St Albans, England virtual treadmill walking tour - DJI Osmo Pocket
We visited St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK on a sunny Sunday morning in late February. Our walk starts half way up Holywell Hill where we turn into Sumpter Yard and pass the Cathedral and Abbey Church of Saint Alban. We head towards Market Place, pass The Clock Tower and along the main shopping area in St Peter's Street. We cross near the roundabout and return down the other side. We turn into Bank Court and pass The Alban Arena then return to St Peter's Street. We reach Chequer Street and make a circular tour of The Maltings shopping area. We walk down Holywell Hill, cross towards Grove Road and take a footpath next to The Abbey CEVA Primary School. We enter Verulamium Park and pass Ye Olde Fighting Cocks inn. We come to Verulam Lake on our left and the River Ver on our right. Near the end of the lake we cross a bridge and return down the other side. We pass the Roman Wall of St Albans and end our walk with a view across the lake towards the Cathedral.
This video makes brilliant treadmill walking scenery.
Camera: DJI Osmo Pocket
Time Out Walks, Book 1, Walk 7, Garston to St Albans. 20/12/10.
Around 8.5 miles of walking in the south western corner of Hertfordshire; leaving Garston, the walker soon enters Bricket Wood Common, then passing by Munden House and Netherwylde Farm. The walker follows Ver Valley Walk arrows in the afternoon as the walk follows the Ver (from whence Verulamium got its name) and its water meadows into St Albans.
Not a bad walk (though the snowy scenes helped!) considering its proximity to urban areas and motorways.
GoPro: Enduro MX Racing the Back Alleys of Portugal with Jonny Walker - Extreme XL Lagares
Jonny Walker takes on the grueling course of the Extreme XL Lagares, in Portugal. Not one to back down to a challenge, follow Jonny as he tackles the rugged course along the sea wall and then taking to the narrow streets of Porto's old city.
Shot 100% on the HERO5 camera from
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Herts Byways: Aldenham 079, Tykeswater Lane, Radlett
This was my very first green lane on my new tenere so bare with me on the ford crossing :-) Not the easiest track to start and definitely gets the pulse going. Plus i did this solo so i wasn't taking any unnecessary risks. I ride this all the time on the push bike so i knew what to expect.
I entered from Watling Street (opposite Butterfly Lane) between Borehamwood and Radlett and ended at Theobalds Street. Signposted at both ends. Heavily rutted in some places with a shallow ford crossing but with somewhat steep banks.
Filmed with my GoPro for anyone's interest.
29 History Of Hertfordshire All Saints Church St Paul's Walden
St. Paul's Walden is notable in Hertfordshire as one of only a few parishes to have kept alive the story of the founding of its church. According to the still remembered legend the people attempted to build their church in a field near the present St. Paul's Walden Bury house - but each night the Devil moved the stones to the opposite hill, where the church now stands.
Ardeley BOATs 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 32, 51 - The rideable Public Byways of Hertfordshire
Ardelely BOAT 4
Long Lane. Commences from end of county road near St Albans Church thence past Lite's Farm to Canons Green, thence past pond and over footbridge to junction with Munchers Lane thence past junction with Pigsfoot Lane and Pigsfoot Spring, thence W past Spinney and NW to junction with Lane leading to Four Acre Spring, thence NW to Ardeley School at junction with county road.
Ardelely BOAT 5
Commences at junction with FP 30 and FP/BOAT 32 at Parkers Green thence SE and S through Badgers Green to junction with FP 31 S of Wood End.
Ardelely BOAT 6
Commences at junction with Long Lane at Canons Green thence S along Canons Lane to junction with FP32.
Ardelely BOAT 7
Commences at junction with Long Lane SE of Pigsfoot Spring thence NE along Munchers Lane to S of Munchers Green.
Ardelely BOAT 8
Commences at junction with Long Lane S of Pigsfoot Spring thence NE along Pigsfoot Lane to S of Munchers Green.
Ardelely BOAT 32
Commences at E end of Parkers Green at junction with FP30 as BOAT to junction with BOAT 6 thence NW as footpath through Parkers Green past Spring to Lords Wood to parish boundary.
Ardelely BOAT 51
Commences from the county road at Moor Green then south westwards across FP19 to join BOAT 7 and BOAT 8.
Google Map ref:
51.912345, -0.076232
This series of videos will eventually cover all of the Byways Open to All Traffic (BOATs) in Hertfordshire - ie the 'Green Lanes' on which you can ride legally on your (road legal) motorcycle
[First 360° Video!] - Biking Around
Hey guys Starting a new channel called Mann&Murch with me Alec, and my friend Drew. We chose this name because my last name is Mann and Drews last name is Murch so we put them together. Drew wasn't able to be in this video but he will in the next and all the others.. Enjoy!
Video shows tractor-trailer overturn in alleged road rage crash
Police released video showing an alleged road rage crash involving a tractor-trailer. An apparent act of road rage ended when a tractor-trailer driver crashed into a highway median, flipped and overturned across Route 17 in a wreck captured on dashboard camera footage.
Toronto to Vancouver by train: VIA Rail's 'Canadian'
A journey from Toronto to Vancouver by train, across the Shield, over the Prairies and through the Canadian Rockies. Showing the train, sleepers, dining-car, food, dome, 'Park' car and the amazing scenery. For schedule, prices & tickets see
Into the West - Part 4 (Hell on Wheels)
Qi-Acise-
Episode 4 - Hell on Wheels
Tales from the American West in the 19th century, told from the perspective of two families, one of white settlers and one of Native Americans.
Vampire Weekend - Harmony Hall (Official Video)
Father of the Bride available 5/3:
Harmony Hall/2021 available everywhere now:
Directed By Emmett Malloy
Lyrics:
We took a vow in summertime
Now we find ourselves in late December
I believe that New Year’s Eve
Will be the perfect time
For their great surrender
But they don’t remember
Anger wants a voice
Voices wanna sing
Singers harmonize
Til they can’t hear anything
I thought that I was free
From all that questioning
But every time a problem ends
Another one begins
And the stone walls of Harmony Hall
Bear witness
Anybody with a worried mind
Could never forgive the sight
Of wicked snakes
Inside a place
You thought was dignified
I don’t wanna live like this
But I don’t wanna die
Within the halls of power lies
A nervous heart that beats
Like a Young Pretender’s
Beneath these velvet gloves I hide
The shameful, crooked hands
Of a moneylender
Cuz I still remember
Anger wants a voice
Voices wanna sing
Singers harmonize
Til they can’t hear anything
I thought that I was free
From all that questioning
But every time a problem ends
Another one begins
And the stone walls of Harmony Hall
Bear witness
Anybody with a worried mind
Could never forgive the sight
Of wicked snakes
Inside a place
You thought was dignified
I don’t wanna live like this
But I don’t wanna die
—
Written by Ezra Koenig
Produced by Ariel Rechtshaid & Ezra Koenig
Additional Production by Rostam Batmanglij
Calling All Cars: Nine Years a Safecracker / Corpse in the Red Necktie / Baby Dillinger Gang
The radio show Calling All Cars hired LAPD radio dispacher Jesse Rosenquist to be the voice of the dispatcher. Rosenquist was already famous because home radios could tune into early police radio frequencies. As the first police radio dispatcher presented to the public ear, his was the voice that actors went to when called upon for a radio dispatcher role.
The iconic television series Dragnet, with LAPD Detective Joe Friday as the primary character, was the first major media representation of the department. Real LAPD operations inspired Jack Webb to create the series and close cooperation with department officers let him make it as realistic as possible, including authentic police equipment and sound recording on-site at the police station.
Due to Dragnet's popularity, LAPD Chief Parker became, after J. Edgar Hoover, the most well known and respected law enforcement official in the nation. In the 1960s, when the LAPD under Chief Thomas Reddin expanded its community relations division and began efforts to reach out to the African-American community, Dragnet followed suit with more emphasis on internal affairs and community policing than solving crimes, the show's previous mainstay.
Several prominent representations of the LAPD and its officers in television and film include Adam-12, Blue Streak, Blue Thunder, Boomtown, The Closer, Colors, Crash, Columbo, Dark Blue, Die Hard, End of Watch, Heat, Hollywood Homicide, Hunter, Internal Affairs, Jackie Brown, L.A. Confidential, Lakeview Terrace, Law & Order: Los Angeles, Life, Numb3rs, The Shield, Southland, Speed, Street Kings, SWAT, Training Day and the Lethal Weapon, Rush Hour and Terminator film series. The LAPD is also featured in the video games Midnight Club II, Midnight Club: Los Angeles, L.A. Noire and Call of Juarez: The Cartel.
The LAPD has also been the subject of numerous novels. Elizabeth Linington used the department as her backdrop in three different series written under three different names, perhaps the most popular being those novel featuring Det. Lt. Luis Mendoza, who was introduced in the Edgar-nominated Case Pending. Joseph Wambaugh, the son of a Pittsburgh policeman, spent fourteen years in the department, using his background to write novels with authentic fictional depictions of life in the LAPD. Wambaugh also created the Emmy-winning TV anthology series Police Story. Wambaugh was also a major influence on James Ellroy, who wrote several novels about the Department set during the 1940s and 1950s, the most famous of which are probably The Black Dahlia, fictionalizing the LAPD's most famous cold case, and L.A. Confidential, which was made into a film of the same name. Both the novel and the film chronicled mass-murder and corruption inside and outside the force during the Parker era. Critic Roger Ebert indicates that the film's characters (from the 1950s) represent the choices ahead for the LAPD: assisting Hollywood limelight, aggressive policing with relaxed ethics, and a straight arrow approach.
Salem City Council Meeting - December 9, 2019
0:00 - Salem Housing Authority Meeting
7:41 - City Council 1. OPENING EXERCISES
8:09 - 1.1 APPROVAL OF ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS TO THE AGENDA
8:16 - 1.2 COUNCIL AND CITY MANAGER COMMENT
17:30 - 1.4 PRESENTATIONS a.Salem Public Art Commission Annual Report
30:00 - 2. PUBLIC COMMENT
1:11:50 -3. CONSENT CALENDAR
1:12:47 - 4. PUBLIC HEARINGS a.Petitioner-Initiated Annexation of Territory Located at 4696 Center Street NE and 592 Hile Lane NE - 97301 (Annexation Case No. C-736)
1:51:03 - 4.b. Fiscal Year 2020 Supplemental Budget 2 for creation of Special Revenue Fund 177 to receive and expend funds collected for the Tourism Promotion Area
1:53:50- 5. SPECIAL ORDERS OF BUSINESS 5.a.Motion from Councilor Hoy regarding organized car camping.
1:58:28 - 3.3 a. Federal Emergency Management Agency Performance Grant
2:04:40 - 3.3 b.Amendment to the Intergovernmental Agreement with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) for Right-of-Way Services for the McGilchrist Street SE Corridor Improvement Project.
2:05:58 - 3.3 c. Policy statements for the interim and 2020 Oregon Legislative Session.
2:08:06 - 6. INFORMATION REPORTS 6.a.Drinking Water and the 2019 algal bloom season.
2:13:17 - 5.b.Temporary permitted overnight emergency camping sites
3:41:55 - 6.b.Planning Administrator Decision - A consolidated application to create 212-lots for single family development (Coburn Grand View Estates) - Approved Tentative Subdivision Plan / Class 2 Adjustment / Urban Growth Preliminary Declaration Modification Case No. SUB-ADJ19-08 & UGA17-03MOD1 - Brandie Dalton, MultiTech Engineering, on behalf of Westwood Homes, LLC (Todd Boyce, Bill Wagoner) - 4700 Battle Creek Rd SE
3:44:51 - 7.2 SECOND READING a. Repealing Salem Revised Code chapter 48, relating to plastic carryout bags.
3:45:30 - 7.2 b. Oregon State Hospital National Register Historic District Boundary Revision
3:46:04 - 8. PUBLIC COMMENT
Street View's New Look on Google Maps Australia
Check out the new experience of Street View on Google Maps. Learn the new ways to enter Street View, look at our full screen mode, navigate through driving directions, and more.
Street View is a feature of Google Maps that allows you to quickly and easily view and navigate high-resolution, 360 degree street level images of various cities in Australia.
See at
NYSTV - Nostradamus Prophet of the Illuminati - David Carrico and the Midnight Ride - Multi Language
Nostradamus is the most well known prophet of the millennium because his predictions came true. What was the true source of his visions? How deeply ingrained in the occult was he? What was his medical background? What innovations did he use to fight the Black Plague that was rampant at the time? Was he a puppet working for the Illuminati? Or were they working for him?
Now the real question is, was Nostradamus just a psyops planned hundreds of years ago and the demonic forces are just controlling events as Nostradamus predicted?
Some deep insights into the life and times of Nostradamus with David Carrico of The Midnight Ride.
In depth information you'd have to watch like 8 documentaries about Nostradamus to get.
Free Truth Productions
Truth should be Open Source...
freetruthproductions.com
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kings chamber
ark of the covenant
order of the garter
Afrikaans: gevalle engel
Arabic: ملاك ساقط
Azerbaijani: düşmüş mələk
Belarusian: Палы анёл
Bulgarian: паднал ангел
Bengali: পতিত দেবদূত
Bosnian: pali andjeo
Catalan: Àngel caigut
Cebuano: napukan nga anghel
Czech: padlý anděl
Welsh: angel syrthio
Danish: falden engel
German: fallen angel
Greek: έκπτωτος άγγελος
English: fallen angel
Esperanto: fallen angel
Spanish: Ángel caido
Estonian: Langenud ingel
Basque: Aingeru eroria
Persian: فرشته افتاده
Finnish: langennut enkeli
French: Ange déchu
Irish: aingeal tar éis titim
Galician: Anxo caído
Gujarati: ઘટી દેવદૂત
Hausa: mala'ika ya fadi
Hindi: गिरी हुई परी
Hmong: fallen angel
Croatian: pali anđeo
Haitian Creole: tonbe zanj
Hungarian: Bukott angyal
Armenian: ընկած հրեշտակ
Indonesian: Malaikat yang jatuh
Igbo: mmụọ ozi dara ada
Icelandic: fallinn engill
Italian: Angelo caduto
Hebrew: מלאך שנפל
Japanese: 堕天使
Javanese: widodari tiba
Georgian: დაცემული ანგელოზი
Kazakh: құлаған ангел
Khmer: ទេវតាធ្លាក់ចុះ
Kannada: ಬಿದ್ದ ದೇವದೂತ
Korean: 타락한 천사
Latin: fallen angel
Lao: fallen angel
Lithuanian: kritęs angelas
Latvian: kritušais enģelis
Malagasy: anjely nianjera
Maori: anahera hinga
Macedonian: паднат ангел
Malayalam: വീണുപോയ ദൂതൻ
Mongolian: унасан тэнгэр элч
Marathi: पडलेला देवदूत
Malay: malaikat yang jatuh
Maltese: waqa 'anġlu
Myanmar (Burmese): ပြိုလဲကောငျးကငျတမနျ
Nepali: गिर परी
Dutch: gevallen engel
Norwegian: Fallen engel
Chichewa: mngelo wakugwa
Punjabi: ਡਿੱਗ ਦੂਤ
Polish: upadły anioł
Portuguese: anjo caído
Romanian: inger decazut
Russian: падший ангел
Sinhala: වැටුනාවූ දූතයා
Slovak: padlý anjel
Slovenian: padli angel
Somali: malaa'igtii dhacday
Albanian: engjell i rene
Serbian: пали анђео
Sesotho: lengeloi le oeleng
Sundanese: malaikat fallen
Swedish: fallen ängel
Swahili: malaika aliyeanguka
Tamil: விழுந்த தேவதை
Telugu: స్వర్గం నుంచి పడిన దేవత
Tajik: фариштаи золим
Thai: เทวดาตกสวรรค์
Filipino: nahulog na anghel
Turkish: düşmüş melek
Ukrainian: занепалий ангел
Urdu: باغی فرشتہ
Uzbek: tushgan farishta
Vietnamese: Thiên thần sa ngã
Yiddish: געפאלן מלאך
