yorkshire Moors Railway and Mid-Norfolk Railway. No Trailer Brake Seconds were saved.
The Class 101 DMUs were the basis for the character Daisy the Diesel Railcar in The Railway Series books written by the Rev. W. Awdry, and the spinoff television series Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends, although Daisy is a single car.
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Weybourne railway station is a station in Weybourne, Norfolk on the preserved North Norfolk Railway. It was formerly part of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway route between Melton Constable and Cromer. It is part of the proposed Norfolk Orbital Railway route, which could see National Rail trains running from Sheringham to Wymondham.
The station itself is located over a mile from the Norfolk village of Weybourne and is closer to Weybourne Heath. It was not originally intended to be the site of a station, and opened in 1901 (later than most of the line) at the behest of a local hotel owner.
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FMQs 17/04/18 BSL Mixed s(Welsh & English /CPW 17/04/18 BSL cymysg (Cymraeg a Saesneg)
Y Cyfarfod Llawn yw cyfarfod o'r Cynulliad cyfan, a gynhelir yn Siambr drafod y Senedd. Y Llywydd sy’n cadeirio’r Cyfarfod Llawn a dyma’r prif fforwm i Aelodau’r Cynulliad gyflawni eu rôl fel cynrychiolwyr sydd wedi’u hethol yn ddemocrataidd.
Cynhelir y Cyfarfod Llawn ddwywaith yr wythnos ar ddydd Mawrth a dydd Mercher ac mae’n agored i’r cyhoedd neu ar gael i wylio yn fyw, neu ar alw yma ar YouTube neu ar wefan Senedd TV.
Plenary is the meeting of the whole Assembly which takes place in the Siambr, the Senedd’s debating chamber. Plenary is chaired by the Presiding Officer and is the main forum for Assembly Members to carry out their roles as democratically elected representatives.
Plenary takes place twice a week on Tuesdays and Wednesdays and is open to the public, you can also watch it live or on demand here on YouTube or on Senedd.TV.
Wales | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Wales
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Wales (Welsh: Cymru [ˈkəmri] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,680 miles (2,700 km) of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.
Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales, though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, development of the mining and metallurgical industries transformed the country from an agricultural society into an industrial nation; the South Wales Coalfield's exploitation caused a rapid expansion of Wales' population. Two-thirds of the population live in South Wales, including Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and the nearby valleys. Now that the country's traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline, Wales' economy depends on the public sector, light and service industries and tourism.
Although Wales closely shares its political and social history with the rest of Great Britain, and a majority of the population in most areas speaks English as a first language, the country has retained a distinct cultural identity and is officially bilingual. Over 560,000 Welsh language speakers live in Wales, and the language is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the land of song, in part due to the eisteddfod tradition. At many international sporting events, such as the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, Wales has its own national teams, though at the Olympic Games, Welsh athletes compete as part of a Great Britain team. Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness.