Bolivia/Salar de Uyuni (Amazing Ceremony) Part 5
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Bolivia
Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat at 10,582 square kilometers (4,086 sq mi). It is located in the Daniel Campos Province in Potosí in southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes and is at an elevation of 3,656 meters (11,995 ft) above mean sea level.The Salar was formed as a result of transformations between several prehistoric lakes. It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average altitude variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar. The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of brine, which is exceptionally rich in lithium. It contains 50 to 70% of the world's lithium reserves, which is in the process of being extracted. The large area, clear skies, and the exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.
The Salar serves as the major transport route across the Bolivian Altiplano and is a major breeding ground for several species of pink flamingos. Salar de Uyuni is also a climatological transitional zone since the towering tropical cumulus congestus and cumulus incus clouds that form in the eastern part of the salt flat during the summer cannot permeate beyond its drier western edges, near the Chilean border and the Atacama Desert.
Salar de Uyuni attracts tourists from around the world. As it is located far from the cities, a number of hotels have been built in the area. Due to lack of conventional construction materials, many of them are almost entirely (walls, roof, furniture) built with salt blocks cut from the Salar. The first such hotel was erected in 1993–1995 in the middle of the salt flat, and soon became a popular tourist destination.However, its location in the center of a desert caused sanitation problems, as most waste had to be collected manually. Mismanagement caused serious environmental pollution and the hotel had to be dismantled in 2002.New salt hotels were built near the periphery of the Salar, closer to roads, in full compliance with environmental rules.
Train cemetery
One major tourist attraction is an antique train cemetery. It is 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) outside Uyuni and is connected to it by the old train tracks. The town served in the past as a distribution hub for the trains carrying minerals en route to Pacific Ocean ports. The rail lines were built by British engineers arriving near the end of the 19th century and formed a sizeable community in Uyuni. The engineers were invited by the British-sponsored Antofagasta and Bolivia Railway Companies, now Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia. The rail construction started in 1888 and ended in 1892. It was encouraged by Bolivian President Aniceto Arce, who believed Bolivia would flourish with a good transport system, but it was also constantly sabotaged by the local Aymara indigenous Indians who saw it as an intrusion into their lives. The trains were mostly used by the mining companies. In the 1940s, the mining industry collapsed, partly because of mineral depletion. Many trains were abandoned, producing the train cemetery. There are proposals to build a museum from the cemetery.
Is this Heaven? #SalarDeUyuni
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Machu Picchu Tours - Peru Luxury Travel Reviews by View Peru - www.goldendestinations.net
Welcome to Golden Destinations, a reputable firm of View Peru and Signatures, a Machu Picchu Tours, Peru Affordable packages and Peru Luxury Travel specialized and experienced Tour Operator based in United States, Peru and Bolivia. With many years of experience in the Peruvian and Bolivian travel market, Nowadays we are highly recommend on Trip Advisor with excellent Reviews and gratitude, unlike other travel agencies and tour operators we own a network of offices thought Peru in Lima, Cusco, Puno, Arequipa, Paracas and Nazca, and in Bolivia with offices in La Paz and Uyuni; we feel proud to offer a top notch service to all our clients since we manage and handle all the necessary services to operate and organize every package offered, Cars, Minibuses, Equipments, qualified office staff and specialized assistants and tour guides. in conclusion, We are the best option for your Machu Picchu Tours.
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Visit Chile Travel Guide | Best things to do in Chile
Join us as we visit Chile in this travel guide highlighting all of the best things to in Chile. We cover the capital Santiago and the cultural hub Valparaiso. Then we shifting gears and flying over to Easter Island for an incredible week of sightseeing and culture before checking out the mind-blowing landscapes around San Pedro de Atacama and finishing in Arica which borders Peru.
Chile Guide | Attractions in Chile
1) 20 Things to do in Santiago de Chile Travel Guide
2) Valparaiso Travel Guide - Exploring Chile's Cultural Capital
3) Visiting Easter Island Travel Guide (Isla de Pascua - Rapa Nui)
4) Visiting San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
5) Travel Adventures in the Atacama Desert: Altiplano Lagoons & Flamingo Reserve
6) Visiting the Valley of the Moon (El Valle de la Luna) for sunset in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
7) El Tatio Geysers of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
8) Our first impressions exploring Arica, Chile
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Our Chile Travel Guide features some of the best things to do in the country with our guide offering more than what is in an Chile itinerary or Chile tourism brochure.
The best of travel in Chile! Let's explore this incredible country together.
Visit Chile Travel Guide | Best things to do in Chile Travel Video Transcript:
Our trip to Chile wouldn't have been complete without a visit to the capital, so towards the end of our stay we decided to visit Santiago. We had 4 days to discover what the city was all about, so we set out to visit the main attractions, sample Chilean food, and explore various neighborhoods on foot. We may not have been able to see it all, but the following is our experience in the city. For anyone planning a similar trip, here's a look at 20 things to do in Santiago de Chile on your visit:
And that's a wrap for the Chilean capital! We hope you enjoyed this Santiago travel guide and that it gave you a few ideas of things to do, places to visit, and Chilean dishes to try in the city.