Yoruba: angẹli ti o ṣubu
Chinese: 堕落的天使
Chinese (Simplified): 堕落的天使
Chinese (Traditional): 墮落的天使
Zulu: ingelosi ewile
Afrikaans: Lucifer
Arabic: إبليس
Azerbaijani: lucifer
Belarusian: Люцыпар
Bulgarian: Луцифер
Bengali: শয়তান
Bosnian: lucifer
Catalan: lucifer
Cebuano: lucifer
Czech: Lucifer
Welsh: lucifer
Danish: lucifer
German: Luzifer
Greek: Εωσφόρος
English: lucifer
Esperanto: lucifer
Spanish: lucifer
Estonian: lutsifer
James Earl Ray Interview: Assassin of Civil Rights and Anti-War Activist Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 -- April 23, 1998) was an American criminal convicted of the assassination of civil rights and anti-war activist Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Ray was convicted on March 10, 1969, after entering a guilty plea to forgo a jury trial. Had he been found guilty by jury trial, he would have been eligible for the death penalty. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison. He later recanted his confession and tried unsuccessfully to gain a new trial. He died in prison of hepatitis C.
Martin Luther King was shot and killed by a sniper on April 4, 1968, while standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee.
Ray fled north to Toronto, Ontario, where he hid out for a month and acquired a Canadian passport under the false name of Ramon George Sneyd. On June 8, 1968, a little more than two months after King's death, Ray was captured at London's Heathrow Airport while trying to leave the United Kingdom on the false Canadian passport. At check-in the ticket agent noticed the name on his passport -- Sneyd -- was on a Royal Canadian Mounted Police watchlist. At the airport, officials noticed that Ray carried another passport under a second name. The UK quickly extradited Ray to Tennessee, where he was charged with King's murder. He confessed to the crime on March 10, 1969, and after pleading guilty was sentenced to 99 years in prison.
Three days later, he recanted his confession. Ray had entered a guilty plea on the advice of his attorney, Percy Foreman, in order to avoid a potential trial conviction, which could have led to a sentence of death. The method of execution in Tennessee at the time would have been electrocution.
Ray fired Foreman as his attorney and derisively called him Percy Fourflusher, thereafter. Ray began claiming that a man he had met in Montreal, who used the alias Raul, had been deeply involved. Instead he asserted that he did not personally shoot Dr. King, but may have been, partially responsible without knowing it, hinting at a conspiracy. Ray sold this version of King's assassination and his own flight to William Bradford Huie. Huie investigated this story and discovered Ray sometimes lied. Ray told Huie he purposely left the rifle with his fingerprints on it in plain sight because he wanted to become a famous criminal. Ray was convinced he was so smart that he would not be caught. He believed Governor of Alabama George Wallace would soon be elected President, and Ray would only be confined for a short time. He spent the remainder of his life unsuccessfully attempting to withdraw his guilty plea and secure a trial.
On June 11, 1977, Ray made his second appearance on the FBI Most Wanted Fugitives list, this time as the 351st entry. He and six other convicts had escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Petros, Tennessee, on June 10, 1977. They were recaptured on June 13, three days later, and returned to prison. A year was added to Ray's previous sentence, to total 100 years.
