Best Attractions and Places to See in Rio Pardo, Brazil
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List of Best Things to do in Rio Pardo, Brazil
Rua da Ladeira
Regional Center of Culture Rio Pardo Memorial of the Army
Nossa Senhora do Rosario Church
Religious Arts Museum
Capela Senhor dos Passos
Praia dos Ingazeiros
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Before Brasilia: Frontier Life in Central Brazil
In this talk, Mary Karasch discussed her decades-long research on frontier life in central Brazil using diverse sources in Brazil, Portugal, Austria, England and at the Library of Congress. The presentation covered the challenges to finding documents to write about the slaving frontier of Goiás where both indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans resisted enslavement.
For transcript and more information, visit
Brazil | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Brazil
00:03:45 1 Etymology
00:05:16 2 History
00:05:25 2.1 Pre-Cabraline era
00:07:24 2.2 Portuguese colonization
00:10:06 2.3 United Kingdom with Portugal
00:11:57 2.4 Independent empire
00:15:24 2.5 Early republic
00:18:31 2.6 Contemporary era
00:22:25 3 Geography
00:25:40 3.1 Climate
00:27:47 3.2 Biodiversity and environment
00:30:11 4 Government and politics
00:32:48 4.1 Law
00:34:53 4.2 Military
00:37:24 4.3 Foreign policy
00:39:33 4.4 Law enforcement and crime
00:41:23 4.5 Administrative divisions
00:42:58 5 Economy
00:47:32 5.1 Energy
00:48:23 5.2 Tourism
00:53:33 6 Infrastructure
00:53:42 6.1 Science and technology
00:56:15 6.2 Transport
01:00:15 6.3 Health
01:01:56 6.4 Education
01:03:44 6.5 Media and communication
01:05:47 7 Demographics
01:08:03 7.1 Race and ethnicity
01:11:07 7.2 Religion
01:13:40 7.3 Urbanization
01:14:28 7.4 Language
01:18:27 8 Culture
01:19:46 8.1 Architecture
01:21:28 8.2 Music
01:23:31 8.3 Literature
01:24:49 8.4 Cuisine
01:26:42 8.5 Cinema
01:28:52 8.6 Theatre
01:30:39 8.7 Visual arts
01:32:08 8.8 Sports
01:33:58 8.9 National holidays
01:34:07 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 209 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy. It has the eighth largest GDP in the world by both nominal and PPP measures. It is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. It is classified as an upper-middle income ec ...
Madrid | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Madrid
00:03:20 1 Etymology
00:05:35 2 History
00:05:44 2.1 Middle Ages
00:08:00 2.2 Modern Age
00:12:18 2.3 From the 19th century to present day
00:17:10 3 Geography
00:17:54 3.1 Climate
00:19:28 3.2 Water supply
00:20:07 4 Demographics
00:21:07 4.1 Immigration
00:23:12 4.2 Religion
00:23:36 5 Government
00:25:07 5.1 Districts
00:28:00 6 Metropolitan area
00:29:17 7 Cityscape
00:29:25 7.1 Architecture
00:34:00 7.2 Urban sculpture
00:35:39 7.3 Environment
00:44:15 8 Economy
00:45:08 8.1 Economic history
00:46:15 8.2 Present-day economy
00:48:26 8.2.1 Standard of living
00:49:29 8.2.2 Employment
00:50:37 8.2.3 Services
00:52:31 8.2.4 Industry
00:53:36 8.2.5 Construction
00:54:16 8.2.6 International rankings
00:55:02 8.3 Media
00:56:28 9 Art and culture
00:56:38 9.1 Museums and art centres
01:09:04 9.2 Landmarks
01:10:41 9.3 Churches
01:16:31 9.4 Literature
01:19:40 9.5 Nightlife
01:21:03 9.6 Bohemian culture
01:22:17 9.7 Classical music and opera
01:23:36 9.8 Local festivities
01:24:29 9.9 Bullfighting
01:25:15 9.10 LGBTQ culture
01:26:41 10 Sport
01:26:50 10.1 Events
01:27:40 10.2 Football
01:29:14 10.3 Basketball
01:30:00 10.4 Sport clubs
01:30:09 11 Education
01:30:29 11.1 Universities
01:37:12 11.2 Business schools
01:38:30 12 Transport
01:38:58 12.1 Roads
01:40:48 12.2 Local transport
01:42:33 12.3 Long-distance transport
01:44:10 13 International relations
01:44:20 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:44:33 13.2 Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities
01:44:53 13.3 Other partnerships
01:45:02 14 Notable people
01:45:11 15 Honours
01:45:27 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Madrid (, Spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has almost 3.2 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU), smaller than only London and Berlin, and its monocentric metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU, smaller only than those of London and Paris. The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi).Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.