So, hello from Valparaiso. That means paradise on the valley. We have a few days to explore the city and we're planning to do most of it on foot. Yes, and most of it is going up hills as well. And there is so much cool street art here. So we're going to be taking a few different walking tours while we're in town. Today we're doing the first one which should be an overview of the city. And it should be fun. So we're going to take you on a little guided tour of Valparaiso. Yee-haw!
To say Valparaiso is a bit hilly would be an understatement. The city is a maze of steep inclines which means the best way to get around and save your legs for sightseeing, is by riding up and down the funiculars.
After close to a month travelling around Chile, Sam and I hopped on a plane to visit Easter Island, known locally as Rapa Nui. This was the closest we were ever going to get to this remote speck in the ocean, which also happens to be the southeastern most point of the Polynesian Triangle. We gave ourselves one full week to explore Isla de Pascua, and what follows is a travel guide of our time there. We hiked ancient volcanoes, stood face to face with the moai, watched spectacular sunrises and sunsets, and road tripped around the island while wild horses ran alongside. It was an incredible week and we hope this video will inspire you to plan your own visit to Easter Island.
Good afternoon from the town of San Pedro de Atacama in Chile. We've been here a few days taking a few different day trips to visit volcanoes and lagoons and see flamingos and doing lots of cool stuff. We've seen lots of wildlife, we've seen some amazing landscapes. And now we're going to show you the town. It's actually quite small and there isn't a lot to do but if you're taking tours from here you're going to end up spending a bit of time in San Pedro so yeah let's go take a little tour.
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Bolivia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bolivia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Bolivia ( ( listen); Spanish: [boˈliβja]; Guarani: Mborivia Guaraní pronunciation: [ᵐboˈɾiʋja]; Quechua: Puliwya Quechua pronunciation: [pʊlɪwja]; Aymara: Wuliwya IPA: [wʊlɪwja]), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia.
The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range. With 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi) of area, Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America and the 27th largest in the world.
The country's population, estimated at 11 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The racial and social segregation that arose from Spanish colonialism has continued to the modern era. Spanish is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages.
Before Spanish colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes. Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century. During the Spanish colonial period Bolivia was administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. Spain built its empire in large part upon the silver that was extracted from Bolivia's mines.
After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century Bolivia lost control of several peripheral territories to neighboring countries including the seizure of its coastline by Chile in 1879. Bolivia remained relatively politically stable until 1971, when Hugo Banzer led a coup d'état which replaced the socialist government of Juan José Torres with a military dictatorship headed by Banzer; Torres was murdered in Buenos Aires, Argentina by a right-wing death squad in 1976. Banzer's regime cracked down on leftist and socialist opposition and other forms of dissent, resulting in the torture and deaths of a number of Bolivian citizens. Banzer was ousted in 1978 and later returned as the democratically elected president of Bolivia from 1997 to 2001.
Modern Bolivia is a charter member of the UN, IMF, NAM, OAS, ACTO, Bank of the South, ALBA and USAN. For over a decade Bolivia has had one of the fastest economic growths in Latin America; however, it remains the second poorest country in South America. It is a developing country, with a medium ranking in the Human Development Index, a poverty level of 38.6%, and it has one of the lowest crime rates in Latin America. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very rich in minerals, like:tin, silver and lithium.
Bolivia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:45 1 Etymology
00:06:15 2 History
00:06:24 2.1 Pre-colonial
00:10:57 2.2 Colonial period
00:12:40 2.3 Independence and subsequent wars
00:18:02 2.4 Early 20th century
00:19:40 2.5 Late 20th century
00:23:04 2.6 Democratic transition
00:31:10 3 Geography
00:38:21 3.1 Geology
00:38:58 3.2 Climate
00:41:20 3.3 Issues with Climate Change
00:44:06 3.4 Biodiversity
00:46:36 4 Politics and government
00:51:41 4.1 Capital
00:53:17 4.2 Law and crime
00:53:51 4.3 Foreign relations
00:56:16 4.4 Military
00:57:37 5 Administrative divisions
00:59:04 6 Economy
01:03:55 6.1 Foreign-exchange reserves
01:04:26 7 Transport
01:04:35 7.1 Air traffic
01:06:46 7.2 Railways
01:07:05 7.3 Technology
01:07:36 7.4 Water supply and sanitation
01:10:02 8 Demographics
01:12:36 8.1 Genetics
01:13:10 8.2 Ethnic and racial classifications
01:17:13 8.2.1 Indigenous peoples
01:19:38 8.3 Language
01:21:26 8.4 Religion
01:23:14 8.5 Largest cities and towns
01:24:21 9 Culture
01:26:50 10 Education
01:28:13 11 Health
01:29:34 12 Sports
01:30:04 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8417511748054214
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bolivia ( (listen); Spanish: [boˈliβja]; Guarani: Mborivia Guaraní pronunciation: [ᵐboˈɾiʋja]; Quechua: Puliwya Quechua pronunciation: [pʊlɪwja]; Aymara: Wuliwya IPA: [wʊlɪwja]), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia.