Ray had hired Jack Kershaw as his attorney, who promoted Ray's claim that he was not responsible for the shooting, which was said to have been the result of a conspiracy of the otherwise unidentified man named Raul. Kershaw and his client met with representatives of the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations and convinced the committee to run ballistics tests — which ultimately proved inconclusive — that would show that Ray had not fired the fatal shot. Kershaw claimed that the escape was additional proof that Ray had been involved in a conspiracy that had provided him with the outside assistance he would have needed to break out of jail. Kershaw convinced Ray to take a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. The magazine said that the test results showed that Ray did, in fact, kill Martin Luther King Jr. and that he did so alone. Ray fired Kershaw after discovering that the attorney had been paid $11,000 by the magazine in exchange for the interview and hired conspiracy theorist Mark Lane to provide him with legal representation.
You Bet Your Life: Secret Word - Book / Dress / Tree
Julius Henry Groucho Marx (October 2, 1890 -- August 19, 1977) was an American comedian and film and television star. He is known as a master of quick wit and widely considered one of the best comedians of the modern era. His rapid-fire, often impromptu delivery of innuendo-laden patter earned him many admirers and imitators. He made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third-born. He also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game show You Bet Your Life. His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, glasses, cigar, and a thick greasepaint mustache and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the world's most ubiquitous and recognizable novelty disguises, known as Groucho glasses, a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, large plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and mustache.
Groucho Marx was, and is, the most recognizable and well-known of the Marx Brothers. Groucho-like characters and references have appeared in popular culture both during and after his life, some aimed at audiences who may never have seen a Marx Brothers movie. Groucho's trademark eye glasses, nose, mustache, and cigar have become icons of comedy—glasses with fake noses and mustaches (referred to as Groucho glasses, nose-glasses, and other names) are sold by novelty and costume shops around the world.
Nat Perrin, close friend of Groucho Marx and writer of several Marx Brothers films, inspired John Astin's portrayal of Gomez Addams on the 1960s TV series The Addams Family with similarly thick mustache, eyebrows, sardonic remarks, backward logic, and ever-present cigar (pulled from his breast pocket already lit).
Alan Alda often vamped in the manner of Groucho on M*A*S*H. In one episode, Yankee Doodle Doctor, Hawkeye and Trapper put on a Marx Brothers act at the 4077, with Hawkeye playing Groucho and Trapper playing Harpo. In three other episodes, a character appeared who was named Captain Calvin Spalding (played by Loudon Wainwright III). Groucho's character in Animal Crackers was Captain Geoffrey T. Spaulding.
On many occasions, on the 1970s television sitcom All In The Family, Michael Stivic (Rob Reiner), would briefly imitate Groucho Marx and his mannerisms.
Two albums by British rock band Queen, A Night at the Opera (1975) and A Day at the Races (1976), are named after Marx Brothers films. In March 1977, Groucho invited Queen to visit him in his Los Angeles home; there they performed '39 a capella. A long-running ad campaign for Vlasic Pickles features an animated stork that imitates Groucho's mannerisms and voice. On the famous Hollywood Sign in California, one of the Os is dedicated to Groucho. Alice Cooper contributed over $27,000 to remodel the sign, in memory of his friend.
In 1982, Gabe Kaplan portrayed Marx in the film Groucho, in a one-man stage production. He also imitated Marx occasionally on his previous TV sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter.
Actor Frank Ferrante has performed as Groucho Marx on stage for more than two decades. He continues to tour under rights granted by the Marx family in a one-man show entitled An Evening With Groucho in theaters throughout the United States and Canada with piano accompanist Jim Furmston. In the late 1980s Ferrante starred as Groucho in the off-Broadway and London show Groucho: A Life in Revue penned by Groucho's son Arthur. Ferrante portrayed the comedian from age 15 to 85. The show was later filmed for PBS in 2001. Woody Allen's 1996 musical Everyone Says I Love You, in addition to being named for one of Groucho's signature songs, ends with a Groucho-themed New Year's Eve party in Paris, which some of the stars, including Allen and Goldie Hawn, attend in full Groucho costume. The highlight of the scene is an ensemble song-and-dance performance of Hooray for Captain Spaulding—done entirely in French.
In the last of the Tintin comics, Tintin and the Picaros, a balloon shaped like the face of Groucho could be seen in the Annual Carnival.
