Northern Ireland Troubles
Filmed in 2010 as the 'orange order' protestants attempt to force themselves through a catholic part of Belfast. The mostly protestant police force of Northern Ireland attack/move/shoot rubber bullets at the catholics. No force is used against the protestants. Northern Ireland troubles are not a thing of the past. They will be over when british government hand control of Northern Ireland over to the Irish government and the protestant and catholic population can live in equality and peace. A bias towards either religion can never last and is never right.
Illuminated Stories | Robert Barrett
Learning to be an artist requires endurance even more than it requires talent. In this devotional address, artist Robert Barrett shares the illuminated stories of individuals throughout history who have shown us that courage and motivation to endure hard things are required to experience great achievement.
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Another important principle for artists and illustrators in the preparation of their creative work involves the opportunity to have personal experiences with the subject being portrayed.
Several years ago I had the opportunity to visit Israel and Jerusalem along with my wife, Vicki, and additional members of my family. We were able to visit many historic sites, including the Mount of Olives, where Orson Hyde dedicated the Holy Land for the gathering of Judah and the building of a temple there. Up well before dawn, Orson climbed the Mount of Olives, built an altar, and with pen and paper in hand recorded the prayer of dedication previously given to him by revelation. One morning while there, Vicki and I were also up before dawn and witnessed a beautiful sunrise that became part of the inspiration for my later painting about Orson’s experience.
The British philosopher Roger Scruton, in a BBC documentary entitled Why Beauty Matters, stated:
Philosophers have argued that through the pursuit of beauty, we shape the world as a home. We also come to understand our own nature as spiritual beings. . . .
Through beauty we are brought into the presence of the sacred.9
In his book entitled The Greater Journey, two-time Pulitzer Prize–winning author David McCullough wrote about early Latter-day Saint artists. He said:
A group of aspiring young Mormon painters who called themselves “art missionaries” arrived [in Paris] from Utah, many to enroll in the Académie Julian. Their expenses were being provided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in return for work they would later contribute, painting murals in the Temple at Salt Lake City. As one of their leaders, an especially gifted painter named John Hafen, said, their motivation was the belief that “the highest possible development of talent is a duty we owe to our Creator.”10
In the spring of 1890, John Hafen and fellow artist Lorus Pratt visited George Q. Cannon—who was then a member of the First Presidency—with a proposal that the Church call Hafen, Pratt, and John Fairbanks on an art mission to Paris and provide them with funding. They explained their need for additional training and also expressed a commitment to contribute their subsequently acquired skills to the creation of murals for the Salt Lake Temple. To quote John Hafen:
I made it a matter of prayer for many years that He would open a way whereby I could receive that training which would befit me to decorate His holy temples and the habitations of Zion.11
Hafen, Pratt, and Fairbanks hiked Ensign Peak and offered a prayer that their proposal might be granted. It was accepted, and on June 3 of that year they were set apart as missionaries with “a special purpose.”12 Their departure for Paris occurred on June 23, 1890. Edwin Evans became the fourth art missionary and departed in September, and Herman Haag followed shortly thereafter as the fifth art missionary.
Upon returning, these artists created murals for temples in Salt Lake City, Utah; Cardston, Alberta, Canada; and Mesa, Arizona. A collection of donated paintings by John Hafen became the initial basis of the Springville Museum of Art.
Referencing the art missionaries who aspired to create art for temples, President Boyd K. Packer stated that feeling inspired as an artist was not enough. Talent and inspiration needed to be backed up with training and experience so that the work created would be creditable. He said that the training of great artists, writers, and musicians means, in part, that they need to learn what the world has to teach.13 In Paris—the best art education center in the world at the time—the art missionaries were not just taught how to paint but were also exposed to the work of the great masters.
The art missionaries came to understand through their diligent search for learning that it took a great deal of energy and time to acquire the skill and knowledge they sought. Sacrifice and patience became important components in their quest for learning. - Robert T. Barrett
The Troubles | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
The Troubles
00:03:18 1 Overview
00:05:50 2 Background
00:05:58 2.1 1609–1791
00:07:30 2.2 1791–1912
00:09:09 2.3 1912–1922
00:13:29 2.4 1922–1966
00:15:22 3 Late 1960s
00:15:58 3.1 Civil rights campaign and unionist backlash
00:22:52 3.2 August 1969 riots and aftermath
00:27:25 4 1970s
00:27:34 4.1 Violence peaks and Stormont collapses
00:29:41 4.2 Bloody Sunday
00:34:18 4.3 Sunningdale Agreement and UWC strike
00:38:13 4.4 Proposal of an independent Northern Ireland
00:40:39 4.5 Mid-1970s
00:43:13 4.6 Late 1970s
00:45:07 5 1980s
00:50:41 6 1990s
00:51:44 6.1 Escalation in South Armagh
00:53:30 6.2 First ceasefire
00:55:31 6.3 Second ceasefire
00:58:24 6.4 Political process
01:00:44 7 Collusion between British forces and loyalists
01:05:24 8 The Disappeared
01:06:59 9 Shoot-to-kill allegations
01:07:42 10 Parades issue
01:08:55 11 Social repercussions
01:11:08 12 Casualties
01:13:17 12.1 Responsibility
01:15:02 12.2 Status
01:16:12 12.3 Location
01:16:43 12.4 Chronological listing
01:16:52 12.5 Additional statistics
01:17:01 13 See also
01:17:56 13.1 In popular culture
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Troubles (Irish: Na Trioblóidí) was an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, and the Conflict in Ireland, it is sometimes described as a guerrilla war or a low-level war. The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles primarily took place in Northern Ireland, at times the violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England, and mainland Europe.
