Best Attractions and Places to See in Astrakhan, Russia
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List of Best Things to do in Astrakhan
Astrakhan Kremlin
City Embankment
Peter The Great Monument
Astrakhan State Opera and Ballet Theatre
Cathedral of the Assumption
Saraj-Batu
Sculpture Lady with the Dog
Astrakhan Dogadina Art Gallery
G. Tetyushinova's Merchant House
Astrakhan State Nature Reserve
Russia Unveils New Navy Ice-Breaker, The First One in the Last 50 Years
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Events began this week in Moscow honoring the 350th anniversary of boat and shipbuilding in Russia. They are being held by the Russian Historical Society and chaired by Sergey Naryshkin. At one time the anniversary was the only thing to celebrate, because it seemed that the industry was dying. But today we have entered a new era.
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Колыма - родина нашего страха / Kolyma - Birthplace of Our Fear
Не знаю, как у вас, но всю свою жизнь я слышу от родителей: ну будь осторожен, ну не привлекай к себе лишнее внимание, не высовывайся – это очень опасно; и вообще мы простые люди – от нас ничего не зависит.
Мои родители – прекрасные люди, я безумно их люблю. Но они говорят все это десятилетиями - даже в тех ситуациях, где очевидно нарушается здравый смысл, где творится несправедливость и где мы точно правы.
Я всегда думал: откуда у старшего поколения этот страх, это стремление мазать все серой краской? Почему они боятся, что даже за минимальную смелость обязательно прилетит наказание? Моя гипотеза: этот страх зародился еще в прошлом веке и через поколения добрался до нас. Одно из мест, где этот страх появлялся, - Колыма.
Для максимального погружения мы проехали всю трассу Колыма. 2000 км тяжеленной дороги. 9 дней пути. И лютый, просто неправдоподобный мороз.
Как люди жили здесь тогда, во время репрессий? Как люди жили после? Как живут люди сейчас?
Все это нам было интересно и важно узнать нам. Все, что узнали, мы рассказываем вам.
Некоторые герои выпуска:
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За одежду спасибо ребятам из компании Если бы не они, совсем не факт, что мы бы пережили эти морозы.
4 Romani in Siberia ep. 5
Acest episod incepe cu un usor abuz din partea celor de la punctul de control unde ne-au cerut 200 euro sau inchisoare, ceea ce era convenabil pentru noi sa fim cazati doua sau trei zile la cald insa ei au insistam sa le dam bani. Ne-am imprietenit cu ei pentru suma de 80 de lei si doua conserve de carne si ne-am continuat drumul prin Pamir pe un traseu ce cobora aproape de granita cu Afghanistanul pana la lasarea serii. Cu o defectiune la sistemul de lubrefiere am ramas pe drum si am asteptat o mana de ajutor, din fericire, dupa reparatii am intalnit un domn ce l-a dus pe Iulian pana in sat sa procure ulei. Norocul ne-a facut un nou prieten, Ibraghim cel care ne-a ajutat, el insistand sa ramanem peste noapte la el. A fost o experienta uimitoare sa dormim la peste 4000m in casa unui localnic si sa ne relaxam in bai termale. Am plecat din Zhong, satul din care era Ibraghim pe firul raului Panj spre khorog coborand spre Duchambe de unde trebuia sa obtinem viza pentru urmatorul obiectiv, Uzbekistan. Odata ajunsi in Samarkan am fost neplacut surprinsi de ninsoare, lipsa statiilor de alimentare cu motorina si bancomatelor de extragere si faptul ca a trebuit sa schimbam bani la negru. Urmarind in continuare fostul drum al matasii am trecut prin Bukhara si Khiva. Am trecut la urmatorul punct, portul Buynak, unde am explorat vapoarele esuate, urmand sa iesim din Tadjikistan unde am stat la dorinta precara a personalului, o zi intreaga la coada de procesare timp in care Stefan a predat engleza vamesilor. Tinteam spre Russia unde am fost foarte bine primiti de Ovidiu si Gelu, care ne-au scris inca de cand eram acasa, si am vizitat impreuna cu ei Astrakhan-ul, primul oras care ne-a aratat ca ne apropiam de casa. Am trecut prin Daghesthan, Makhachkala si Cecenia unde am fost impresionati de nivelul de siguranta publica. Ajunsi in Grozny am fost placut surprinsi de imaginea unui oras modern refacut dupa razboiul Cecnic, considerabil mai placut si linistit decat multe orase rusesti. Dupa nenumarate opriri de catre politie urma sa intram in Georgia unde totul a fost mult mai linistit incepand cu vamesii care nu ne-au obligat sa oprim motorul. Am petrecut momente linistitoare in Georgia fara ne mai simti infricosati de politia care ne ve cere spaga. In schimb la granita turca am fost nevoiti sa oprim motorul si sa executam o pornire precara din panta. Aici am fost placut surprinsi de echilibrul peisajului acvatic si cel montan si de intrevederea cu Murat in Ankara unde ne-a facut o prezentare in detaliu a orasului si neplacut surprinsi de ridicarea masinii parcate pe o strada rezidentiala cu ajutorul lui am reusit sa recuperam masina pentru a putea ajunge in Istambul, urmatoarea destinatie. Trecand fugitiv prin Istambul si Bulgaria am trecut Dunarea si ne-am aclimatizat cu teritoriul romanesc sarbatorind chiar de ziua nationala cu un tur in jurul Palatului Parlamentului.
Editare video: Ciprian Iacob
Muzica: Baba Dochia
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Борис Годунов. Избранный царствовать. Boris Godunov. Chosen to rule
В конце XVI века, после смерти Ивана Грозного, царём становится его сын, болезненный и бездетный Фёдор Иоаннович. «Фёдор царствует, Борис управляет», — так говорили об этом времени. Со смертью Фёдора в начале 1598 года московская ветвь рода Рюриковичей пресеклась, и в Русском государстве свершилось невиданное доселе событие: новый царь был избран.
Подробнее о выставке
Фильм снят при технической поддержке Canon.
САМАЯ СКРЫВАЕМАЯ ТАЙНА. Люди Хотят Знать Правду о Властителях Мира
Самая скрываемая тайна истории. Сегодня люди хотят знать правду о властителях мира.
Кофе по турецки:
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Во второй части мы с вами широкими мазками пройдемся по вымышленной мной истории двух веков, начиная с последствий Потопа и кончая падением Крыма. И на все сложные завитки исторического процесса у нас будет один универсальный ответ. Со времени разрушения государственных структур Великой Тартарии ВО ВЛАСТИ ЛЮДЕЙ НЕТ, А ЕСТЬ ТОЛЬКО НЕЛЮДИ, которые представляют собой либо гибрид человеческого тела и души рептилии, либо гибрид человеческого тела и души животного.
Тайные Знания для вас!
Автор Игорь Пoлyйчик
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Набережная Астрахани. Достопримечательности Астрахани. Памятник Петру Великому.
Одна из главных достопримечательностей Астрахани это памятник Петру Великому, установленный на набережной Астрахани.
Он посвящён последнему царю Всея Руси и человеку, которому Астраханская область обязана своим процветанием и благосостоянием.
Монумент был открыт в 2007 году в честь юбилейной для губернии даты, а именно 285-летия со дня её образования.
По указу Петра Первого в 1717 году на месте нынешней Астраханской области была образована самостоятельная губерния, в которой стали развивать рыболовный промысел. Сам он посетил Астрахань лишь 5 лет спустя, заложив судостроительные верфи и порт. С этого момента и началась история губернии. Памятник, который сегодня является венцом центральной набережной, смотрится величественно, достойно и реалистично.
Пётр Великий стоит лицом к водной глади, держит в одной руке меч, а второй опирается на трость. В этом месте он когда то приказал прорыть канал между Волгой и её речным рукавом. Это был необходимый шаг для утверждения русского господства на Каспии, как и создание военной флотилии в Астрахани.
В строительстве памятника были использованы только качественные материалы. Памятник выполнен из бронзы и установлен на постаменте из розового гранита в виде указателя сторон света, на лучах которого установлены четыре кованных якоря и буквы морского компаса, соответствующие сторонам света. Общая высота памятника с постаментом 9 м, его дополняет кованый свиток с выдержкой из указа об образовании Астраханской губернии, который возложен на подножие постамента.
Площадь вокруг памятника украшают декоративные фонари, некоторые из которых выполнены в виде корабельных мачт, другие украшены памятными табличками с указанием походов Петра Первого и их дат.
Приятного Вам всем просмотра. Кто не подписался на мой канал, обязательно подписывайтесь, будет очень много интересного и полезного.
#памятникПетруВеликомувАстрахани #Астрахань #достопримечательностиАстрахани #НабережнаяАстрахани #монументПетруВеликомувАстрахани #Астрахань24 #ПетрПервый вАстрахани #Астрахань2020 #ПетрВеликийиАстрахань #Астраханьсайт #Астраханьнабережная #памятникустановленный #историяпамятник #проспектАнатолияГужвина
Russian Navy Gets A New Icebreaker For The First Time in 50 Years
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Events began this week in Moscow honoring the 350th anniversary of boat and shipbuilding in Russia. They are being held by the Russian Historical Society and chaired by Sergey Naryshkin. At one time the anniversary was the only thing to celebrate, because it seemed that the industry was dying. But today we have entered a new era.
Nicholas II of Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicholas II of Russia
00:03:16 1 Family background
00:06:34 2 Tsarevich
00:09:51 3 Engagement, accession and marriage
00:13:43 4 Reign
00:13:52 4.1 Coronation
00:17:55 4.2 Initiatives in foreign affairs
00:18:52 4.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:19:40 4.4 Russo-Japanese War
00:22:47 4.5 Anti-Jewish pogroms of 1903–1906
00:23:48 4.6 Bloody Sunday (1905)
00:28:08 4.7 1905 Revolution
00:31:49 4.8 Relationship with the Duma
00:41:58 4.9 Tsarevich Alexei's illness and Rasputin
00:44:33 4.10 European affairs
00:46:48 4.11 Tercentenary
00:47:26 4.12 First World War
00:56:40 4.13 Collapse
01:01:25 4.13.1 Abdication (1917)
01:04:41 4.14 Imprisonment
01:08:10 4.15 Execution
01:11:32 5 Identification
01:13:22 6 Funeral
01:14:12 7 Sainthood
01:16:19 8 Assessment
01:19:54 9 Ancestry
01:20:03 10 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:20:14 10.1 Titles and styles
01:21:29 10.2 Honours
01:22:12 10.2.1 National
01:22:39 10.2.2 Foreign
01:23:30 10.3 Arms
01:23:38 11 Children
01:23:47 12 Wealth
01:25:01 13 Documentaries and films
01:25:37 14 See also
01:25:53 15 Note
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 2 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the execution of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Soviet historians portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.Russia was defeated in the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War which saw the annihilation of the reinforcing Russian Baltic Fleet after being sent on its round-the-world cruise at the naval Battle of Tsushima, off the coasts of Korea and Japan, the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation to the north of South Sakhalin Island. The Anglo-Russian Entente was designed to counter the German Empire's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, but it also ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the United Kingdom. When all Russian diplomatic efforts to prevent the First World War (1914–1918) failed, Nicholas approved the Imperial Russian Army mobilization on 30 July 1914 which gave Imperial Germany formal grounds to declare war on Russia on 1 August 1914. An estimated 3.3 million Russians were killed in the First World War. The Imperial Russian Army's severe losses, the High Command's incompetent management of the war efforts, and lack of food and supplies on the home front were all leading causes of the fall of the House of Romanov.
Following the February Revolution of 1917, Nicholas abdicated on behalf of himself and his son and heir, the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. He and his family were imprisoned and transferred to Tobolsk in late summer 1917. On 30 April 1918, Nicholas, Alexandra, and their daughter Maria were handed over to the local Ural Soviet council in Ekaterinburg (renamed Sverdlovsk during the Soviet era); the rest of the captives followed on 23 May. Nicholas and his family were executed by their Bolshevik guards on the night of 16/17 July 1918. The remains of the imperial family were later found, exhumed, identified and re-interred with elaborate State and Church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998 – 80 years later.
In 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognized as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outsid ...
DAGESTAN - WikiVidi Documentary
Dagestan , officially the Republic of Dagestan , is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and largest city is Makhachkala, centrally located on the Caspian Sea coast. With a population of 2,910,249, Dagestan is very ethnically diverse and Russia's most heterogeneous republic, with the largest ethnicity constituting less than 30% of the population. Largest among the ethnicities are the Avar, Dargin, Kumyk, Lezgian, Laks, Azerbaijani, Tabasaran, and Chechen. Ethnic Russians comprise about 3.6% of Dagestan's total population. Russian is the primary official language and the lingua franca among the ethnicities. Dagestan has been a scene of Islamic insurgency, occasional outbreaks of separatism, and ethnic tension since the 1990s. According to the International Crisis Group, the militant Islamist organization Shariat Jamaat is responsible for much of the violence. Much of the tension is rooted in an internal Islamic conflict between traditional ...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:01:51 Toponymy
00:02:41 Mountains
00:03:13 Early 1st millennium
00:04:25 Islamic influence
00:05:05 Alternating Persian and Russian rule
00:06:55 Russian rule consolidated
00:07:44 Risings against imperial Russia
00:08:31 Soviet era
00:10:04 Post-Soviet era
00:11:06 Politics
00:12:56 Demographics
00:13:18 Ethnicities
00:14:26 Languages
00:15:41 Religion
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Российская Империя: Анна и Елизавета. [03/16] [Eng Sub]
Российская Империя. Анна Иоанновна и Елизавета Петровна.
* Бирон, герцог Курляндский — единственный фаворит императрицы Анны.
* Ледяной дом — самая жестокая царская забава.
* Переворот Елизаветы. Основание Университета.
* Ломоносов. Маскарады при дворе.
* Самое пышное Барокко — Зимний и Екатерининский дворец Расстрелли.
* Семилетняя война.
* Русские казаки в Берлине.
Российская Империя: Николай I, часть 2. [10/16] [Eng Sub]
Российская Империя. Николай I. Часть вторая.
* Создание жандармерии — Третьего отделения Его Императорского Величества Канцелярии.
* Триада «православие, самодержавие, народность».
* Новый российский гимн «Боже, царя храни».
* Спор «западников» и «славянофилов». Кавказская война.
* Александр Герцен и его Колокол.
* Подавление Венгерской революции.
* Официальная культура — скульптор Клодт, баснописец Крылов, архитектор Тон, художник Айвазовский.
* Крымская война.
The Torrents of Spring Audiobook by Ivan Turgenev | Audiobook with subtitles
The Torrents of Spring
Ivan TURGENEV , translated by Constance GARNETT
The Torrents of Spring, also known as Spring Torrents (Russian: Вешние воды), is a novel written by Ivan Turgenev during 1870 and 1871 when he was in his fifties. The story centers around a young Russian landowner named Dimitry Sanin who falls deliriously in love for the first time while visiting the German city of Frankfurt. It is widely held as one Turgenev's greatest novels as well as being highly autobiographical in nature. - Summary by Wikipedia
Russian original of this novel is also available as a Librivox audiobook
Genre(s): General Fiction
Chapters :
0:20 | Chapters I-III
21:11 | | Chapters IV-VII
44:42 | Chapters VIII-XI
1:05:42 | Chapters XII-XV
1:24:02 | Chapters XVI-XVII
1:45:33 | Chapters XVIII-XX
2:04:40 | Chapters XXI-XXII
2:28:33 | Chapters XXIII-XXIV
2:48:58 | Chapters XXV-XXVI
3:06:28 | Chapters XXVII-XXVIII
3:24:45 | Chapters XXIX-XXX
3:42:53 | Chapters XXXI-XXXII
4:01:53 | Chapters XXXIII-XXXIV
4:20:11 | Chapters XXXV-XXXVI
4:44:04 | Chapters XXXVII-XXXVIII
5:02:13 | Chapters XXXIX-XL
5:28:33 | Chapters XLI-XLII
5:49:25 | Chapters XLIII-XLIV
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Audio Book Audiobooks All Rights Reserved. This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer visit librivox.org.