In the Italian horror comic Dylan Dog, the protagonist's sidekick is a Groucho impersonator whose character became his permanent personality.
The BBC remade the radio sitcom Flywheel, Shyster and Flywheel, with contemporary actors playing the parts of the original cast. The series was repeated on digital radio station BBC7. Scottish playwright Louise Oliver wrote a play named Waiting For Groucho about Chico and Harpo waiting for Groucho to turn up for the filming of their last project together. This was performed by Glasgow theatre company Rhymes with Purple Productions at the Edinburgh Fringe and in Glasgow and Hamilton in 2007-08. Groucho was played by Scottish actor Frodo McDaniel.
Words at War: Lifeline / Lend Lease Weapon for Victory / The Navy Hunts the CGR 3070
The United States Merchant Marine is the fleet of U.S. civilian-owned merchant vessels, operated by either the government or the private sector, that engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of the United States. The Merchant Marine is responsible for transporting cargo and passengers during peace time. In time of war, the Merchant Marine is an auxiliary to the Navy, and can be called upon to deliver troops and supplies for the military.
Merchant mariners move cargo and passengers between nations and within the United States, operate and maintain deep-sea merchant ships, tugboats, towboats, ferries, dredges, excursion vessels, and other waterborne craft on the oceans, the Great Lakes, rivers, canals, harbors, and other waterways.
As of 2006, the United States merchant fleet numbered 465 ships[2] and approximately 100,000 members. Seven hundred ships owned by American interests but registered, or flagged, in other countries are not included in this number.
The federal government maintains fleets of merchant ships via organizations such as Military Sealift Command and the National Defense Reserve Fleet. In 2004, the federal government employed approximately 5% of all American water transportation workers.[3]
In the 19th and 20th centuries, various laws fundamentally changed the course of American merchant shipping. These laws put an end to common practices such as flogging and shanghaiing, and increased shipboard safety and living standards. The United States Merchant Marine is also governed by several international conventions to promote safety and prevent pollution.
The merchant marine is a civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Navy, but not a uniformed service, except in times of war when, in accordance with the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, mariners are considered military personnel. In a time of national emergency, the President can permanently seize any merchant marine vessel in return for fair compensation, or commandeer it for temporary use with no compensation if returned in reasonable condition.
Mariners are well represented in the visual arts. Merchant seaman Johnny Craig was already a working comic book artist before he joined up, but Ernie Schroeder would not start drawing comics until after returning home from World War II. Seaman Haskell Wexler won two Academy Awards, the latter for a biography of his shipmate Woody Guthrie.
Merchant sailors have also made a splash in the world of sport. Drew Bundini Brown was Muhammad Ali's assistant trainer and cornerman, and Joe Gold went made his fortune as the bodybuilding and fitness guru of Gold's Gym. In football, Dan Devine and Heisman Trophy winner Frank Sinkwich excelled. Seamen Jim Bagby, Jr. and Charlie Keller played in Major League Baseball. In track and field, seamen Cornelius Johnson and Jim Thorpe both won Olympic medals, though Thorpe did not get his until thirty years after his death.
Writers Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Ralph Ellison, Herman Melville, and Jack Vance and were merchant mariners, as were prominent members of the Beat movement: Allen Ginsberg, Herbert Huncke, Bob Kaufman, Jack Kerouac, and Dave Van Ronk. Peter Baynham, the coauthor of the film Borat, and Donn Pearce, who wrote the movie Cool Hand Luke, were formerly merchant mariners. Filmmaker Oliver Stone won multiple Academy Awards.
WWII-era merchant mariners played well-known television characters. The list includes Raymond Bailey (who played Milburn Drysdale on The Beverly Hillbillies); Peter Falk (who played the title character on Columbo); James Garner (who played Jim Rockford on The Rockford Files); Jack Lord (who played Steve McGarrett on the original Hawaii Five-0); Carroll O'Connor (who played Archie Bunker on All in the Family); Denver Pyle (who played Uncle Jesse Duke on The Dukes of Hazzard); and Clint Walker (who played Cheyenne Bodie on Cheyenne).
