Aristotle's Lyceum
Take a tour round Athens newest oldest site - Aristotle's Lyceum. This beautiful archaeological site was opened to the public in June 2014. Admission is free and the site is currently open from 8 am to 8 pm (summer 2014)
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Aristotle's Lyceum
In the 330s BCE, Aristotle founded his Lyceum in Athens, Greece. It was a centre of teaching and research. How do its remains illuminate Aristotle's life?
A lecture by Edith Hall, Visiting Professor of Classics 30 May 2019
In the 330s BCE, the great philosopher and scientist, Aristotle of Stagira in northern Greece, returned to Athens and founded his Lyceum. The first institution in world history to encompass teaching, research and the collection of a vast library, the Lyceum immediately began to revive even Plato’s Academy in international reputation.
This lecture looks at the archaeological site of the Lyceum, discovered accidentally in 1996, and asks how the remains can illuminate Aristotle’s life, work, and incomparable contribution across academic disciplines, from Political Theory and Aesthetics to Zoology, Physics and Astronomy.
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Λύκειο Αριστοτέλη, Αθήνα / Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens, Greece
Στις παρυφές της αρχαίας Αθήνας, έξω από τα τείχη και την πύλη του Διοχάρους τοποθετείται η σχολή του Αριστοτέλους, το Λύκειο (335 π.Χ.), ένα από τα τρία αρχαιότερα γυμνάσια της πόλης, μαζί με αυτό της Ακαδήμειας και του Κυνοσάργους. Όπως μαρτυρείται από αρχαίους συγγραφείς (Πλούταρχος, Στράβων, Παυσανίας), το Λύκειο αποτελούσε μία ιδιαίτερα εκτεταμένη, κατάφυτη, περιοχή ανάμεσα σε δύο ποτάμια, τον Ηριδανό, προς βορρά, και τον Ιλισό, προς νότο, δίπλα στο ιερό του Λυκείου Απόλλωνος και του Ηρακλή Παγκράτους. Σε αυτή την ειδυλλιακή ζώνη, με τα άφθονα νερά, εξασκούνταν οι Aθηναίοι οπλίτες και έφηβοι, εκπληρώνοντας τα στρατιωτικά τους καθήκοντα.
Aristotle's Lyceum
The video that plays when the Aristotle's Lyceum wonder is completed in Call to Power 2
Το Λύκειο του Αριστοτέλη στην Αθήνα (Aristotle's Lykeion / Lyceum, Athens, GR)
Στην οδό Ρηγίλλης, στο κέντρο της Αθήνας, στον χώρο νότια του Σαρόγλειου Μεγάρου και βόρεια του Ωδείου Αθηνών έχουν αποκαλυφθεί τα κατάλοιπα της παλαίστρας ενός από τα πρώτα γυμνάσια της αρχαίας Αθήνας, του γυμνασίου του Λυκείου. Σύμφωνα με τις αρχαίες μαρτυρίες το Λύκειο ήταν ένα ειδυλλιακό, κατάφυτο προάστιο στα ανατολικά της Αθήνας, έξω από την Πύλη του Διοχάρους. Στα νοτιοδυτικά οριζόταν από το Ολυμπιείο και τα άλλα παριλίσια ιερά, στα νότια από τον ποταμό Ιλισό και στα βόρεια από τον Λυκαβηττό και τον Ηριδανό. Η περιοχή φαίνεται ότι είχε πάρει το όνομά της από το Ιερό του Λυκείου Απόλλωνος, που προϋπήρχε του γυμνασίου αλλά δεν έχει ακόμη εντοπιστεί. Ο Λύκειος Απόλλων λατρευόταν στην περιοχή από τους πανάρχαιους χρόνους, ίσως ως ποιμενικός θεός, προστάτης των κοπαδιών από τους λύκους.
Η παλαίστρα του Λυκείου, χώρος προπόνησης των αθλητών στην πάλη, στην πυγμαχία και στο παγκράτιο (συνδυασμός πάλης και πυγμαχίας) έχει αποκαλυφθεί σε έκταση 2,5 στρεμμάτων (50 x 48 μ.). Πρόκειται για ένα μεγάλο κτήριο με διαμήκη άξονα από βορρά προς νότο, το οποίο θεμελιώθηκε στο δεύτερο μισό του 4ου αιώνα π.Χ. και διατηρήθηκε, με επισκευές και προσθήκες, για περίπου επτά αιώνες, ως τις αρχές του 4ου αιώνα μ.Χ., οπότε και εγκαταλείφθηκε οριστικά. Ωστόσο, μετά τα μέσα του 3ου αιώνα μ.Χ. μάλλον δεν λειτουργούσε ως παλαίστρα.
Το κτήριο αποτελείται από μία εσωτερική αυλή (23 x 26μ.) που περιβάλλεται στις τρεις πλευρές της από στοές πλάτους 3,5 έως 4 μ., πίσω από τις οποίες αναπτύσσονται με αξιοπρόσεκτη συμμετρία ευρύχωρα, ορθογώνια δωμάτια. Η κεντρική είσοδος στην παλαίστρα ήταν πιθανόν στη νότια πλευρά της, που δεν έχει ερευνηθεί ακόμα. Τον 1ο αιώνα μ.Χ. κατασκευάστηκε στη βόρεια πλευρά της αυλής δεξαμενή ψυχρού λουτρού για τους αθλητές, με αψιδωτές τις στενές πλευρές της. Στην ίδια περίοδο εντάχθηκαν με απόλυτη συμμετρία στο βορειοανατολικό και βορειοδυτικό τμήμα της παλαίστρας τα λουτρά που πιθανότατα αντικατέστησαν τους προγενέστερους λουτρώνες των κλασικών χρόνων.
Συνυφασμένα με το θεσμό της γυμναστικής ως συστήματος εκπαίδευσης και με την έννοια του «καλο? κ?γαθο?», τα γυμνάσια έπαιξαν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη φυσική και πνευματική αγωγή των νέων. Σταδιακά, εξελίχθηκαν σε σπουδαία πνευματικά κέντρα. Τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ. ιδρύθηκαν στα γυμνάσια οι πρώτες φιλοσοφικές σχολές, κατ? ουσίαν τα πρώτα Πανεπιστήμια: στην περιοχή του Λυκείου ίδρυσε, το 335π.Χ τη σχολή του ο Αριστοτέλης και δίδαξε για περίπου δώδεκα χρόνια, τα πιο δημιουργικά της ζωής του.
Οn Rigillis street, in the centre of Athens, just a few minutes? walk from the Greek Parliament, in the plot south of the Sarogleion Mansion and north of the Athens Conservatory, rescue excavations have revealed building remains of a palaestra, part of the famous Gymnasium of the Lykeion. According to ancient testimonies, Lykeion was an idyllic grove, lying east of the city, outside the Gate of Diochares. The area of Lykeion was delimited to the southwest by the sanctuary of Zeus Olympios or Olympieion and the other sanctuaries on the banks of the River Ilissos, to the south by the Ilissos and to the north by Lycabettus hill and the River Eridanos. The sanctuary of Apollo Lykeios, which pre-existed the gymnasium but has not yet been found, seems to have given its name to the area. Apollo Lykeios must have been worshipped here since time immemorial perhaps as a pastoral god, protector of herds and flocks from the wolves (Gr. lykos = wolf).
The palaestra of the Lykeion, where athletes trained in wrestling, boxing and pankration (a combination of wrestling and boxing) has been revealed over an area of 0.25 hectares (50 x 48 m.). A large building with longitudinal axis from north to south, its foundations were laid in the second half of the 4th century BC. The complex was preserved, with repairs, for some seven hundred years, until the early 4th century AD, when it was finally abandoned. However, after the mid 3rd century AD it probably did not function as a palaestra.
The building comprises an inner court (23 x 26 m.) surrounded on its three sides by porticoes 3.5 to 4m. wide, behind which were arranged, with remarkable symmetry, spacious rooms of rectangular plan. The main entrance to the palaestra was possibly in its south side, which has yet to be investigated. In the 1st century AD, at the northern part of the court, a cistern with apsidal narrow sides, in which athletes took a cold bath, was added. In the same period, the baths, which most probably replaced the earlier bath complexes of Classical times, were incorporated with absolute symmetry in the northeast and the northwest part of the palaestra.
Πηγή κειμένου: επίσημη ιστοσελίδα ΥΠ.ΠΟ.
Δείτε φωτογραφίες από το μνημείο εδώ:
GREECE: ARCHAEOLOGISTS DISCOVER ARISTOTLE'S SCHOOL THE LYCEUM
English/Nat
It's being called one of the most amazing archaeological discoveries of modern times.
Excavators in Greece have stumbled upon the Lyceum -- the school where Aristotle taught his pupils a greater understanding of science and philosophy.
Greeks have been searching for the area since their independence from the Turks 170 years ago.
Greek archaeologists are going back to school.
Way back.
Crews were routinely excavating this spot in Athens -- to prepare for the construction of a new Museum of Modern Art -- when they unexpectedly tripped upon what has been a Holy Grail to Greek archaeologists: the Lyceum.
It was here, some 2,500 years ago, that Aristotle exhalted the virtues of a sound mind and body to his pupils.
In essence, it's the birthplace of Western modern science and philosophy.
The discovery of the West's first university has ended Greece's search to locate the three gymnasia of the Lyceum.
For 170 years, since their independence from Turkish rule, Greeks have scoured the landscape to find the place Aristotle compared notes with Socrates and young men pitted against each other in physical and intellectual battles.
In addition to causing national euphoria, the find enables archaeologists and historians to understand the entire layout of ancient Athens.
SOUNDBITE: (English)
We are very very happy. This is a very very important discovery. We have now, here, in Athens, the main proof about the historical continuity of the Hellenic cultural heritage. We have now the public duty to do it, to finance all the research about this matter...and about all the archaeological research.
SUPERCAPTION: Venizelos Evangelos, Greek Cultural Minister
Yannis Tzedakis, Director of Antiquities and Archaeological Sites, says the area that has been uncovered, the palaestra, is the part of the Lyceum where young men would exercise their bodies.
SOUNDBITE: (English)
Sanctuaries, other buildings, for the body. Because it's a combination of the body and the mind, and what we found is the body. It was the palaestra, for the body. (It was for) wrestling, but not exactly like the wrestling we do today.
SUPERCAPTION: Yannis Tzedakis, Director of Antiquities and Archeological Sites
The discovery has caused excitement around the world.
This is the Institute of Archaeology at the University of London - famed for its priceless collection of Greek statues.
They don't have room to display them all - so dozens of statues, many dating back to the time of Aristotle himself, lie stacked in a basement.
Dr Jeremy Tanner says the Lyceum find is a major step towards understanding the glory that was ancient Greece:
SOUNDBITE:
First of all, Aristotle stands at the foundation of modern European science and a great deal of European philosophical thought, and so it's extremely exciting just to know where Aristotle would have been walking, when he was teaching, what kind of rooms he would have been teaching in.
SUPERCAPTION: Dr. Jeremy Tanner, London Institute of Archaeology
Archaeologists are breathless at the prospect of uncovering the site, but the project will have some pretty big hurdles to clear.
The area sits on a dilapidated industrial area nestled between two crowded suburban neighbourhoods.
The challenge will be to unearth the Lyceum without causing too much disruption to Greece's capital.
For now anyway, modern Greeks have made no gripe about making room for their glorious past.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
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Come to Aristotle's Lyceum
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Aristotle's Lyceum archaeological site
September 2017
TRIP TO ATHENS - GREECE
Athens (/ˈæθɨnz/;[1] Modern Greek: Αθήνα, Athína, IPA: [aˈθina], Katharevousa: Ἀθῆναι, Athine, Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athēnai), is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica periphery and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum,[2][3] it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy,[4][5] largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then known European continent.[6] Today a cosmopolitan metropolis, modern Athens is central to economic, financial, industrial, political and cultural life in Greece and it is rated as an Alpha world city.[7] In 2008, Athens was ranked the world's 32nd richest city by purchasing power[8] and the 25th most expensive[9] in a UBS study.