The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid. Due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered the major financial centre of Southern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula; it hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies, such as Telefónica, IAG or Repsol. Madrid is the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine, in its 2017 index.Madrid houses the headquarters of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), belonging to the United Nations Organization (UN), the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB). It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, headquarters of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the Cervantes Institute and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish (Fundéu BBVA). Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI a ...
Indigenous peoples of the Americas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants.
Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires.
Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and the United States. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
Madrid | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:19 1 Etymology
00:05:34 2 History
00:05:43 2.1 Middle Ages
00:08:00 2.2 Modern Age
00:12:21 2.3 From the 19th century to present day
00:17:21 3 Geography
00:18:11 3.1 Climate
00:19:48 3.2 Water supply
00:20:27 4 Demographics
00:21:43 4.1 Immigration
00:23:51 4.2 Religion
00:24:16 5 Government and administration
00:24:25 5.1 Local government and administration
00:26:06 5.1.1 Districts
00:28:59 5.2 Regional capital
00:29:34 5.3 Capital of Spain
00:30:24 6 Metropolitan area
00:31:42 7 Cityscape
00:31:51 7.1 Architecture
00:36:28 7.2 Urban sculpture
00:38:09 7.3 Environment
00:46:56 8 Economy
00:47:50 8.1 Economic history
00:48:57 8.2 Present-day economy
00:51:08 8.2.1 Standard of living
00:52:12 8.2.2 Employment
00:53:22 8.2.3 Services
00:55:19 8.2.4 Industry
00:56:24 8.2.5 Construction
00:57:06 8.2.6 International rankings
00:57:53 8.3 Media
00:59:20 9 Art and culture
00:59:29 9.1 Museums and art centres
01:12:20 9.2 Landmarks
01:13:59 9.3 Churches
01:19:57 9.4 Literature
01:23:19 9.5 Nightlife
01:24:43 9.6 Bohemian culture
01:25:56 9.7 Classical music and opera
01:27:15 9.8 Local festivities
01:28:10 9.9 Bullfighting
01:28:57 9.10 LGBTQ culture
01:30:25 10 Sport
01:30:34 10.1 Events
01:31:25 10.2 Football
01:33:17 10.3 Basketball
01:34:04 10.4 Sport clubs
01:34:13 11 Education
01:34:33 11.1 Universities
01:40:25 11.2 Business schools
01:41:43 12 Transport
01:42:12 12.1 Roads
01:44:04 12.2 Local transport
01:45:58 12.3 Long-distance transport
01:47:58 13 International relations
01:48:08 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:48:34 13.2 Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities
01:48:56 13.3 Other city partnerships
01:49:05 13.4 Parneships with international organizations
01:49:37 14 Notable people
01:49:47 15 Honours
01:50:02 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9462009147972144
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Madrid (, Spanish: [maˈðɾið], locally [maˈðr(:)iθ] (listen)) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU), smaller than only London and Berlin, and its monocentric metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU, smaller only than those of London and Paris. The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi).Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.
The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid. Due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe. It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies, such as Telefónica, IAG or Repsol. Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine, in its 2017 index.Madrid houses the headquarters of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), belonging to the United Nations Organization (UN), the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization ...
São Paulo | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
São Paulo
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
São Paulo (; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu] (listen)) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The metropolis is an alpha global city (as listed by the GaWC) and the most populous city in Brazil, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The municipality is also the Earth's 11th largest city proper by population. The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo, one of the most populous and wealthiest states in Brazil. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The name of the city honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere, the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange. Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo. The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world, representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo, being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil, and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005. With a GDP of US$477 billion, the São Paulo city alone would have ranked 26th globally compared with countries by 2017 estimates.The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil, including the Mirante do Vale, Edifício Itália, Banespa, North Tower and many others. The city has cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It is home to monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Ibirapuera Park, Museum of Ipiranga, São Paulo Museum of Art, and the Museum of the Portuguese Language. The city holds events like the São Paulo Jazz Festival, São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazilian Grand Prix, São Paulo Fashion Week and the ATP Brasil Open. The São Paulo Gay Pride Parade rivals the New York City Pride March as the largest gay pride parade in the world. It is headquarters of the Brazilian television networks Band, Gazeta, and RecordTV.
São Paulo is a cosmopolitan, melting pot city, home to the largest Arab, Italian, and Japanese diasporas, with examples including ethnic neighborhoods of Mercado, Bixiga, and Liberdade respectively. São Paulo is also home to the largest Jewish population in Brazil, with about 75,000 Jews. In 2016, inhabitants of the city were native to over 200 different countries. People from the city are known as paulistanos, while paulistas designates anyone from the state, including the paulistanos. The city's Latin motto, which it has shared with the battleship and the aircraft carrier named after it, is Non ducor, duco, which translates as I am not led, I lead. The city, which is also colloquially known as Sampa or Terra da Garoa (Land of Drizzle), is known for its unreliable weather, the size of its helicopter fleet, its architecture, gastronomy, severe traffic congestion and skyscrapers. São Paulo was one of the host cities of the 1950 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, the city hosted the IV Pan American Games and the São Paulo Indy 300.
Genocides in history | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Genocides in history
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the groups conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.The preamble to the CPPCG states that genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world and that at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity.Determining what historical events constitute a genocide and which are merely criminal or inhuman behavior is not a clear-cut matter. In nearly every case where accusations of genocide have circulated, partisans of various sides have fiercely disputed the details and interpretation of the event, often to the point of depicting wildly different versions of the facts.
Spanish Empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Spanish Empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Spanish Empire (Spanish: Imperio Español; Latin: Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history. From the late 15th century to the early 19th, Spain controlled a huge overseas territory in the New World and the Asian archipelago of the Philippines, what they called The Indies (Spanish: Las Indias). It also included territories in Europe, Africa and Oceania. The Spanish Empire has been described as the first global empire in history, a description also given to the Portuguese Empire. It was the world's most powerful empire during the 16th and first half of the 17th centuries, reaching its maximum extension in the 18th century. The Spanish Empire was the first empire to be called the empire on which the sun never sets.Castile became the dominant kingdom in Iberia because of its jurisdiction over the overseas empire in the Americas and the Philippines. The structure of empire was established under the Spanish Hapsburgs (1516–1700) and under the Spanish Bourbon monarchs, the empire was brought under greater crown control and increased its revenues from the Indies. The crown's authority in The Indies was enlarged by the papal grant of powers of patronage, giving it power in the religious sphere. An important element in the formation of Spain's empire was the dynastic union between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, known as the Catholic Monarchs, which initiated political, religious and social cohesion but not political unification. Iberian kingdoms retained their political identities, with particular administration and juridical configurations.
Although the power of the Spanish sovereign as monarch varied from one territory to another, the monarch acted as such in a unitary manner over all the ruler's territories through a system of councils: the unity did not mean uniformity. In 1580, when Philip II of Spain succeeded to the throne of Portugal (as Philip I), he established the Council of Portugal, which oversaw Portugal and its empire and preserv[ed] its own laws, institutions, and monetary system, and united only in sharing a common sovereign. The Iberian Union remained in place until in 1640, when Portugal overthrew Hapsburg rule and reestablished independence under the House of Braganza. Under Philip, Spain, rather than the Hapsburg empire, was identified as the most powerful nation in the world, easily eclipsing France and England. Furthermore, despite attacks from other European states, Spain retained its position of dominance with apparent ease.
The Battle of Pavia (1525) marked the beginning of Spanish dominance in Italy. Spain's claims to Naples and Sicily in southern Italy dated back to the 15th century, but had been marred by rival claims until the mid-16th century. While Venice, the Papal States, Este, and Savoy retained their independence, the rest of the Italian Peninsula either became part of the Spanish Empire or looked to it for protection. There would be no Italian revolts against Spanish rule until 1647. The death of the Ottoman emperor Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566 and the naval victory over the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 gave Spain a claim to be the greatest power not just in Europe but also in the world. The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies of the Spanish Monarch in the Americas, Asia (Philippines),
Europe and some territories in Africa and Oceania.
The Spanish Empire in the Americas was formed after conquering large stretches of land, beginning with Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean Islands. In the early 16th century, it conquered and incorporated the Aztec and Inca Empires, retaining indigenous elites loyal to the Spanish crown and converts to Christianity as intermediaries between their communities and royal government. After a short period of delegation of autho ...
