✦ Wellington Arch in honour of the 1st Duke of Wellington, heroic Anglo-Irish leader! ✦
After victories in Vitoria-Gasteiz, (Spain) and in Trafalgar, the Anglo-Irish military hero and leader of the United Kingdom, the 1st Duke of Wellington, defeated Napoleon at Waterloo!!
♫ English string quartet Escala, 'Requiem for a Tower'
1:05 Charioteer
2.50 The Quadriga
3:05 Charioteer boy
3:10 Angel of Peace
3:20 The largest bronze statue in Europe (the quadriga on top of Wellington Arch)
4:12 My map of the southern part of Westminster City located in the western area of Central London
4:30 Wellington Arch at the south-western corner entrance to Hyde Park
5:10 Duke of Wellington monument statue (the largest equestrian statue in Europe).
Wellington Arch
5:50 1st Duke of Wellington
6:45 Wellington Arch at Constitution Hill traffic island in Westminster City.
Famous places in London are named after British victories in the Napoleonic wars, such as Trafalgar Square, Nelson's Column, Admiralty Arch, Waterloo, Wellington Place, etc.
Wellington stems from a small industrial town named Wellington in Somerset, in the West Country of south-west England. The capital of New Zealand is also named Wellington.
London's Waterloo is named after the Battle of Waterloo, and there are also places named Waterloo in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Hong Kong too. Maida Vale in London is named after a 2nd British victory over the French at Maida Vale in Italy. Lord Horatio Nelson's column is in Trafalgar Square, City of Westminster, London.
Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS was a British soldier and statesman, born in Dublin, Eire, a native of Ireland from the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy, leader of the United Kingdom and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. The Wellington Arch in London is in honour of the 1st Duke of Wellington. The Wellington Statue has been moved to Aldershot, England.
Friendships and Introductions
Friendships and Introductions by Unlucky Fried Kitten...an average pop band from the lower depths of England. Many famous people have come from England...though
I'm not saying they have all used dating agencies...nor am I saying that they have procured foreign brides.
Famous people from England
Kings & Queens
# Richard I Lionheart (1157-1199), inveterate crusader
# Henry VIII (1491-1547), founder of the Anglican Church
# Queen Mary the Catholic (1553-1558), best remembered as Bloody Mary
# Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603), supervised England's first golden age.
# George III (1738-1820), lost the 13 American colonies that became the USA and went mad after that and the French Revolution
# Queen Victoria (1819-1901), reigned over the British Empire at its apogee and Britain's second golden age. Longest serving Britsih monarch.
# Queen Elizabeth II (b 1926), present queen of England
Politicians
# Sir Robert Walpole (1676-1745), British prime minister
# Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852), 1st Duke of Wellington (The Iron Duke), general & British prime minister. He defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.
# Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881), British prime minister
# William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898), British prime minister
# Winston Churchill (1874-1965), British prime minister and Nobel prizewinner for literature
# Baroness Margaret Thatcher (b 1925), the Iron Lady, British prime minister
Writers & Poets
# Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343-1400), poet, author of The Canterbury Tales
# Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)
# William Shakespeare (c. 1564-1616)
# John Milton (1608-1674)
# Daniel Defoe (1660?-1731)
# Thomas Paine (1737-1809), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
# Jane Austen (1775-1817)
# Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
# Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)
# Emily Bronte (1818-1848)
# Anne Bronte (1820-1849)
# Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), author of the Jungle Book, Nobel prize winner for literature
# Beatrix Potter (1866-1943),author and illustrator of Peter Rabbit
# William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965)
# Winston Churchill (1874-1965), British prime minister and Nobel prize winner for literature
# T. S. Eliot (1888-1965), poet, playwright and Nobel prize winner for literature
# Dame Agatha Christie (1891-1976)
# George Orwell (1903-1950, real name : Eric Blair), journalist and novelist
# Andy Warhol (1928-1987)
Philosophers, Economists
# Francis Bacon (1561-1626), philosopher and essayist
# Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), philosopher
# John Locke (1632-1704), philosopher
# Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), philosopher
# Thomas Malthus (1766-1834), demographer
# John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), economist and philosopher
# Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), philosopher and Nobel prize winner for literature
# John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), economist
Inventors & Scientists
# Isaac Newton (1642-1727), founder of modern physics, inventor of the reflector telescope
# George Stephenson (1781-1848), father of British Steam Railways
# Rowland Hill (1795-1879), inventor of the modern postal service
# Isambard Kingdom Brunel, (1806-1859), engineer of the Great Western Railway, transatlantic ships and bridges.
# Charles Darwin, (1809-1882), founder of The Theory of Evolution
# Howard Carter (1874-1939), archaeologist and egyptologist
Actors, Actresses & Filmmakers
# Sir Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977)
# Alfred Hitchcock, (1899-1980)
# Sir Peter Ustinov (1921-2004)
# Roger Moore (b 1927)
# Audrey Hepburn (1929-1993), Belgian-born of English father and Dutch mother.
# Dame Elizabeth Taylor(b 1932)
# John Clesse (b. 1939), one of the Monty Python
# Graham Chapman (b. 1941), one of the Monty Python
# Terry Jones (b. 1942), one of the Monty Python
# Eric Idle (b. 1943), one of the Monty Python
# Micheal Pallin (b. 1943), one of the Monty Python
# Sir Ben Kingsley (b 1943)
# Jeremy Irons (b. 1948)
# Rowan Atkinson, aka Mr Bean' (b 1955)
# Hugh Grant (b 1960)
# Colin Firth (b. 1960)
# Orlando Bloom (b. 1977)
# Keira Knightley (b. 1985)
# Daniel Radcliffe (b. 1989)
The Napoleonic Wars (PARTS 1-6)
The Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815) brought upheaval and destruction to Europe on an unprecedented scale. This is the story of the first half of those wars, when Napoleon Bonaparte, self-crowned Emperor of the French, ruled supreme on the battlefield and international stage - the greatest man of his age. But in the midst of victory, the seeds of his eventual downfall were sown.
This video is a compilation of the first six episodes of Epic History TV's Napoleonic Wars series.
????Support Epic History TV on Patreon from $1 per video, and get perks including ad-free early access, exclusive updates and votes on future topics.
????Buy EHTV t-shirts, hoodies, mugs and stickers here!
????Recommended books on the Napoleonic Wars, all of which were consulted in the creation of this series (as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases):
Primary sources:
????The Diary of a Napoleonic Foot Soldier by Jakob Walter
????Memoirs of an Aide de Camp of Napoleon by General Count Philippe de Ségur
????Chasseur Barres by Jean-Baptiste Barres
????Memoirs of General Count Rapp
????Imperial Glory: The Bulletins of Napoleon's Grande Armée 1805 - 1814 by J.David Markham
????Napoleon on Napoleon Somerset de Chair (ed.)
Secondary sources:
????Napoleon's Wars: An International History by Charles Esdaile
????Napoleon the Great by Andrew Roberts
????The Illustrated Napoleon by David G. Chandler
????On the Napoleonic Wars by David G. Chandler
????The Peninsular War: A New History by Charles Esdaile
????The Napoleonic Wars by Todd Fisher
????La Grande Armée by Georges Blond
????Tactics & The Experience of Battle in the Age of Napoleon by Rory Muir
????Weapons & Equipment of the Napoleonic Wars by Philip Haythornthwaite
From the Osprey Campaign series: (
????Austerlitz 1805 by Ian Castle
????Jena 1806 by David G. Chandler
????Corunna 1809 by Philip Haythornthwaite
????Talavera 1809 by René Chartrand
????Eggmühl 1809 by Ian Castle
????Aspern & Wagram 1809 by Ian Castle
????Salamanca 1812 by Ian Fletcher
Websites:
????
????
????
????????All music from Filmstro
Get 20% off an annual license with this exclusive code: EPICHISTORYTV_ANN
#EpicHistoryTV #NapoleonicWars #Napoleon
Waterloo (1970) - A most beautiful scene
'Our officers of cavalry have acquired a trick of galloping at everything. They never consider the situation, never think of manoeuvring before an enemy, and never keep back or provide a reserve.'
—Arthur Wellesley, The Duke of Wellington
The Battle of Waterloo
At a crucial juncture, Uxbridge ordered his two brigades of British heavy cavalry, formed unseen behind the ridge, to charge in support of the hard-pressed infantry. The 1st Brigade, known as the Household Brigade, commanded by Major-General Edward Somerset (Lord Somerset), consisted of 'guards regiments': the 1st and 2nd Life Guards, the Royal Horse Guards (the Blues), and the 1st 'King's' Dragoon Guards. The 2nd Brigade, also known as the Union Brigade, commanded by Major-General Sir William Ponsonby, was so called as it consisted of an English (1st, 'The Royals'), a Scottish (2nd, 'Scots Greys'), and an Irish (6th, 'Inniskilling') regiment of heavy dragoons. According to Wellington, they had little tactical ability or nous (common sense). The two brigades had a combined field strength of about 2,000 (2,651 official strength), and they charged with the 47-year-old Uxbridge leading them and little reserve. The Household Brigade charged down the hill in the centre of the battlefield. The French brigade of cuirassiers guarding d'Erlon's left flank were still dispersed, and so were swept over the deeply sunken main road and then routed.