Dagestan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dagestan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dagestan (; Russian: Дагеста́н), officially the Republic of Dagestan (Russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and largest city is Makhachkala, centrally located on the Caspian Sea coast.
With a population of 2,910,249, Dagestan is very ethnically diverse and Russia's most heterogeneous republic, with the largest ethnicity constituting less than 30% of the population. Largest among the ethnicities are the Avar, Dargin, Kumyk, Lezgian, Laks, Azerbaijani, Tabasaran, and Chechen. Ethnic Russians comprise about 3.6% of Dagestan's total population. Russian is the primary official language and the lingua franca among the ethnicities.Dagestan has been a scene of Islamic insurgency, occasional outbreaks of separatism, and ethnic tension since the 1990s. According to the International Crisis Group, the militant Islamist organization Shariat Jamaat is responsible for much of the violence. Much of the tension is rooted in an internal Islamic conflict between traditional Sufi groups advocating secular government and more recently introduced Salafist teachers preaching the implementation of a certain form of Sharia in Dagestan. Its government was dissolved in a major corruption investigation on 5 February 2018, and the region has since been under the direct control of the Russian government.
Helena Blavatsky | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:45 1 Early life
00:04:26 1.1 Childhood: 1831–1849
00:04:38 1.1.1 Birth and family background
00:07:19 1.1.2 St. Petersburg, Poltava, and Saratov
00:11:35 1.2 World travels: 1849–1869
00:17:55 1.2.1 Tibet
00:21:20 2 Later life
00:21:29 2.1 Embracing Spiritualism and establishing Theosophy: 1870–78
00:21:44 2.1.1 Arriving in New York City
00:25:13 2.1.2 Meeting Henry Steel Olcott and the foundation of the Theosophical Society
00:29:22 2.1.3 iIsis Unveiled/i
00:31:56 2.2 India: 1879–1885
00:41:01 2.3 Final years in Europe: 1885–1891
00:48:48 3 Personal life
00:52:39 3.1 Socio-political beliefs
00:54:33 4 Theories and doctrines
00:55:05 4.1 Theosophy, the Masters, and the Ancient Wisdom
00:59:25 4.2 Theology, cosmogony, and the place of humanity
01:05:26 5 Reception
01:11:40 6 Influence
01:11:50 6.1 Theosophical movement
01:13:57 6.2 Western esotericism
01:16:39 6.3 Linguistics
01:17:36 6.4 South Asian religion and politics
01:20:51 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Russian: Еле́на Петро́вна Блава́тская, Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya; 12 August [O.S. 31 July] 1831 – 8 May 1891) was a Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. She gained an international following as the leading theoretician of Theosophy, the esoteric religion that the society promoted.
Born into an aristocratic Russian-German family in Yekaterinoslav, then in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine), Blavatsky traveled widely around the empire as a child. Largely self-educated, she developed an interest in Western esotericism during her teenage years. According to her later claims, in 1849 she embarked on a series of world travels, visiting Europe, the Americas, and India. She also claimed that during this period she encountered a group of spiritual adepts, the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, who sent her to Shigatse, Tibet, where they trained her to develop a deeper understanding of the synthesis of religion, philosophy and science. Both contemporary critics and later biographers have argued that some or all of these foreign visits were fictitious, and that she spent this period in Europe. By the early 1870s, Blavatsky was involved in the Spiritualist movement; although defending the genuine existence of Spiritualist phenomena, she argued against the mainstream Spiritualist idea that the entities contacted were the spirits of the dead. Relocating to the United States in 1873, she befriended Henry Steel Olcott and rose to public attention as a spirit medium, attention that included public accusations of fraudulence.
