Pachamama by Bus, Caldera, Copiapó Province, Atacama Region, Chile, South America
Pachamama is a goddess revered by the indigenous people of the Andes. She is also known as the earth/time mother. In Inca mythology, Mama Pacha or Pachamama is a fertility goddess who presides over planting and harvesting. She causes earthquakes and is typically in the form of a dragon. She is also an ever present and independent deity who has her own self-sufficient and creative power to sustain life on this earth. Pachamama is the wife of Pachakamac and her sons are Inti, the sun god, and Killa, the moon goddess. In Quechua cosmology, these are the four organizing principles of nature based on water, earth, sun, and moon. Llamas as well as burned, elaborate miniature garments are sacrificed to her. After the conquest by Spain, which forced conversion to Roman Catholicism, the figure of the Virgin Mary became united with that of the Pachamama for many of the indigenous people. In pre-Hispanic literature, Pachamama is seen as a cruel goddess eager to collect her sacrifices. As Peru began to form into a nation, however, Pachamama began to be and to this day is perceived as being benevolent and giving. She is also seen as nature itself. Thus, problems arise when people take too much from nature because they are taking too much from Pachamama. Pachamama is usually translated as Mother Earth, but a more literal translation would be World Mother (in Aymara and Quechua. Since there is no equal diction in modern Spanish or English, it was translated by the first Spaniard Chronists as mama = mother / pacha = world or land; and later widened in a modern meaning as the cosmos or the universe). The Inca goddess can be referred to in multiple ways; the primary way being Pachamama. Other names for her are: Mama Pacha, La Pachamama, and Mother Earth. La Pachamama differs from Pachamama because the 'La' signifies the interwoven connection that the goddess has with nature, whereas Pachamama--without the 'La' refers to only the goddess. Pachamama and Inti are believed to be the most benevolent deities; they are worshiped in parts of the Andean mountain ranges, also known as Tawantinsuyu (the former Inca Empire) (stretching from present day Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile and northern Argentina being present day Peru the center of the empire with its capital city in Cuzco). Pachamama is known to the people of the Andean region as a good mother. Therefore, people usually toast to her honor before every meeting or festivity, in some regions by spilling a small amount of chicha on the floor, before drinking the rest. This toast is called challa and it is made almost every day. Pachamama has a special worship day called Martes de challa (Challa's Tuesday), when people bury food, throw candies, and burn incense. In some cases, celebrants assist traditional priests, known as yatiris in Aymara, in performing ancient rites to bring good luck or the good will of the goddess, such as sacrificing guinea pigs or burning llama fetuses (although this is no longer common). The festival coincides with Shrove Tuesday, also celebrated as Carnevale or Mardi Gras. The central ritual to Pachamama is the Challa or Pago (Payment). It is carried out during all the month of August, and in many places also on the first Friday of each month. Other ceremonies are carried out in special times, as upon leaving for a trip or upon passing an apacheta. According to Mario Rabey and Rodolfo Merlino, Argentine anthropologists who studied the Andean culture from the 1970s to the 1990s, The most important ritual is the challaco. Challaco is a deformation of the Quechua words 'ch'allay' and 'ch'allakuy', that refer to the action to insistently sprinkle. In the current language of the campesinos of the southern Central Andes, the word challar is used in the sense of to feed and to give drink to the land'. The challaco covers a complex series of ritual steps that begin in the family dwellings the night before. They cook a special food, the tijtincha. The ceremony culminates at a pond or stream, where the people offer a series of tributes to Pachamama, including food, beverage, leaves of coca and cigars. Rituals to honor Pachamama take place all year, but are especially abundant in August, right before the sowing season. Because August is the coldest month of the winter season in the southern Andes, people feel more vulnerable to illness at this time. August is therefore regarded as a tricky month. During this time of mischief, the Andean people believe that they must be on very good terms with nature in order to keep themselves and their crops and livestock healthy and protected. In order to do this, families perform cleansing rituals by burning plants wood and other items in order to scare evil spirits who are thought to be more abundant at this time. People also drink a certain kind of tea called mate which is thought to give good luck.
Kamal Gonzalez con Los Pachamama La Bamba Santiago de Chile
Gracias a mi hermano chileno Manuel Parraguez que grabó este video, y a los amigos de la Décima Orquesta y del Chancho Seis, de Santiago de Chile, por permitirnos compartir nuestra música.