(
Video clip: Waterloo (1970)
King's College London | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:33 1 History
00:03:42 1.1 Foundation
00:05:23 1.1.1 Duel in Battersea Fields, 21 March 1829
00:07:40 1.2 19th century
00:12:37 1.3 20th century
00:15:47 1.4 2001 to present
00:18:14 2 Campus
00:18:22 2.1 Strand Campus
00:20:01 2.2 Guy's Campus
00:20:52 2.3 Waterloo Campus
00:22:30 2.4 St Thomas's Campus
00:23:24 2.5 Denmark Hill Campus
00:24:35 2.6 Redevelopment programme
00:26:48 3 Organisation and administration
00:26:58 3.1 Governance
00:29:16 3.2 Faculties and departments
00:30:14 3.2.1 Faculty of Arts and Humanities
00:30:59 3.2.2 Dental Institute
00:33:24 3.2.3 Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
00:34:13 3.2.4 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
00:35:03 3.2.5 The Dickson Poon School of Law
00:35:55 3.2.6 Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences
00:37:25 3.2.7 Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
00:38:15 3.2.8 Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy
00:39:40 3.2.9 King's Business School
00:40:08 3.3 Finances
00:42:14 3.4 Coat of arms
00:43:43 3.4.1 Coat of arms of the medical schools
00:45:01 3.5 Affiliations and partnerships
00:47:35 4 Academics
00:47:44 4.1 Admissions
00:49:16 4.2 Teaching
00:49:41 4.3 Graduation
00:50:29 4.4 Research
00:52:16 4.5 Medicine
00:53:57 4.6 Libraries
00:54:17 4.6.1 Maughan Library
00:55:08 4.6.2 Other libraries
00:59:31 4.7 Museums, galleries and collections
01:03:35 4.8 Rankings and reputation
01:08:39 4.9 Associateship of King's College
01:09:42 4.10 Fellowship of King's College
01:10:56 5 Student life
01:11:04 5.1 Students' union
01:13:23 5.2 Student media
01:14:45 5.3 Sports
01:16:01 5.4 Societies and organisations
01:16:28 5.5 Student-led think tank
01:17:12 5.6 Music
01:18:12 5.7 Rivalry with University College London
01:19:48 5.8 Rivalry with the London School of Economics
01:20:46 5.9 Student residences
01:20:54 5.9.1 Halls of residence
01:22:13 5.9.2 Intercollegiate halls of residence
01:23:01 6 Notable people
01:23:10 6.1 Notable alumni
01:29:32 6.2 Nobel laureates
01:29:47 6.3 Notable academics and staff
01:30:48 7 In popular culture
01:30:57 7.1 Film and television settings
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.9219529332965222
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, when it received its first royal charter (as a university college), and claims to be the fourth oldest university institution in England. In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998).
King's has five campuses: its historic Strand Campus in central London, three other Thames-side campuses (Guy's, St Thomas' and Waterloo) and one in Denmark Hill in south London. In 2017/18, King's had a total income of £841.1 million, of which £194.4 million was from research grants and contracts. It is the 12th largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment. It has the fifth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and the largest of any in London. Its academic activities are organised into nine faculties, which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres, and research divisions.
King's is generally considered part of the 'golden triangle' of research-intensive English universities alongside the University of Oxford, Un ...
Reform Act 1832 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Reform Act 1832
00:02:20 1 Unreformed House of Commons
00:02:30 1.1 Composition
00:05:15 1.2 The franchise
00:08:21 1.2.1 Women's suffrage
00:09:40 1.3 Pocket boroughs, bribery
00:11:56 2 Movement for reform
00:12:06 2.1 Early attempts at reform
00:15:31 2.2 Aftermath of the French Revolution
00:18:27 2.3 Reform during the 1820s
00:20:31 3 Passage of the Reform Act
00:20:41 3.1 First Reform Bill
00:24:34 3.2 Second Reform Bill
00:27:02 3.3 Third Reform Bill
00:29:58 4 Results
00:30:07 4.1 Provisions
00:30:15 4.1.1 Abolition of seats
00:30:59 4.1.2 Creation of new seats
00:32:03 4.1.3 Extension of the franchise
00:33:59 4.2 Effects
00:36:05 4.3 Tenant voters
00:37:29 4.4 Limitations
00:39:17 4.5 Further reform
00:41:24 5 Assessment
00:44:25 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Representation of the People Act 1832 (known informally as the 1832 Reform Act, Great Reform Act or First Reform Act to distinguish it from subsequent Reform Acts) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 45) that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales. According to its preamble, the Act was designed to take effectual Measures for correcting divers Abuses that have long prevailed in the Choice of Members to serve in the Commons House of Parliament. Before the reform, most members nominally represented boroughs. The number of electors in a borough varied widely, from a dozen or so up to 12,000. Frequently the selection of MPs was effectively controlled by one powerful patron: for example Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, controlled eleven boroughs. Criteria for qualification for the franchise varied greatly among boroughs, from the requirement to own land, to merely living in a house with a hearth sufficient to boil a pot.
There had been calls for reform long before 1832, but without success. The Act that finally succeeded was proposed by the Whigs, led by Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey. It met with significant opposition from the Pittite factions in Parliament, who had long governed the country; opposition was especially pronounced in the House of Lords. Nevertheless, the bill was eventually passed, mainly as a result of public pressure. The Act granted seats in the House of Commons to large cities that had sprung up during the Industrial Revolution, and removed seats from the rotten boroughs: those with very small electorates and usually dominated by a wealthy patron. The Act also increased the electorate from about 400,000 to 650,000, making about one in five adult males eligible to vote.The full title is An Act to amend the representation of the people in England and Wales. Its formal short title and citation is Representation of the People Act 1832 (2 & 3 Wm. IV, c. 45). The Act applied only in England and Wales; the Irish Reform Act 1832 brought similar changes to Ireland. The separate Scottish Reform Act 1832 was revolutionary, enlarging the electorate by a factor of 1300% from 5000 to 65,000.
Battle of Waterloo | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Waterloo
00:02:57 1 Prelude
00:08:41 2 Armies
00:13:25 3 Battlefield
00:16:57 4 Battle
00:17:06 4.1 Preparation
00:21:14 4.2 Hougoumont
00:25:18 4.3 The Grand Battery starts its bombardment
00:26:16 4.4 Napoleon spots Prussians
00:27:22 4.5 First French infantry attack
00:33:32 4.6 Charge of the British heavy cavalry
00:42:37 4.7 The French cavalry attack
00:48:27 4.8 Second French infantry attack
00:50:08 4.9 French capture of La Haye Sainte
00:54:48 4.10 Arrival of the Prussian IV Corps: Plancenoit
00:56:43 4.11 Zieten's flank march
00:59:35 4.12 Attack of the Imperial Guard
01:06:16 4.13 Prussian capture of Plancenoit
01:08:51 4.14 French disintegration
01:11:30 5 Aftermath
01:15:23 6 Analysis
01:15:31 6.1 Historical importance
01:17:01 6.2 Views on the reasons for Napoleon's defeat
01:20:39 7 Battlefield today
01:24:00 8 Coin controversy
01:24:56 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Battle of Waterloo, also called the Battle of Mount St. John, was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815, near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by two of the armies of the Seventh Coalition: a British-led Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington, and a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prince of Wahlstatt. The battle marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Upon Napoleon's return to power in March 1815, many states that had opposed him formed the Seventh Coalition, and began to mobilize armies. Wellington and Blücher's armies were cantoned close to the north-eastern border of France. Napoleon chose to attack them separately in the hope of destroying them before they could join in a co-ordinated invasion of France with other members of the coalition. On 16 June Napoleon successfully attacked the bulk of the Prussian army at the Battle of Ligny with his main force, while at the same time a portion of the French army attacked an Allied army at the Battle of Quatre Bras. Despite holding his ground at Quatre Bras, the defeat of the Prussians forced Wellington to withdraw north to Waterloo on the 17th. Napoleon sent a third of his forces to pursue the Prussians, who had withdrawn parallel to Wellington in good order. This resulted in the separate and simultaneous Battle of Wavre with the Prussian rear-guard.
Upon learning that the Prussian army was able to support him, Wellington decided to offer battle on the Mont-Saint-Jean escarpment, across the Brussels road. Here he withstood repeated attacks by the French throughout the afternoon of the 18th, aided by the progressively arriving Prussians. In the evening Napoleon committed his last reserves, the French Imperial Guard, to a desperate final attack, which was narrowly beaten back. With the Prussians breaking through on the French right flank, Wellington's Anglo-allied army counter-attacked in the centre, and the French army was routed.
Waterloo was the decisive engagement of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. According to Wellington, the battle was the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life. Napoleon abdicated four days later, and on 7 July coalition forces entered Paris. The defeat at Waterloo ended Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French, and marked the end of his Hundred Days return from exile. This ended the First French Empire, and set a chronological milestone between serial European wars and decades of relative peace.
The battlefield is located in the municipalities of Braine-l'Alleud and Lasne, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Brussels, and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the town of Waterloo. The site of the battlefield today is dominated by a large monument, the Lion's Mound. As this mound was constructed from earth taken from the battlefield itself, the contemporary topography of the battlefield near the mound has not been preserved.