In New York City, Blavatsky co-founded the Theosophical Society with Olcott and William Quan Judge in 1875. In 1877 she published Isis Unveiled, a book outlining her Theosophical world-view. Associating it closely with the esoteric doctrines of Hermeticism and Neoplatonism, Blavatsky described Theosophy as the synthesis of science, religion and philosophy, proclaiming that it was reviving an Ancient Wisdom which underlay all the world's religions. In 1880 she and Olcott moved to India, where the Society was allied to the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. That same year, while in Ceylon she and Olcott became the first people from the United States to formally convert to Buddhism. Although opposed by the British administration, Theosophy spread rapidly in India but experienced internal problems after Blavatsky was accused of producing fraudulent paranormal phenomena. Amid ailing health, in 1885 she returned to Europe, there establishing the Blavatsky Lodge in London. Here she published The Secret Doctrine, a commentary on what she claimed were ancient Tibetan manuscripts, as well as two further books, T ...
Safavid dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
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Safavid dynasty
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Safavid dynasty (; Persian: دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The Safavid shahs ruled over one of the Gunpowder Empires. They ruled one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Iran, and established the Twelver school of Shia Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history.
The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry (Kurdish and Azerbaijani, which included intermarriages with Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries). From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran.The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Despite their demise in 1736, the legacy that they left behind was the revival of Persia as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon checks and balances, their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Shi'a Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia.
Crimean Khanate | Wikipedia audio article
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Crimean Khanate
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Crimean Khanate (Mongolian: Крымын ханлиг; Crimean Tatar / Ottoman Turkish: Къырым Ханлыгъы, Qırım Hanlığı, قرم خانلغى or Къырым Юрту, Qırım Yurtu, قرم يورتى; Russian: Крымское ханство, translit. Krymskoje hanstvo; Ukrainian: Кримське ханство, Krymśke chanstvo; Polish: Chanat Krymski) was a Turkic vassal state of the Ottoman Empire from 1478 to 1774, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde of Mongol origin. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1449, the Crimean khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan through marriage; Temür married one of Genghis Khan's granddaughters. The khanate was located in present-day Russia and Ukraine.
Ottoman forces under Gedik Ahmet Pasha conquered all of the Crimean peninsula and joined it to the khanate in 1475. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Crimean Khanate was an important center of the slave trade. In 1774, it was released as a nationally independent state, following the Russo-Turkish Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, and formally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1783, becoming the Taurida Governorate.
Slave trade | Wikipedia audio article
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Slave trade
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. However the social, economic, and legal positions of slaves were vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places.Slavery appears in the Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi (c. 1860 BC), which refers to it as an established institution.Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations, because it is developed as a system of social stratification. Slavery was known in the very first civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopotamia which dates back as far as 3500 BC. The Byzantine–Ottoman wars and the Ottoman wars in Europe resulted in the taking of large numbers of Christian slaves. Slavery became common within much of Europe during the Dark Ages and it continued into the Middle Ages. The Dutch, French, Spanish, Portuguese, British, Arabs and a number of West African kingdoms played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade, especially after 1600. David P. Forsythe wrote: The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom. The Republic of Dubrovnik was the first European country to ban the slave trade in 1416, and in modern times Denmark-Norway in 1802.
Although slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world (with the exception of penal labour), human trafficking remains an international problem and an estimated 25-40 million people are enslaved today, the majority in Asia. During the 1983–2005 Second Sudanese Civil War people were taken into slavery. Evidence emerged in the late 1990s of systematic child slavery and trafficking on cacao plantations in West Africa; see the chocolate and slavery article. Slavery continues into the 21st-century. Although slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007, in Mauritania it is estimated that up to 600,000 men, women and children, or 20% of the population, are currently enslaved, many of them used as bonded labor. Slavery in 21st-century Islamism continues, and women and children have been abducted and enslaved (often as sex slaves) by Islamist quasi-states such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Boko Haram.
St. Nicholas Russian Youth Dancers
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What Putin Really Wants
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I. The Hack
The large, sunny room at Volgograd State University smelled like its contents: 45 college students, all but one of them male, hunched over keyboards, whispering and quietly clacking away among empty cans of Juicy energy drink. “It looks like they’re just picking at their screens, but the battle is intense,” Victor Minin said as we sat watching them.
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