Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:30 1 History
00:08:53 1.1 1800 to 1900
00:12:10 1.2 1900 to present
00:15:56 2 Geography
00:18:17 2.1 Cityscape
00:18:25 2.1.1 Areas
00:18:59 2.1.1.1 Golden Triangle
00:20:26 2.1.1.2 Central
00:21:12 2.1.1.3 North Side
00:22:24 2.1.1.4 South Side
00:24:00 2.1.1.5 East End
00:24:57 2.1.1.6 West End
00:25:15 2.1.2 Ethnicities
00:26:27 2.1.3 Population densities
00:26:58 2.1.4 Images
00:27:06 2.2 Regional identity
00:28:20 2.3 Climate
00:31:41 2.3.1 Air quality
00:34:51 2.3.2 Water quality
00:36:46 3 Demographics
00:41:48 4 Economy
00:46:57 5 Arts and culture
00:47:07 5.1 Entertainment
00:53:02 5.2 Theatre
00:54:30 5.3 Literature
00:57:22 5.4 Food
00:58:00 5.5 Local dialect
00:59:39 5.6 Livability
01:04:07 6 Sports
01:05:51 6.1 Baseball
01:08:11 6.2 Football
01:11:29 6.3 Hockey
01:14:11 6.4 Basketball
01:18:24 6.5 Golf
01:19:38 6.6 Annual sports events
01:20:47 6.7 Professional wrestling
01:21:39 7 Government and politics
01:21:49 7.1 Government
01:22:53 7.2 Politics
01:25:12 7.3 Law enforcement
01:26:25 7.4 Crime
01:27:23 8 Education
01:32:11 9 Media
01:32:20 9.1 Newspapers
01:33:16 9.2 Television
01:34:57 9.3 Radio
01:36:25 9.4 Film
01:37:28 10 Utilities
01:38:02 11 Health care
01:41:59 11.1 Health discoveries
01:43:22 12 Transportation
01:44:35 12.1 Rail
01:46:15 12.2 Port
01:46:39 12.3 Expressways and highways
01:49:07 12.4 Airports
01:49:26 12.5 Public transit
01:51:33 12.5.1 Public transportation statistics
01:52:27 13 Notable people
01:52:36 14 Sister cities
01:52:51 15 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Pittsburgh ( PITS-burg) is a city in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. A population of about 301,048 residents live within the city limits, making it the 66th-largest city in the U.S. The metropolitan population of 2,324,743 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania (behind Philadelphia), and the 27th-largest in the U.S.
Pittsburgh is located in the southwest of the state, at the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers. Pittsburgh is known both as the Steel City for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and as the City of Bridges for its 446 bridges. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclined railways, a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest, as the mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires, Virginians, Whiskey Rebels, and Civil War raiders.Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York City and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita. America's 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. This heritage left the area with renowned museums, medical centers, parks, research centers, and a diverse cultural district.Today, Google, Apple Inc., Bosch, Facebook, Uber, Nokia, Autodesk, Microsoft and IBM are among 1,600 technology firms generating $20.7 billion in annual Pittsburgh payrolls. The area has served as the long-time federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research and the nuclear navy. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. The nation's eighth-largest bank, eight Fortune 500 co ...
Gulf War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gulf War
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 1990 – 17 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War, First Iraq War or Iraq War, before the term Iraq War became identified instead with the 2003 Iraq War. The Iraqi Army's occupation of Kuwait that began 2 August 1990 was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the UN Security Council. Together with the UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher — who had resisted the invasion by Argentina of the Falkland Islands a decade earlier — George H. W. Bush deployed US forces into Saudi Arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. An array of nations joined the coalition, forming the largest military alliance since World War II. The great majority of the coalition's military forces were from the US, with Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and Egypt as leading contributors, in that order. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia paid around US$32 billion of the US$60 billion cost.The war was marked by the introduction of live news broadcasts from the front lines of the battle, principally by the US network CNN. The war has also earned the nickname Video Game War after the daily broadcast of images from cameras on board US bombers during Operation Desert Storm.The initial conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991, continuing for five weeks. This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February. This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. The coalition ceased its advance and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on Saudi Arabia's border. Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel.