Port Eliza Cave Paleoenvironment
Port Eliza Cave Paleoenvironment
Dr. Brent Ward, Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University
The environment seems to be relatively rich and has the potential to support humans and we get this from several different lines of evidence. The presence of trees indicates that it wasn’t a really harsh tundra environment. We also have large ungulates in the form of a mountain goat, which also would provide food for people migrating down the coast. More importantly, we have evidence of a fairly rich marine environment and that would allow people to be harvesting shells and fish as they are moving down the coast to get into the more southern parts of the continent. The presence of salmon indicate that salmon runs could have been present, which again are a very good seasonal source of high quality protein which can be preserved to allow people to survive through the long winters.
Part I: Introduction: SFU ARCH fieldschool in Tla'amin
Dr. Barbara Winter, curator of the SFU museum of archaeology and ethnology, introduces the fascinating archaeological project that was undertaken in the summer of 2008, up the beautiful coast of British Columbia within the Tla'amin First Nation's traditional territory.
Fraser River Floodplain
Fraser River Floodplain
Dr. John Clague, Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University
Below the McCallum terrace you have an almost perfectly flat surface that we call a floodplain. This is the surface that regularly gets inundated during floods by the Fraser River and tributary rivers like the Harrison for example, or farther down the valley, the Chilliwack River. Over time these floods will deposit their load of silt and sand on that surface and build it up. The material settles out as it would through water to form a perfectly flat surface.
So we are looking at a surface or a flood plain that has built up over millennia by countless floods that have left their load of silt and sand and built it up to this more or less flat plain. This plain is banked up against the surrounding bedrock hills, the much older hills, and against this McCallum terrace, which is also older.
The floodplain is a fairly young geologic feature – it has formed just in the last 10,000 years. So it is younger than the ice age McCallum terrace and much younger than the surrounding mountains. It is a very young feature in our landscape, and it’s still forming. Or it would form if the river could escape its banks and continue to deposit silt and clays. But now the river is dyked to prevent these inhabited, developed surfaces from being flooded, for very good reason.
Decolonizing Archaeology: A Conversation with George Nicholas
The main idea of the IRMACS Centre's series SFU Research Masterclass is to have a group of prominent SFU researchers tell the story of their research path and the best practices and tips they learned along the way - how they came to be interested in the topic, how their research directions have changed over the years, any major shifts in direction, who their collaborators are and how they developed those collaborations, etc.
George Nicholas is a professor of Archaeology at Simon Fraser University (SFU), in Burnaby, British Columbia. He was the founding director of SFU's Indigenous Archaeology Program in Kamloops (1991--2005), and has worked closely with the Secwepemc and other First Nations in British Columbia, and Indigenous groups elsewhere. In 2013, he received the prestigious Partnership Award from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.
Nicholas' research focuses on Indigenous peoples and archaeology, intellectual property issues relating to archaeology, the archaeology and human ecology of wetlands, and archaeological theory, all of which he has published extensively on. His most recent book is Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists, an edited volume that presents the life stories of 37 Indigenous archaeologists from around the world. He is also series co-editor of the World Archaeological Congress' Research Handbooks in Archaeology, and former editor of the Canadian Journal of Archaeology.
Nicholas is the director of the Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage (IPinCH) project, a 7-year initiative funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The IPinCH project is an international collaboration of over 50 scholars and 25 partnering organizations concerned with the theoretical, ethical, and practical implications of commodification, appropriation, and other flows of knowledge about the past, and with how these may affect communities, researchers, and other stakeholders (sfu.ca/ipinch).
About Interviewer: Jenna Walsh is Simon Fraser University's Indigenous Initiatives Librarian and Liaison Librarian for the departments of Archaeology, First Nations Studies, and Political Science. The role of Indigenous Initiatives Librarian is newly-created as part of SFU's Aboriginal Strategic Plan, and Jenna has held it for one year. Jenna is a graduate of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, the city in which she grew up. Her undergraduate degree was a self- designed, interdisciplinary exploration of global and local Indigeneity. Her Master of Library and Information Studies degree focused on Indigenous practices and issues concerning information organisation and access, research methodologies, intellectual property, and knowledge sharing.
This talk was held on Jan 31, 2014 from 11:30am - 12:30pm at the IRMACS Centre.
Cultures of Conservation “Keyword” Panel: Conserving an Alutiiq Kayak
This event is the first in a series of “Keyword” panel discussions, a new component of Bard Graduate Center’s multi-year Cultures of Conservation initiative generously funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The panels bring together scholars and conservators to explore four conventional values in the field of conservation practice: preservation of the material object; reversibility or visibility of the conservation treatment; attention to the physical and conceptual integrity of the original item; and respect for the intention of the maker or artist. Across a series of diverse case studies, speakers will unpack these key phrases to reveal how contemporary conservation projects both channel and challenge standard approaches to object-based research and museological treatment.
The series begins by focusing on a recent collaborative project to conserve a highly rare, mid nineteenth-century Alutiiq kayak in the collection of Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Peabody Museum conservators worked closely with staff from the Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository in Kodiak, Alaska, to study and conserve the singular warrior/whaling vessel while also supporting the revitalization of kayak building and related skills among the current Alutiiq population. A cross-generational team of Alaska Native community members worked—in person and remotely, via social media—with scholars, conservators, and students at Harvard to understand the kayak as a physical object and as an ongoing carrier of Alutiiq cultural values and knowledge prior to collectively determining conservation treatment and long-term care. The panelists, who feature two of the main project participants, will discuss these and similar efforts to adapt standard conservation and stewardship practice to the specific needs of living Indigenous communities.
Sven Haakanson Jr. joined the faculty at the University of Washington as Associate Professor of Anthropology and Curator of North American Anthropology, Burke Museum, after having served, from 2000-2013, as Executive Director of the Alutiiq Museum in Kodiak, Alaska. As a native Sugpiaq, archaeologist and artist, Haakanson straddles worlds in an effort to resuscitate, preserve and give contemporary meaning to Indigenous histories and traditions.
T. Rose Holdcraft serves as senior conservator responsible for conservation services and programs at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in textiles and objects. Through long-range planning efforts she couples exhibition-conservation activities with environmental improvement and conservation initiatives, preventive conservation programs, and conservation training of student interns.
Judith Levinson is Director of Conservation in the Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, where she works to conserve the museum’s archaeological and ethnographic collections, and has extensive experience with the museum’s dioramas and other permanent and temporary exhibits. She has been a lecturer at the Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, teaching advanced courses in inorganic materials and exhibits conservation.
George Nicholas is a professor of Archaeology at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, and the director of the Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage (IPinCH) project, a 7-year initiative funded by the Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. His research focuses on Indigenous peoples and archaeology, intellectual property issues relating to archaeology, the archaeology and human ecology of wetlands, and archaeological theory and practice, all of which he has published extensively on.
Vancouver
Vancouver (/væŋˈkuːvər/ or /vænˈkuːvər/), officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded 603,502 people in the city, making it the eighth largest Canadian municipality. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada; 52% of its residents have a first language other than English. The Greater Vancouver area of around 2.4 million inhabitants is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. Vancouver is a Beta global city.
The City of Vancouver encompasses a land area of about 114 square kilometres, giving it a population density of about 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per square mile). Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality, and the fourth most densely populated city over 250,000 residents in North America, behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Vancouver | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:36 1 Etymology
00:05:21 2 History
00:05:29 2.1 Before 1850
00:06:50 2.2 Early growth
00:09:34 2.3 Incorporation
00:11:43 2.4 Twentieth century
00:15:27 3 Geography
00:17:02 3.1 Ecology
00:19:15 3.2 Climate
00:22:37 4 Cityscape
00:22:46 4.1 Urban planning
00:25:14 4.2 Architecture
00:29:03 5 Demographics
00:35:02 6 Economy
00:39:49 7 Government
00:44:09 7.1 Regional government
00:45:05 7.2 Provincial and federal representation
00:46:14 7.3 Policing and crime
00:49:44 7.4 Military
00:50:52 8 Education
00:54:44 9 Arts and culture
00:54:54 9.1 Theatre, dance, film and television
00:55:04 9.1.1 Theatre
00:56:02 9.1.2 Dance
00:56:29 9.1.3 Film
00:57:04 9.1.3.1 Films set in Vancouver
00:58:06 9.1.4 Television shows produced in Vancouver
00:59:41 9.2 Libraries and museums
01:01:25 9.3 Visual art
01:02:11 9.4 Music and nightlife
01:05:54 10 Media
01:09:38 11 Transportation
01:16:20 12 Sports and recreation
01:21:30 12.1 Current professional teams
01:21:40 13 Twin towns – sister cities
01:22:07 14 Sustainability
01:22:55 14.1 Greenest City Initiative
01:23:42 14.2 Zero Waste 2040 Strategy
01:24:27 15 Notable people
01:24:36 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8240533657539311
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vancouver ( (listen)) is a coastal seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011. The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fifth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America behind New York City, Guadalajara, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada according to that census; 52% of its residents have a first language other than English. Roughly 30% of the city's inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city.
Vancouver is consistently named as one of the top five worldwide cities for livability and quality of life,
and the Economist Intelligence Unit acknowledged it as the first city ranked among the top-ten of the world's most well-living cities
for five consecutive years.
Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home. Several matches of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place.The original settlement, named Gastown, grew up on clearcuts on the west edge of the Hastings Mill logging sawmill's property, where a makeshift tavern had been set up on a plank between two stumps and the proprietor, Gassy Jack, persuaded the curious millworkers to build him a tavern, on July 1, 1867. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west. Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B.I. (B.I standing for Burrard Inlet). As part of the land and political deal whereby the area of the townsite was made the railhead of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), it was renamed Vancouver and incorporated shortly thereafter as a city, in 1886. By 1887, the Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended westward to the cit ...
Vancouver | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vancouver
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vancouver ( (listen)) is a coastal seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011. The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fifth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America behind New York City, Guadalajara, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada according to that census; 52% of its residents have a first language other than English. Roughly 30% of the city's inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city.
Vancouver is consistently named as one of the top five worldwide cities for livability and quality of life,
and the Economist Intelligence Unit acknowledged it as the first city ranked among the top-ten of the world's most well-living cities
for five consecutive years.
Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home. Several matches of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place.The original settlement, named Gastown, grew up on clearcuts on the west edge of the Hastings Mill logging sawmill's property, where a makeshift tavern had been set up on a plank between two stumps and the proprietor, Gassy Jack, persuaded the curious millworkers to build him a tavern, on July 1, 1867. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west. Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B.I. (B.I standing for Burrard Inlet). As part of the land and political deal whereby the area of the townsite was made the railhead of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), it was renamed Vancouver and incorporated shortly thereafter as a city, in 1886. By 1887, the Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended westward to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport to the Pacific Ocean, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient / East Asia, Eastern Canada, and Europe.
As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third-largest port by tonnage in the Americas (recently displacing New York City), 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America.
While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry.Major film production studios in Vancouver and nearby Burnaby have turned Greater Vancouver and nearby areas into one of the largest film production centres in North America, earning it the nickname Hollywood North.