2007 South America By Bus, From Valparaiso, To Mendoza, Via Aconcagua, Chili - Argentine
WIKI
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Valpo :
Aconcagua : ou
Stan Getz :
L'Aconcagua, point culminant de la cordillère des Andes et surnommé le « colosse de l'Amérique », est situé en Argentine, à treize kilomètres de la frontière chilienne. Il s'élève à une altitude de 6 962 mètres et domine un vaste parc provincial protégeant des espèces animales typiques de la cordillère, en particulier le condor des Andes et le guanaco, ainsi qu'une végétation rare et fragile. En effet, le climat est aride et la couverture neigeuse ténue, malgré l'existence de quelques glaciers modestes.
Son ascension est relativement aisée pour des personnes acclimatées à l'altitude, malgré des phénomènes venteux parfois violents. Aussi la montagne semble avoir été occupée très tôt par des populations quechuas. La première ascension officielle est réalisée par le Suisse Matthias Zurbriggen en 1897 par la face Nord....
Crossing the Andes Santiago, Chile to Mendoza, Argentina
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Video of the bus ride from Santiago, Chile to Mendoza, Argentina in July of 2013 (winter in South America).
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Santiago, Chile Bus
Santiago, Chile Bus
Chile - Crossed Atacama desert with bus - South America,part 70 - Travel video HD
The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a 600-mile (1,000 km) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world.The Atacama occupies 40,600 square miles (105,000 km2) in northern Chile, composed mostly of salt lakes (salares), sand, and felsic lava flows towards the Andes.
The average rainfall in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just 1 millimetre (0.04 in) per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain.
Video by costiflorea
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My Chilean Adventure — 21 days travelling through the longest country in the world
In August 2015 I travelled to Chile for a month. This video documents my journey from Santiago North to San Pedro de Atacama, then South to Puerto Montt and back, with everything in between. With the Pachamama Bus Tour I saw deserts, lakes, volcanoes, waterfalls and plenty of history in a fantastic trip. #WillyInChile ????????
Bus Tacna to Santiago de Chile
Pachamama tour Da santiago del cile fino a san pedro de atacama
in minibus
sullo sfondo catena di vulcani attvi.... abbiamo perso gli alberi da molti KM sono poi passati i cactus e ore stiamo per scendere nel lago salato de atacama e nel deserto più arido del mondo
PACHAMAMA EN CHILE
PACHAMAMA EN CHILE
Copacabana Ruta Pachamama
Chile. Mola atravessa Atacama de ônibus.MOV
Um pedaço da viagem filmado pela janela do ônibus entre San Pedro de Atacama e Calama no Chile, puro deserto!
Nenhuma casa, nenhuma árvore, nenhum ser humano.
Recuerdos en Caldera
Recopilación de imágenes publicas del Puerto de Caldera.
un viaje en el tiempo para todos los calderinos.
#MILITARESALACALLE
Queman iglesias, atacan a carabineros y civiles. Estas son marchas pacíficas con algunos incidentes
Ecuador, South America, 2009 : Bus Ride Into The Amazon
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CALLE ARTURO PRAT LAMPA
A toda velocidad avanzan los trabajos de calle Arturo Prat. Se trata de la pavimentación con hormigón de alta calidad para asegurar la durabilidad en el tiempo.
El acceso por calle Ignacio Serrano hasta la Plaza de Armas se encuentra habilitado, para lo cual el sentido del tránsito vehicular se restablece normalmente.
Estos trabajos se realizan para mejorar la calidad de vida de nuestras familias. Su comprensión y apoyo son primordiales para el progreso y desarrollo de nuestra comuna.
Valparaiso to Santiago de Chile Bus Ride part 2
Bus ride from Valparaiso to Santiago de Chile from the front seat in the upper deck, view of the Andes mountains.
Un poco de busólogia 2014
Compilado de vídeos de buses que transitan por la zona norte de Chile. Música de fondo de la banda: M83 Canción: Midnight City.
Edición de vídeo: Jorge Maturana V.
Chañaral Village in Atacama Region, Chile
Chañaral Village, Pueblo de Chañaral, Atacama Desert
Chapuzón en Laguna Cejar
La gente del Tour Pachamama By Bus disfrutando y Flotando en Laguna Cejar en San Pedro de Atacama.