Outline of the United Nations | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:40 1 Legal foundation: The United Nations Charter
00:03:14 2 Membership
00:03:26 3 United Nations System
00:03:39 3.1 Core structure of the United Nations
00:03:50 3.1.1 General Assembly
00:04:48 3.1.2 Security Council
00:05:24 3.1.3 Economic and Social Council
00:06:53 3.1.4 United Nations Secretariat
00:07:53 3.1.4.1 United Nations Secretariat offices
00:08:26 3.1.4.2 United Nations Secretariat departments
00:09:13 3.1.5 International Court of Justice
00:09:32 3.1.5.1 International Court of Justice cases
00:10:15 3.1.5.2 International Court of Justice judges
00:11:37 3.1.6 Trusteeship Council
00:11:50 3.2 Funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other bodies
00:12:04 3.2.1 Funds and programmes
00:13:18 3.2.2 Research and training institutes
00:13:52 3.2.3 Secretariats of Conventions
00:14:34 3.2.4 Other entities
00:15:10 3.3 Specialized agencies
00:17:10 3.3.1 International Civil Aviation Organization
00:17:43 3.3.1.1 ICAO airline designator
00:18:01 3.3.1.2 ICAO airport designator
00:21:28 3.3.2 International Monetary Fund
00:22:04 3.3.2.1 Managing directors of the International Monetary Fund
00:22:38 3.3.3 International Telecommunication Union
00:23:30 3.3.3.1 ITU-R recommendations
00:24:47 3.3.3.2 ITU-T recommendations
00:30:06 3.3.4 International Labour Organization
00:31:04 3.3.4.1 International Labour Organization Conventions
00:48:18 3.3.5 UNESCO
00:50:23 3.3.5.1 Biosphere reserves
00:56:01 3.3.5.2 UNESCO Directors-General
00:56:36 3.3.5.3 UNESCO Nomenclature
00:56:53 3.3.6 Universal Postal Union
00:57:32 3.3.7 World Bank
00:59:26 3.3.7.1 Presidents of the World Bank
00:59:59 3.3.7.2 World Bank Chief Economists
01:00:20 3.3.8 World Health Organization
01:01:01 3.3.8.1 Human Development Index
01:01:40 4 History of the United Nations
01:01:51 4.1 League of Nations
01:03:25 4.1.1 League of Nations Mandates
01:04:16 4.2 United Nations Trust Territories
01:04:50 4.3 United Nations peacekeeping missions and operations
01:07:43 4.3.1 United Nations Mission in Kosovo
01:08:04 4.4 United Nations General Assembly Resolutions
01:09:56 4.5 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
01:18:45 4.5.1 2002 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
01:19:09 4.5.2 2003 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
01:19:33 4.5.3 2004 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
01:20:07 4.5.4 2005 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
01:20:36 4.5.5 2006 United Nations Security Council Resolutions
01:22:07 4.6 United Nations reform
01:22:33 4.6.1 United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
01:23:02 4.7 United Nations relations
01:23:39 4.8 United Nations tribunals
01:24:01 4.8.1 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
01:24:22 4.8.1.1 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda judges
01:24:52 4.8.1.2 People charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
01:25:43 4.8.1.3 People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
01:26:09 4.8.2 International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
01:26:37 4.8.2.1 People charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
01:26:49 4.8.2.2 People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
01:27:39 4.8.2.3 People indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
01:29:49 4.9 United Nations Oil-for-Food scandal
01:30:16 4.10 United Nations in education
01:30:26 4.10.1 United Nations schools
01:30:52 4.10.2 Model United Nations
01:31:09 4.11 United Nations observances
01:34:27 4.12 UNESCO designations
01:34:37 4.12.1 World Heritage Sites
01:36:04 4.12.2 World Book Capitals
01:36:25 4.12.3 Recipients of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize
01:37:29 4.12.4 L’Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates
01:37:53 4.12.5 Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
01:39:00 5 United Nations people
01:39:50 5.1 United Nations officials
01:43:21 5.1.1 Ambassadors to the United Nations
01:47:16 5.1.1.1 List of Australian ambassadors to the United Nations
01:47:31 5.1.1.2 Former British Ambassadors to the United Nations
01:48:04 5.1.1.3 Former Canadian Ambassadors to the United Nations
01:48:21 5.1.1.4 Former Israeli Ambassadors to the United Nations
01:48:38 5.1.1.5 Former Russian and Soviet Ambassadors to the United Nations
01:48:56 5.1.1.6 United States ambassadors to the United Nations
01:49:23 5.1.2 FAO experts
01:50:05 5.1.3 Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
01:52:06 5.1.4 United Nations Secretaries-General
01:52:43 5.1.5 World Health Organisation officials
01:53:29 5.2 Special Rapporteurs to the United Nations
01:54:20 5.3 United Nations Interpreters
01:54:44 5.4 United Nations experts
01:54:57 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Madrid | Wikipedia audio article
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Madrid
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Madrid (, Spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has almost 3.2 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU), smaller than only London and Berlin, and its monocentric metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU, smaller only than those of London and Paris. The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi).Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.