Songwriter and lyricist Jack Lawrence was a mariner during World War II and wrote the official United States Merchant Marine song, Heave Ho! My Lads, Heave Ho! while a young lieutenant stationed at Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, in 1943.
Writer/businessman Robert Kiyosaki claimed to have been a mariner.
Paul Teutul, Sr., the founder of Orange County Choppers and Orange County Ironworks, was a merchant mariner during the Vietnam War.
Words at War: Assignment USA / The Weeping Wood / Science at War
The Detroit Race Riot broke out in Detroit, Michigan in June 20, 1943, and lasted for three days before Federal troops restored order. The rioting between blacks and whites began on Belle Isle on June 20, 1943 and continued until the 22nd of June, killing 34, wounding 433, and destroying property valued at $2 million.
In the summer of 1943, in the midst of World War II, tensions between blacks and whites in Detroit were escalating. Detroit's population had grown by 350,000 people since the war began. The booming defense industries brought in large numbers of people with high wages and very little available housing. 50,000 blacks had recently arrived along with 300,000 whites, mostly from rural Appalachia and Southern States.[2]
Recruiters convinced blacks as well as whites in the South to come up North by promising them higher wages in the new war factories. Believing that they had found a promised land, blacks began to move up North in larger numbers. However, upon arriving in Detroit, blacks found that the northern bigotry was just as bad as that they left behind in the deep South. They were excluded from all public housing except Brewster Housing Projects, forced to live in homes without indoor plumbing, and paid rents two to three times higher than families in white districts. They also faced discrimination from the public and unfair treatment by the Detroit Police Department.[3] In addition, Southern whites brought their traditional bigotry with them as both races head up North, adding serious racial tensions to the area. Job-seekers arrived in such large numbers in Detroit that it was impossible to house them all.
Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. government was concerned about providing housing for the workers who were beginning to pour into the area. On June 4, 1941, the Detroit Housing Commission approved two sites for defense housing projects--one for whites, one for blacks. The site originally selected by the commission for black workers was in a predominantly black area, but the U.S. government chose a site at Nevada and Fenelon streets, an all-white neighborhood.
To complete this, a project named Sojourner Truth was launched in the memory of a black Civil War woman and poet. Despite this, the white neighborhoods opposed having blacks moving next to their homes, meaning no tenants were to be built. On January, 20, 1942, Washington DC informed the Housing Commission that the Sojourner Truth project would be for whites and another would be selected for blacks. But when a suitable site for blacks could not be found, Washington housing authorities agreed to allow blacks into the finished homes. This was set on February 28, 1942.[4] In February 27, 1942, 120 whites went on protest vowing they would keep any black homeowners out of their sight in response to the project. By the end of the day, it had grown to more than 1,200, most of them were armed. Things went so badly that two blacks in a car attempted to run over the protesters picket line which led to a clash between white and black groups. Despite the mounting opposition from whites, black families moved into the project at the end of April. To prevent a riot, Detroit Mayor Edward Jeffries ordered the Detroit Police Department and state troops to keep the peace during that move. Over 1,100 city and state police officers and 1,600 Michigan National Guard troops were mobilized and sent to the area around Nevada and Fenelon street to guard six African-American families who moved into the Sojourner Truth Homes. Thanks to the presence of the guard, there were no further racial problems for the blacks who moved into this federal housing project. Eventually, 168 black families moved into these homes.[5] Despite no casualties in the project, the fear was about to explode a year later.[6]
In early June 1943, three weeks before the riot, Packard Motor Car Company promoted three blacks to work next to whites in the assembly lines. This promotion caused 25,000 whites to walk off the job, effectively slowing down the critical war production. It was clear that whites didn't mind that blacks worked in the same plant but refused to work side-by-side with them. During the protest, a voice with a Southern accent shouted in the loudspeaker, I'd rather see Hitler and Hirohito win than work next to a nigger.