The conflict was primarily political and nationalistic, fuelled by historical events. It also had an ethnic or sectarian dimension, although it was not a religious conflict. A key issue was the constitutional status of Northern Ireland. Unionists/loyalists, who were mostly Protestants, wanted Northern Ireland to remain within the United Kingdom. Irish nationalists/republicans, who were mostly Catholics, wanted Northern Ireland to leave the United Kingdom and join a united Ireland.
The conflict began during a campaign to end discrimination against the Catholic/nationalist minority by the Protestant/unionist government and police force. The authorities attempted to suppress this protest campaign and were accused of police brutality; it was also met with violence from loyalists, who alleged it was a republican front. Increasing inter-communal violence, and conflict between nationalist youths and police, eventually led to riots in August 1969 and the deployment of British troops. Some Catholics initially welcomed the army as a more neutral force, but it soon came to be seen as hostile and biased. The emergence of armed paramilitary organisations led to the subsequent warfare over the next three decades.
The main participants in the Troubles were republican paramilitaries such as the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA); loyalist paramilitaries such as the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and Ulster Defence Association (UDA); British state security forces – the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC); and political activists and politicians. The security forces of the Republic played a smaller role. Republican paramilitaries carried out a guerrilla campaign against the British security forces, as well as a bombing campaign against infrastructure, commercial and political targets. Loyalists targeted republicans/nationalists, and attacked the wider Catholic community in what they claimed was retaliation. At times there were bouts of sectarian tit-for-tat violence. The British security forces undertook both a policing and a counter-insurgency role, primarily against republicans. There were some incidents of collusion between British security forces and loyalists. The Troubles also involved numerous ri ...
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Easter Rising | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:57 1 Background
00:09:34 2 Planning the Rising
00:15:24 3 Build-up to Easter Week
00:22:01 4 The Rising in Dublin
00:22:11 4.1 Easter Monday
00:32:54 4.2 Tuesday and Wednesday
00:40:20 4.3 Thursday to Saturday
00:43:21 4.4 Surrender
00:45:41 5 The Rising outside Dublin
00:47:56 5.1 Fingal
00:51:03 5.2 Enniscorthy
00:53:04 5.3 Galway
00:55:29 6 Casualties
01:00:45 7 Aftermath
01:00:54 7.1 Arrests and executions
01:08:17 7.2 British atrocities
01:12:34 7.3 Inquiry
01:14:01 7.4 Reaction of the Dublin public
01:19:08 7.5 Rise of Sinn Féin
01:20:13 8 Legacy
01:29:18 9 Date of commemoration
01:30:33 10 In popular culture
01:33:38 11 See also
01:33:51 12 Notes
01:34:00 13 Bibliography
01:34:10 13.1 Historiography
01:35:10 14 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.700781443176252
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca), also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week, April 1916. The Rising was launched by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in the First World War. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798, and the first armed action of the Irish revolutionary period.
Organised by a seven-man Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Rising began on Easter Monday, 24 April 1916, and lasted for six days. Members of the Irish Volunteers—led by schoolmaster and Irish language activist Patrick Pearse, joined by the smaller Irish Citizen Army of James Connolly and 200 women of Cumann na mBan—seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic. The British Army brought in thousands of reinforcements as well as artillery and a gunboat. There was fierce street fighting on the routes into the city centre, where the rebels put up stiff resistance, slowing the British advance and inflicting heavy casualties. Elsewhere in Dublin, the fighting mainly consisted of sniping and long-range gun battles. The main rebel positions were gradually surrounded and bombarded with artillery. There were isolated actions in other parts of Ireland, with attacks on the Royal Irish Constabulary barracks at Ashbourne, County Meath, County Cork and in County Galway, and the seizure of the town of Enniscorthy, County Wexford. Germany had sent a shipment of arms to the rebels, but the British had intercepted it just before the Rising began. Volunteer leader Eoin MacNeill had then issued a countermand in a bid to halt the Rising, which greatly reduced the number of rebels who mobilised.
With much greater numbers and heavier weapons, the British Army suppressed the Rising. Pearse agreed to an unconditional surrender on Saturday 29 April, although sporadic fighting continued until Sunday, when word reached the other rebel positions. After the surrender the country remained under martial law. About 3,500 people were taken prisoner by the British, many of whom had played no part in the Rising, and 1,800 of them were sent to internment camps or prisons in Britain. Most of the leaders of the Rising were executed following courts-martial. The Rising brought physical force republicanism back to the forefront of Irish politics, which for nearly 50 years had been dominated by constitutional nationalism. It, and the British reaction to it, led to increased popular support for Irish independence. In December 1918, republicans, represented by the reconstituted Sinn Féin party, won 73 seats in a landslide victory in the general election to the British Parliament. They did not take their seats, but instead convened the First Dáil and declared the independence of the Irish Republic. The Soloheadbeg ambush started the War of Independence.
485 peop ...