The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range. With 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi) of area, Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America and the 27th largest in the world.
The country's population, estimated at 11 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The racial and social segregation that arose from Spanish colonialism has continued to the modern era. Spanish is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages.
Before Spanish colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes. Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century. During the Spanish colonial period Bolivia was administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. Spain built its empire in large part upon the silver that was extracted from Bolivia's mines.
After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century Bolivia lost control of several peripheral territories to neighboring countries including the seizure of its coastline by Chile in 1879. Bolivia remained relatively politically stable until 1971, when Hugo Banzer led a coup d'état which replaced the socialist government of Juan José Torres with a military dictatorship headed by Banzer; Torres was murdered in Buenos Aires, Argentina by a right-wing death squad in 1976. Banzer's regime crac ...
Bolivia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bolivia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Bolivia ( ( listen); Spanish: [boˈliβja]; Guarani: Mborivia Guaraní pronunciation: [ᵐboˈɾiʋja]; Quechua: Puliwya Quechua pronunciation: [pʊlɪwja]; Aymara: Wuliwya IPA: [wʊlɪwja]), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia.
The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range. With 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi) of area, Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America and the 27th largest in the world.
The country's population, estimated at 11 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The racial and social segregation that arose from Spanish colonialism has continued to the modern era. Spanish is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages.
Before Spanish colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes. Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century. During the Spanish colonial period Bolivia was administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. Spain built its empire in large part upon the silver that was extracted from Bolivia's mines.
After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century Bolivia lost control of several peripheral territories to neighboring countries including the seizure of its coastline by Chile in 1879. Bolivia remained relatively politically stable until 1971, when Hugo Banzer led a coup d'état which replaced the socialist government of Juan José Torres with a military dictatorship headed by Banzer; Torres was murdered in Buenos Aires, Argentina by a right-wing death squad in 1976. Banzer's regime cracked down on leftist and socialist opposition and other forms of dissent, resulting in the torture and deaths of a number of Bolivian citizens. Banzer was ousted in 1978 and later returned as the democratically elected president of Bolivia from 1997 to 2001.
Modern Bolivia is a charter member of the UN, IMF, NAM, OAS, ACTO, Bank of the South, ALBA and USAN. For over a decade Bolivia has had one of the fastest economic growths in Latin America; however, it remains the second poorest country in South America. It is a developing country, with a medium ranking in the Human Development Index, a poverty level of 38.6%, and it has one of the lowest crime rates in Latin America. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very rich in minerals, including tin, silver, and lithium.
Amazon River | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:43 1 Origin of the name
00:02:52 2 History
00:03:01 2.1 Pre-Columbian era
00:05:46 2.2 Arrival of Europeans
00:06:30 2.3 Exploration
00:10:32 2.4 Scientific exploration
00:11:22 2.5 Post-colonial exploitation and settlement
00:15:32 2.6 20th-century development
00:19:07 3 Course
00:19:15 3.1 Origins
00:22:07 3.2 The Upper Amazon or Solimões
00:23:41 3.3 The Lower Amazon
00:25:18 3.4 Mouth
00:26:51 3.5 Bridges
00:27:28 3.6 Dispute regarding length
00:30:21 4 Watershed
00:33:07 4.1 Flooding
00:35:05 5 Geology
00:36:35 6 Protected areas
00:36:44 7 Flora and fauna
00:36:54 7.1 Flora
00:37:02 7.2 Fauna
00:37:41 7.2.1 Mammals
00:39:14 7.2.2 Birds
00:39:22 7.2.3 Reptiles
00:39:50 7.2.4 Fish
00:41:39 7.2.5 Butterflies
00:41:47 7.2.6 Microbiota
00:42:17 8 Major tributaries
00:42:37 8.1 List by length
00:45:08 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9385683032824418
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Amazon River (UK: , US: ; Spanish and Portuguese: Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and by some definitions it is the longest.The headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi had been considered for nearly a century as the Amazon's most distant source, until a 2014 study found it to be the headwaters of the Mantaro River on the Cordillera Rumi Cruz in Peru. The Mantaro and Apurímac join, and with other tributaries form the Ucayali River, which in turn meets the Marañón River upstream of Iquitos, Peru, to form what countries other than Brazil consider to be the main stem of the Amazon. Brazilians call this section the Solimões River above its confluence with the Rio Negro to form what Brazilians call the Amazon at the Meeting of Waters (Portuguese: Encontro das Águas) at Manaus, the largest city on the river.
At an average discharge of about 209,000 cubic metres per second (7,400,000 cu ft/s; 209,000,000 L/s; 55,000,000 USgal/s)—approximately 6,591 cubic kilometres per annum (1,581 cu mi/a), greater than the next seven largest independent rivers combined—the Amazon represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean. The Amazon basin is the largest drainage basin in the world, with an area of approximately 7,050,000 square kilometres (2,720,000 sq mi). The portion of the river's drainage basin in Brazil alone is larger than any other river's basin. The Amazon enters Brazil with only one-fifth of the flow it finally discharges into the Atlantic Ocean, yet already has a greater flow at this point than the discharge of any other river.