History Carriage
It's like almost exactly like Cash Cab, except instead of winning cash for answering trivia questions, you ride in a plush horse-drawn cart, while a carriage driver spouts off trivia (that may or may not be true) about the City of Brotherly Love, and everyone prays the horse doesn't have gas. Okay, so it's nothing like Cash Cab... but hey, learning historical-type things in a horse-drawn carriage with friends is FUN!
Plus Tiff totally earned a Lifescouts badge... BOOYAH!
Video shows tractor-trailer overturn in alleged road rage crash
Police released video showing an alleged road rage crash involving a tractor-trailer. An apparent act of road rage ended when a tractor-trailer driver crashed into a highway median, flipped and overturned across Route 17 in a wreck captured on dashboard camera footage.
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
00:03:25 1 Early life
00:07:04 2 Departure from France
00:07:14 2.1 Finding a cause
00:10:19 2.2 Departure for America
00:11:55 3 American Revolution
00:13:46 3.1 Brandywine, Valley Forge, and Albany
00:16:10 3.2 Barren Hill, Monmouth, and Rhode Island
00:19:28 3.3 Return to France
00:21:03 3.4 Second voyage to America
00:24:34 3.5 Virginia and Yorktown
00:26:44 4 Hero of two worlds
00:30:27 5 French Revolution
00:30:36 5.1 Assembly of Notables and Estates-General
00:32:53 5.2 National Guard, Versailles, and Day of Daggers
00:36:06 5.3 Decline: Flight to Varennes and Champs de Mars massacre
00:37:58 5.4 Conflict and exile
00:40:28 6 Prisoner
00:47:09 7 Retreat from politics
00:48:54 8 Bourbon restoration
00:52:27 9 Grand tour of the United States
00:57:43 10 Revolution of 1830
01:00:33 11 Final years and death
01:02:47 12 Beliefs
01:05:02 13 Assessment
01:11:08 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (French: [maʁki də la fajɛt]; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War, commanding American troops in several battles, including the Siege of Yorktown. After returning to France, he was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.
Lafayette was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Chavaniac in the province of Auvergne in south central France. He followed the family's martial tradition and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American cause was noble in its revolutionary war, and he traveled to the New World seeking glory in it. He was made a major general at age 19, but he was initially not given American troops to command. He was wounded during the Battle of Brandywine but still managed to organize an orderly retreat, and he served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he sailed for home to lobby for an increase in French support. He returned to America in 1780 and was given senior positions in the Continental Army. In 1781, troops under his command in Virginia blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive Siege of Yorktown.
Lafayette returned to France and was appointed to the Assembly of Notables in 1787, convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789, where representatives met from the three traditional orders of French society: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. After forming the National Constituent Assembly, he helped to write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen with Thomas Jefferson's assistance. This document was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence and invoked natural law to establish basic principles of the democratic nation-state. He also advocated the end of slavery, in keeping with the philosophy of natural liberty. After the storming of the Bastille, he was appointed commander-in-chief of France's National Guard and tried to steer a middle course through the years of revolution. In August 1792, radical factions ordered his arrest, and he fled into the Austrian Netherlands. He was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison.
Lafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, a position that he held for most of the remainder of his life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited him to the United States as the nation's guest, and he visited all 24 states in the union and met a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, he declined an offer to become the Fren ...
Civil War Homecoming
The year 1865 saw inauguration, abolition, armistice, assassination, grief, celebration, and reunion. The brand new state of Minnesota mourned and commemorated along with the rest of the nation.
A live stage show featuring Dan Chouinard, Beth Gilleland, Dane Stauffer, Kevin Kling, Maria Jette, T. Mychael Rambo, Prudence Johnson, members of the Roe Family Singers, and the Brass Messengers as well as Eric Jacobson, Annette Atkins, Gwen Westerman, Mark Ritchie, Dean Urdahl, Patricia Bauer, and David Geister.
ACT I
0:00:00 Opening sequence: Randal Dietrich & Stephen Smith
0:01:20 Music: The Vacant Chair
0:04:00 Welcome: Dan Chouinard
0:05:30 Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural (part 1 of 2): Dean Urdahl
0:07:30 Music: Weeping Sad & Lonely
0:10:00 Civil War literature: Dan Chouinard
0:10:30 Bowlers: Beth Gilleland & Dane Stauffer
0:13:25 Christie Brothers: Mark Ritchie & Kevin Kling
0:16:00 1861-1864: Eric Jacobson
0:23:00 Gettysburg: Kevin Kling
0:27:30 Music: Brother Green
0:29:30 Civil War Music: Dan Chouinard
0:31:30 Music: Battle Cry of Freedom
0:32:20 1865: Dan Chouinard
0:32:50 Music: Home for Me
0:35:50 13th Amendment: Dan Chouinard
0:38:40 Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural (part 2 of 2): Dean Urdahl
0:40:20 Frederick Douglass: T. Mychael Rambo
0:42:00 Music: True Lover’s Fairwell
0:42:45 Bowlers: Beth Gilleland & Dane Stauffer
0:46:20 Lee’s Surrender/Fall of Richmond: Pat Bauer
0:47:15 Music: Dixie
0:48:00 Lincoln’s assassination: Dan Chouinard
0:51:50 LeDuc: Pat Bauer & David Geister
0:53:17 Funeral Train: Dan Chouinard
0:56:00 Grand Review: Dan Chouinard
0:56:50 Christie Brothers: Mark Ritchie & Kevin Kling
0:58:50 Music: Down by the Riverside
1:00:55 Intermission: Stephen Smith, Shari Lamke, Randal Dietrich
ACT II
1:02:00 Shall We Gather At the River
1:03:40 Homecomings: Mark Ritchie & Kevin Kling & Dan Chouinard
1:07:05 Music: Home Sweet Home
1:08:30 Music: Maiden in the Garden
1:10:45 Civil War Veterans: Dan Chouinard
1:12:30 Bowlers: Beth Gilleland & Dane Stauffer
1:14:45 MN & the Civil War: Annette Atkins
1:19:30 Blacks in MN: Dan Chouinard & T. Mychael Rambo
1:22:00 Music: I’ll Overcome Someday
1:25:00 Native People: Gwen Westerman
1:31:45 War’s Legacy: Eric Jacobson
1:38:50 Litany of stories
1:44:50 Angel Band
1:47:20 Civil War in our Midst
1:52:20 Music: Jacob’s Ladder
1:55:40 Closing Comments & Credits
So well remembered...: The Life and Career of Gilbert Chinard
Friday, March 17, 2017
John Carter Brown Library, Brown University
Providence, RI
David Bell
Assistant Professor of History
Princeton University
David Bell, Sidney and Ruth Lapidus Professor of History at Princeton University, delivered the keynote lecture of the symposium So Well Remembered...: The Life and Career of Gilbert Chinard, which took place at the John Carter Brown Library March 16 - March 17, 2017. The lecture, entitled George Washington and the Two Corsicans, examines the development of George Washington's reputation in the early years of the American Revolution and places it in the context of notions of heroism and charismatic leadership that circulated throughout the Atlantic World in the decades of the Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions.
Brown University
March 17, 2017
Charles Dickens | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:07 1 Early years
00:12:06 2 Journalism and early novels
00:20:06 3 First visit to the United States
00:25:57 4 Philanthropy
00:26:56 5 Religious views
00:29:02 6 Middle years
00:35:33 7 Last years
00:36:47 8 Second visit to the United States
00:38:29 9 Farewell readings
00:40:19 10 Death
00:43:01 11 Literary style
00:45:10 11.1 Characters
00:47:37 11.2 Autobiographical elements
00:49:08 11.3 Episodic writing
00:51:09 11.4 Social commentary
00:51:54 11.5 Literary techniques
00:54:40 12 Reception
01:00:37 13 Influence and legacy
01:03:57 14 Notable works
01:07:21 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9706304833930668
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are still widely read today.Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of formal education, he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, five novellas, hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed readings extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.
Dickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers. Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. Cliffhanger endings in his serial publications kept readers in suspense. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback. For example, when his wife's chiropodist expressed distress at the way Miss Mowcher in David Copperfield seemed to reflect her disabilities, Dickens improved the character with positive features. His plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. Masses of the illiterate poor chipped in ha'pennies to have each new monthly episode read to them, opening up and inspiring a new class of readers.Dickens was regarded as the literary colossus of his age. His 1843 novella, A Christmas Carol, remains popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are also frequently adapted, and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens has been praised by fellow writers—from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell, G. K. Chesterton and Tom Wolfe—for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations, and social criticism. On the other hand, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth, loose writing, and a vein of sentimentalism. The term Dickensian is used to describe something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters.
Viewers Tell Me The Best Cruise Ship Buffets They Have Ever Had! Plus We Play Travel Trivia!
Viewers Tell Me The Best Cruise Ship Buffets They Have Ever Had! Plus We Play Travel Trivia! Lets eat! Cruise ship buffets are perfect for most travellers morning noon and night because you can eat all you want when you want. No extra charge for the buffet, just go in and eat or graze all you wish. My viewers discuss their favorite ships and cruise line buffets in this video. Now get your thinking caps on folks it's time for cruise ship and travel trivia! No cheating, just play along and good luck.
Please support my channel by donating to my Paypal account and If you donate $10 or more, you can earn a gift of a sports medallion!
Send me an email and tell which medallion you want and include your mailing address and I'll send it out to you! Thanks for your support of my channel!
brucefrommert@hotmail.com
Here are the teams available
NFL
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NHL
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Plus I have Star Trek logos and The Beatles Logos!
UCLA Bruins USC and other college teams please inquire by email
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: (1112) Royal Caribbean Will Use 130 Workers To Replace The Televisions On The Allure of the Seas
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Electric tram | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:17 1 Etymology and terminology
00:05:32 2 History
00:05:55 2.1 Horse-drawn
00:11:47 2.2 Steam
00:13:56 2.3 Cable-hauled
00:18:42 2.4 Gas
00:20:41 2.5 Electric
00:29:45 2.6 Other power sources
00:30:00 2.6.1 Battery
00:31:14 2.6.2 Human Power
00:32:13 2.6.3 Liquid fuel
00:33:03 2.6.4 Compressed air
00:33:18 2.6.5 Hydrogen
00:33:50 2.6.6 Hybrid
00:34:36 2.7 Modern development
00:35:27 3 Design
00:35:35 3.1 Single-ended vs double-ended
00:38:14 3.2 Articulated
00:39:42 3.3 Double decker
00:40:59 3.4 Drop-Centre (lowered central section)
00:41:49 3.5 Low floor
00:44:10 3.5.1 Ultra low floor
00:45:02 3.5.2 Pivoting bogie
00:45:47 3.6 Tram-train
00:46:44 3.7 Cargo tram
00:49:50 3.8 Tourist tram
00:50:24 3.9 Nursery tram
00:50:54 3.10 Hearse tram
00:52:19 3.11 Dog car
00:52:45 3.12 Restaurant tram
00:54:20 3.13 Mobile library service
00:54:59 3.14 Contractors' mobile office
00:55:28 3.15 Maintenance tram
00:56:23 3.16 Rubber-tyred tram
00:57:16 3.17 Other designs
00:57:24 3.17.1 Modular design
00:58:11 3.17.2 Modern styling
00:58:37 4 Operation
00:59:14 4.1 Track
01:01:19 4.2 Track gauge
01:02:31 4.3 Power supply
01:04:02 4.3.1 Ground-level power supply
01:05:12 4.4 Tram stop
01:05:47 4.5 Route
01:09:36 4.6 Controls
01:10:11 5 Manufacturing
01:10:39 6 Advantages
01:12:32 7 Disadvantages
01:14:14 8 By region
01:16:30 8.1 Statistics
01:19:28 8.2 Major tram and light rail systems
01:31:17 8.3 Africa
01:31:25 8.4 Asia
01:34:25 8.5 Europe
01:35:24 8.6 North America
01:39:17 8.7 Oceania
01:43:53 8.8 South America
01:45:09 9 Incidents
01:47:53 10 Tram modelling
01:50:39 11 In popular culture
01:50:54 11.1 Literature
01:57:59 11.2 Music
01:59:28 11.3 Film
02:02:44 11.4 Television
02:03:33 11.5 Visual arts
02:05:42 11.6 Drama
02:06:12 11.7 Ballet
02:06:29 11.8 Opera
02:06:45 11.9 Other
02:07:54 12 See also
02:08:03 12.1 Tram types
02:08:12 12.2 Trams by region
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8924788607054737
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A tram (in North America streetcar or trolley) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets; some include segments of segregated right-of-way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Historically the term electric street railways was also used in the United States. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tyred trackless trains, which are not related to the other vehicles covered in this article.
Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector. In some cases by a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Occasionally, trams also carry freight.
Trams are now commonly included in the wider term light rail, which also includes grade-separated systems. Some trams, known as tram-trains, may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks, similar to interurban systems. The differences between these modes of rail transport are often indistinct, and a given system may combine multiple features.
One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the animals to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with disposing of. Electric trams largely replaced animal power in the late 19th and early 20th century. Improvements in other forms of road transport ...
Electric trolley | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:02 1 Etymology and terminology
00:04:57 2 History
00:05:20 2.1 Horse-drawn
00:10:27 2.2 Steam
00:12:21 2.3 Cable-hauled
00:16:36 2.4 Gas
00:18:20 2.5 Electric
00:26:35 2.6 Other power sources
00:26:50 2.6.1 Battery
00:27:55 2.6.2 Compressed air
00:28:10 2.6.3 Human power
00:29:03 2.6.4 Hydrogen
00:29:32 2.6.5 Hybrid
00:30:15 2.6.6 Liquid fuel
00:31:01 2.7 Modern development
00:31:49 3 Design
00:31:58 3.1 Articulated
00:33:18 3.2 Cargo tram
00:36:06 3.3 Dog car
00:36:30 3.4 Double decker
00:37:40 3.5 Drop-Centre (lowered central section)
00:38:25 3.6 Hearse tram
00:39:43 3.7 Low floor
00:42:30 3.7.1 Pivoting bogie
00:43:08 3.8 Maintenance tram
00:43:58 3.9 Mobile library service
00:44:34 3.10 Nursery tram
00:45:02 3.11 Restaurant tram
00:46:37 3.12 Single-ended versus double-ended
00:48:59 3.13 Tourist tram
00:49:30 3.14 Tram-train
00:50:22 3.15 Contractors' mobile office
00:50:49 3.16 Rubber-tyred tram
00:51:50 3.17 Other designs
00:51:59 3.17.1 Modern styling
00:52:23 3.17.2 Modular design
00:53:06 4 Operation
00:53:40 4.1 Controls
00:54:12 4.2 Power supply
00:55:33 4.2.1 Ground-level power supply
00:56:36 4.3 Route
01:00:03 4.4 Track
01:01:59 4.5 Track gauge
01:03:04 4.6 Tram stop
01:03:37 5 Manufacturing
01:04:03 6 Debate
01:04:12 6.1 Advantages
01:06:00 6.2 Disadvantages
01:07:33 7 By region
01:09:35 7.1 Major tram and light rail systems
01:19:58 7.1.1 Statistics
01:22:49 7.2 Africa
01:22:57 7.3 Asia
01:25:39 7.4 Europe
01:26:33 7.5 North America
01:30:07 7.6 Oceania
01:34:18 7.7 South America
01:35:51 8 Incidents
01:38:16 9 Tram modelling
01:40:44 10 In popular culture
01:40:59 10.1 Ballet
01:41:14 10.2 Drama
01:41:42 10.3 Film
01:44:38 10.4 Literature
01:51:29 10.5 Music
01:52:49 10.6 Opera
01:53:05 10.7 Television
01:53:50 10.8 Visual arts
01:55:47 10.9 Other
01:56:51 11 See also
01:57:01 11.1 Tram types
01:57:10 11.2 Trams by region
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9571201280978989
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A tram (in North America streetcar or trolley) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets; some include segments of segregated right-of-way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Historically the term electric street railways was also used in the United States. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains, which are unrelated to other kinds of trams.
Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector. In some cases by a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Occasionally, trams also carry freight.
Trams are now commonly included in the wider term light rail, which also includes grade-separated systems. Some trams, known as tram-trains, may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks, similar to interurban systems. The differences between these modes of rail transport are often indistinct, and a given system may combine multiple features.
One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the trams to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with disposing of. Electric trams largely replaced animal power in the late 19th and early 20th century. Improvements in other forms of road transport such as buses led to decline of ...
SPAN 2017 Pittsburgh - Livestream Day 1
SPAN is a conference exploring the ways in which design and technology shape our everyday lives. Use the timestamps below to jump to individual talks:
Madeline Gannon (0:07:33)
Panel: Desi Gonzalez, Paolo Pedercini, Jon Rubin, Aaron Lammer (0:27:29)
Molly Wright Steenson (1:10:42)
Panel: Elana Schlenker, Jakob Marsico, Lenka Clayton, Brett Yasko (1:36:34)
Watch SPAN Pittsburgh Day 2:
design.google/span2017
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HSN | Antthony Design Original Fashions 02.10.2018 - 06 PM
Discover must have beautiful contemporary fashions and accessories in easy knits and unique prints. Made with comfort in mind and offered in multiple options of color and print. These flattering fashions are designed to be worn from morning to night.
Prices shown on the previously recorded video may not represent the current price. View hsn.com to view the current selling price.SHOP NOW
Washington Monument | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Washington Monument
00:04:40 1 History
00:04:49 1.1 Rationale
00:05:58 1.2 Proposals for a memorial
00:08:10 1.3 Design
00:12:18 1.4 Construction
00:13:30 1.4.1 Excavation and initial construction
00:17:14 1.4.2 Donations run out
00:19:01 1.4.3 Post–Civil War
00:20:25 1.4.4 Resumption
00:22:21 1.5 Dedication
00:23:55 1.6 Later history
00:28:29 1.6.1 2011 earthquake damage
00:33:46 2 Components
00:33:54 2.1 Cornerstone
00:37:03 2.2 Memorial stones
00:41:13 2.3 Aluminum apex
00:45:42 2.4 Lightning protection
00:48:09 2.5 Walls
00:52:56 2.6 Pyramidion
00:58:34 2.7 Foundation
01:02:40 2.8 Stairs and elevator
01:07:37 2.9 Flags
01:09:06 2.10 Vesica piscis
01:09:34 2.11 Miscellaneous details
01:12:05 2.12 Security
01:14:39 3 Transit
01:14:52 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States. Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest predominately stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 554 feet 7 11⁄32 inches (169.046 m) tall according to the National Geodetic Survey (measured 2013–14) or 555 feet 5 1⁄8 inches (169.294 m) tall according to the National Park Service (measured 1884). It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances. It was the tallest structure in the world from 1884 to 1889, when it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
Construction of the monument began in 1848, and was halted from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of funds, a struggle for control over the Washington National Monument Society, and the intervention of the American Civil War. Although the stone structure was completed in 1884, internal ironwork, the knoll, and other finishing touches were not completed until 1888. A difference in shading of the marble, visible approximately 150 feet (46 m) or 27% up, shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source. The original design was by Robert Mills, but he did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds, proceeding only with a bare obelisk. The cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1848; the first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump on August 7, 1880; the capstone was set on December 6, 1884; the completed monument was dedicated on February 21, 1885; and officially opened October 9, 1888.
The Washington Monument is a hollow Egyptian style stone obelisk with a 500-foot (152.4 m) tall column and a 55-foot (16.8 m) tall pyramidion. Its walls are 15 feet (4.6 m) thick at its base and 1 1⁄2 feet (0.46 m) thick at their top. The marble pyramidion has thin walls only 7 inches (18 cm) thick supported by six arches, two between opposite walls that cross at the center of the pyramidion and four smaller corner arches. The top of the pyramidion is a large marble capstone with a small aluminum pyramid at its apex with inscriptions on all four sides. The lowest 150 feet (45.7 m) of the walls, constructed during the first phase 1848–1854, are composed of a pile of bluestone gneiss rubble stones (not finished stones) held together by a large amount of mortar with a facade of semi-finished marble stones about 1 1⁄4 feet (0.4 m) thick. The upper 350 feet (106.7 m) of the walls, constructed during the second phase 1880–1884, are composed of finished marble surface stones, half of which project into the walls, partially backed by finished granite stones.The interior is occupied by iron stairs that spiral up the walls, with an elevator in the center, each supported by four iron columns, which do not support the stone structure. The stairs contain fifty sections, most on the north and south walls, with many long landings stretching between them along t ...
