Anyang Yuefei Temple

鄂王•岳飛MV (General Yue Fei)

岳飛（1103年3月24日－1142年1月27日），字鹏举，宋相州汤阴人，北宋末、南宋名将。官至少保、枢密副使，封武昌郡开国公。宋高宗以谋反罪名赐死岳飛，宋孝宗為之平反，追谥武穆、後追赠太师、追封鄂王，改谥忠武[2]。明朝加封三界靖魔大帝，配奉於各地武廟[3]。中兴四将诸多说法中唯一一位出现在所有名单中的名将。

岳飛于北宋末年投军，从1128年遇宗泽起到1141年为止的十余年间，率领岳家军與金军進行過数百次大小战斗。1140年，金太祖四子完颜兀术毁盟攻宋，岳飞挥师北伐，先后收复郑州、洛城等地，又于郾城、颍昌大败金军，进军朱仙镇。宋高宗却一意求和，以十二道「金字牌」下令退兵，岳飞在孤立无援之下被迫班师。在紹興和議过程中，岳飞遭受秦桧、张俊等人的诬陷，被捕入狱。1142年1月，岳飞以「莫须有」的「谋反」罪名，迫令自害，通說為自鴆，其长子岳云和部将张宪皆被害。宋孝宗即位后被平反，改葬于西湖畔栖霞岭。

元修《宋史》記載：岳飛治軍以身作則，賞罰分明，紀律嚴整，又能體恤部屬，他率領的「岳家軍」號稱「凍死不拆屋，餓死不擄掠」；敵方女真人讚歎為「撼山易，撼岳家軍難」[4]。岳飛是南宋初唯一成功組織大規模進攻的統帥，他反對宋高宗「僅令自守以待敵，不敢遠攻而求勝[5]」之消極防禦戰略，一貫主張積極進攻。他重視人民抗金力量，締造了「連結河朔」之謀，主張河北抗金武裝和宋官軍互相配合，夾擊金軍，以收復失地。岳飛之文學才華也是將帥中少有，著有詞作《滿江紅·寫懷》。其著作編成《岳忠武王文集》。

Yue Fei (24 March 1103 – 27 January 1142), courtesy name Pengju, was a Song dynasty military general who lived during the Southern Song dynasty. His ancestral home was in Xiaoti, Yonghe Village, Tangyin, Xiangzhou, Henan (in present-day Tangyin County, Anyang, Henan). He is best known for leading Southern Song forces in the wars in the 12th century between Southern Song and the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty in northern China before being put to death by the Southern Song government in 1142. He was granted the posthumous name Wumu (武穆) by Emperor Xiaozong in 1169, and later granted the posthumous title King of È (鄂王) by Emperor Ningzong in 1211. Widely seen as a fierce warrior and national folk hero in ancient China.