Origins of baseball
The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century. Baseball and the other modern bat, ball and running games, cricket and rounders, were developed from earlier folk games in England. The first published rules of baseball were written in 1845 for a New York City base ball club called the Knickerbockers.
Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including Base Ball, Goal Ball, Round Ball, Fletch-catch, stool ball, and, simply, Base. In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players could be put out by being hit with the ball. Then as now, a batter was called out after three strikes.
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Harper Lecture with Matthew M. Briones: Illusion Fields: Baseball and U.S. History
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The study of baseball and the study of American history are not dissimilar. Both rely on origin myths and a profound sense of American exceptionalism. Both also require constant recycling of nostalgia and realism and a need for the scholar to read between the lines. Historian and Quantrell Award winner Matthew M. Briones, whose current research examines the historical interplay of race, class, and sports in Chicago, will reflect on why and how he teaches these two deeply held passions in tandem.
Matthew M. Briones is a cultural historian who specializes in the history of Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States, interracialism, and immigration. His first monograph, Jim and Jap Crow: A Cultural History of 1940s Interracial America (Princeton University Press, 2012), focuses on the home front culture of World War II, interrogating the ways in which different racialized and ethnic groups interacted during a time of heightened sense of possibility for American democracy.
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Playing & Talking about Baseball Across the Pacific
A panel of experts discussed how American baseball has influenced and been influenced by Japanese culture since the 19th century.
- Chandra Manning is a professor of U.S. history teaching the history of baseball course at Georgetown University and author of What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery and the Civil War The book won the Avery O. Craven Prize awarded by the Organization of American Historians, earned Honorable Mention for the Lincoln Prize and the Virginia Literary Awards for Nonfiction, and was a finalist for the Jefferson Davis Prize and the Frederick Douglass Prize. Manning is the author of Troubled Refuge: Struggling for Freedom in the Civil War.
- Bill Staples Jr. is the author of Kenichi Zenimura: Japanese American Baseball Pioneer.
- Robert K. Fitts is the author of several books on Japanese baseball including Wally Yonamine: The Man Who Changed Japanese Baseball, Banzai Babe Ruth, and Mashi: The Unfulfilled Baseball Dreams of Masanori Murakami, the First Japanese Major Leaguer.
- William W. Kelly is a professor of sociocultural anthropology at Yale University, a noted authority on the social and historical anthropology of Japan and the author of forthcoming The Sports World of the Hanshin Tigers: Professional Baseball in Modern Japan.
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High School Quiz Show: Baseball Edition (516)
Watch two teams of stats-savvy superfans face off (American League vs. National League) when High School Quiz Show heads to the ballpark for a very special Baseball Edition!
Toss-up Round: 02:42
Head-to-Head: 12:55
Category Round: 17:10
Lightning Round: 23:00
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Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the largest city and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Berkshire County. Its area code is 413. Its ZIP code is 01201 (01202 and 01203 are zip codes for Pittsfield post office boxes only). The population was 44,737 at the 2010 census. Although the population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third largest municipality in western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.
In 2005, Farmers Insurance ranked Pittsfield 20th in the United States as “Most Secure Place To Live” among small towns with fewer than 150,000 residents. In 2006, Forbes ranked Pittsfield as number 61 in its list of Best Small Places for Business. In 2008, Country Home magazine ranked Pittsfield as #24 in a listing of green cities east of the Mississippi. In 2009, the City of Pittsfield was chosen to receive a 2009 Commonwealth Award, Massachusetts' highest award in the arts, humanities, and sciences. In 2010, the Financial Times proclaimed Pittsfield the Brooklyn of the Berkshires, in an article covering its recent renaissance.
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Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) | Wikipedia audio article
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Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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A timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution, which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:
In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law proclaiming that patents were to be authorized for any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used. On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent for an improved method of Making Pot and Pearl Ashes. The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years. However, the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 (URAA) changed the patent term in the United States to a total of 20 years, effective for patent applications filed on or after June 8, 1995, thus bringing United States patent law further into conformity with international patent law. The modern-day provisions of the law applied to inventions are laid out in Title 35 of the United States Code (Ch. 950, sec. 1, 66 Stat. 792).
From 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below.
Scientific mythology | Wikipedia audio article
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00:16:18 1.6 Sports
00:17:28 1.7 Words, phrases and languages
00:24:07 2 History
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00:45:02 3 Science and technology
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01:33:16 4 Wikipedia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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This is a list of common misconceptions. Each entry is formatted as a correction, and contains a link to the article where the misconception is described. The misconceptions themselves are implied rather than stated.