The Valley of Fear Audiobook by A. Conan Doyle | Audiobooks Youtube Free | Sherlock Holmes Audiobook
Receiving a mysterious cypher message from a Fred Porlock, apparent agent of the infamous Professor Moriarty, Holmes and Watson set about deciphering the message, taking them into the mysterious murder of John Douglas. The connection between the murder and the message from Porlock creates the basis for this new Sherlock mystery, the last novel written by Doyle featuring the famous detective. - Summary by David Clarke
The Valley of Fear (Version 3)
Sir Arthur Conan DOYLE
Genre(s): Detective Fiction
A Peoples History Chpt 13 Part 2 - Silencing dissent
The American history you learned in high school is inaccurate, incomplete and biased as heck. Join me to hear history from a people's perspective, as opposed to the perspective of nations and rulers.
Sherlock Holmes | The Valley of Fear Audiobook by A. Conan Doyle | Full audiobook with subtitles
Receiving a mysterious cypher message from a Fred Porlock, apparent agent of the infamous Professor Moriarty, Holmes and Watson set about deciphering the message, taking them into the mysterious murder of John Douglas. The connection between the murder and the message from Porlock creates the basis for this new Sherlock mystery, the last novel written by Doyle featuring the famous detective. - Summary by David Clarke
Genre(s): Detective Fiction
The Valley of Fear (Version 3)
Sir Arthur Conan DOYLE
CHAPTERS:
Part 1: The Tragedy of Birlstone
0:19 - Chapter 1: The Warning
21:24 - Chapter 2: Sherlock Holmes Discourses
38:45 - Chapter 3: The Tragedy of Birlstone
59:56 - Chapter 4: Darkness
01:23:36 - Chapter 5: The People of the Drama
01:48:46 - Chapter 6: A Dawning Light
02:17:15 - Chapter 7: The Solution
Part 2: The Scowrers
02:52:54 - Chapter 1: The Man
03:12:18 - Chapter 2: The Bodymaster
03:47:53 - Chapter 3: Lodge 341, Vermissa
04:24:09 - Chapter 4: The Valley of Fear
04:46:44 - Chapter 5: The Darkest Hour
05:16:02 - Chapter 6: Danger
05:36:48 - Chapter 7: The Trapping of Birdy Edwards
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Richmond, Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:14 1 History
00:03:23 1.1 Colonial era
00:04:19 1.2 Revolution
00:05:17 1.3 Early United States
00:08:04 1.4 Civil War
00:12:57 1.5 Postbellum
00:14:23 1.6 20th century
00:17:56 2 Geography and climate
00:19:37 2.1 Cityscape
00:23:23 2.2 Climate
00:27:59 3 Demographics
00:31:44 3.1 Crime
00:33:59 3.2 Religion
00:40:42 4 Economy
00:45:40 4.1 Fortune 500 companies and other large corporations
00:48:28 4.2 Poverty
00:49:22 5 Arts and culture
00:49:31 5.1 Museums and monuments
00:53:19 5.2 Visual and performing arts
00:54:05 5.2.1 Murals
00:54:23 5.2.2 Professional performing companies
00:57:50 5.2.3 Other venues and companies
01:02:07 5.3 Literary arts
01:03:33 5.4 Architecture
01:09:12 5.5 Historic districts
01:10:05 5.6 Food
01:10:39 6 Parks and outdoor recreation
01:14:38 7 Sports
01:18:11 8 Media
01:20:06 9 Government and politics
01:23:55 10 Education
01:25:15 10.1 Colleges and universities
01:26:32 11 Infrastructure
01:26:42 11.1 Transportation
01:30:22 11.2 Major highways
01:30:30 11.3 Utilities
01:32:53 12 International relations
01:33:03 12.1 Sister cities
01:33:33 13 See also
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SUMMARY
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Richmond () is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region. Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871.
As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 204,214; in 2016, the population was estimated to be 223,170, making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia. The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.
Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, 100 miles (160 km) east of Lynchburg and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.
The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's Give me liberty or give me death speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the second and permanent capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a national hub of African-American commerce and culture.
Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Energy and WestRock, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.