The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid. Due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered the major financial centre of Southern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula; it hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies, such as Telefónica, IAG or Repsol. Madrid is the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine, in its 2017 index.Madrid houses the headquarters of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), belonging to the United Nations Organization (UN), the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB). It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, headquarters of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the Cervantes Institute and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish (Fundéu BBVA). Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI and the Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week.While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Its landmarks include the Royal Palace of Madrid; the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House; the Buen Retiro Park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century National Library building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives; a large number of national museums, and the Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums: Prado Museum, the Reina Sofía Museum, a museum of modern art, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which completes the shortcomings of the other two museums. Cibeles Palace and Fountain have become one of the monument symbols of the city. Madrid is the most visited city of Spain.
Montevideo | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:19 1 Etymology
00:05:26 2 History
00:05:35 2.1 Early history
00:07:54 2.2 19th century
00:14:54 2.3 20th century
00:18:57 2.4 21st century
00:19:36 3 Geography
00:21:34 3.1 Climate
00:23:20 3.2 Administrative divisions and barrios
00:24:53 3.3 Landmarks
00:26:33 3.3.1 Palacio Legislativo
00:27:13 3.3.2 World Trade Center Montevideo
00:29:20 3.3.3 Telecommunications Tower
00:30:26 3.3.4 Ciudad Vieja (Old City)
00:33:45 3.3.5 Parque Batlle
00:37:23 3.3.6 Parque Prado
00:38:54 3.3.7 Parque Rodó
00:40:36 3.3.8 Forts
00:41:31 3.3.8.1 Fortaleza del Cerro (Fortress del Cerro)
00:42:24 3.3.9 Punta Brava Lighthouse
00:43:03 3.3.10 Rambla of Montevideo
00:44:42 3.3.11 Cemeteries
00:46:45 3.4 Demographics
00:49:23 4 Government and politics
00:49:33 4.1 Intendencia de Montevideo
00:52:12 4.2 Intendants of Montevideo
00:52:22 5 Culture
00:53:03 5.1 The arts
00:54:14 5.1.1 Visual arts
00:55:24 5.1.2 Literature
00:56:25 5.1.2.1 Authors
00:57:42 5.1.3 Music
00:58:50 5.2 Cuisine
00:59:33 5.3 Notable people
00:59:42 5.4 Recreation
00:59:51 5.4.1 Museums
01:05:39 5.4.2 Festivals
01:07:02 5.4.3 Sports
01:09:56 5.5 Religion
01:11:34 5.5.1 Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral
01:12:45 5.5.2 Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón
01:13:38 6 Economy and infrastructure
01:16:14 6.1 Tourism
01:18:10 6.2 Hotels
01:19:12 6.3 Retail
01:20:23 6.4 Media
01:21:28 6.5 Transport
01:23:34 6.5.1 Public Transportation Statistics
01:24:21 6.5.2 Port
01:25:56 7 Education
01:26:05 7.1 Public education
01:27:46 7.2 Private education
01:32:16 8 Healthcare
01:32:49 8.1 Public hospitals
01:36:30 8.2 Private healthcare
01:37:15 9 International relations
01:37:25 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.9901183387655319
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Montevideo (Spanish pronunciation: [monteβiˈðeo]) is the capital and largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of 201 square kilometres (78 sq mi). The southernmost capital city in the Americas, Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata.
The city was established in 1724 by a Spanish soldier, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, as a strategic move amidst the Spanish-Portuguese dispute over the platine region. It was also under brief British rule in 1807. Montevideo is the seat of the administrative headquarters of Mercosur and ALADI, Latin America’s leading trade blocs, a position that entailed comparisons to the role of Brussels in Europe.The 2017 Mercer's report on quality of life, rated Montevideo first in Latin America, a rank the city has consistently held since 2005. As of 2010, Montevideo was the 19th largest city economy in the continent and 9th highest income earner among major cities. In 2019, it has a projected GDP of $47.7 billion, with a per capita of $27,542.In 2018, it was classified as a beta global city ranking eighth in Latin America and 84th in the world. Montevideo hosted every match during the first FIFA World Cup, in 1930. Described as a vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life, and a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture, Montevideo ranked eighth in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. In 2014, it was also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly metropolis in the world and the first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial hub of Uruguay and the cultural anchor of a metropolitan area with a population of around 2 million.