The Greek capital has a population of 655,780[10] (796,442 back in 2004)[11] within its administrative limits[12] and a land area of 39 km2 (15 sq mi).[13] The urban area of Athens (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond the administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,074,160 (in 2011),[14] over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi).[13] According to Eurostat, the Athens Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) is the 7th most populous LUZ in the European Union (the 4th most populous capital city of the EU) with a population of 4,013,368 (in 2004).
The heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city, represented by a number of ancient monuments and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, widely considered a key landmark of early Western civilization. The city also retains a vast variety of Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a smaller number of remaining Ottoman monuments projecting the city's long history across the centuries. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery. Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1833, include the Hellenic Parliament (19th century) and the Athens Trilogy consisting of the National Library of Greece, the Athens University and the Academy of Athens. Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it welcomed home the 2004 Summer Olympics.[15] Athens is home to the National Archeological Museum, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, as well as the new Acropolis Museum.
The city of Athens contains a variety of different architectural styles, ranging from Greco-Roman, Neo-Classical, to modern. They are often to be found in the same areas, as Athens is not marked by a uniformity of architectural style. Many of the most prominent buildings of the city are either Greco-Roman or neo-classical in styling. Some of the neo-classical structures to be found are public buildings erected during the mid-19th century, under the guidance of Theophil Freiherr von Hansen and Ernst Ziller, and include the Athens Academy, Athens City Hall, Greek Parliament, Old Parliament (1875--1932) (Now the National Historical Museum),[50] University of Athens, and Zappeion Hall.
Beginning in the 1930s, the International style and other architectural movements such as Bauhaus and Art Deco began to exert an influence on almost all Greek architects, and many buildings both public and private were constructed in accordance with these styles. Localities with a great number of such buildings include Kolonaki, and some areas of the centre of the city; neighbourhoods developed in this period include Kypseli.
In the 1950s and 1960s during the vast extension and development of Athens, modern architecture played a very important role. The centre of Athens was largely rebuilt, leading to the demolition of a number of neoclassical buildings. The architects of this era employed materials such as glass, marble and aluminium, while some blended modern and classical elements. After World War II, internationally known architects to have designed and built in the city included Walter Gropius, with his design for the US Embassy, and, amongst others, Eero Saarinen, in his postwar design for the east terminal of the Ellinikon Airport.
Notable Greek architects of the 1930s--1960s included Konstantinos Doxiadis, Dimitris Pikionis, Pericles A. Sakellarios, Aris Konstantinidis and others.
Photos and video were taken with a Nikon COOLPIX P100, not the newer Nikon COOLPIX P500. But performance and features should be almost identical.
Aristotle's Lyceum vs Plato's Academy
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Athens - Greece
Athens, the capital and largest city in Greece, dominates the Attica periphery: as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans at least 3,000 years.
Ancient Athens was a powerful city-state. A center for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Akademia and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Pericles, Sophocles, and its many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then known European continent.
Aristotle and Logic | (Short Biography & Explain) | (English)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, together with Socrates and Plato, laid much of the groundwork for western philosophy.
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he turned 17, he enrolled in Plato’s Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left Athens and fled to Chalcis.
In 335 B.C., after Alexander had succeeded his father as king and conquered Athens, Aristotle went back to the city. In Athens, Plato’s Academy, now run by Xenocrates, was still the leading influence on Greek thought. With Alexander’s permission, Aristotle started his own school in Athens, called the Lyceum. On and off, Aristotle spent most of the remainder of his life working as a teacher, researcher and writer at the Lyceum in Athens until the death of his former student Alexander the Great.
Because Aristotle was known to walk around the school grounds while teaching, his students, forced to follow him, were nicknamed the “Peripatetics,” meaning “people who travel about.” Lyceum members researched subjects ranging from science and math to philosophy and politics, and nearly everything in between. Art was also a popular area of interest. Members of the Lyceum wrote up their findings in manuscripts. In so doing, they built the school’s massive collection of written materials, which by ancient accounts was credited as one of the first great libraries.
It was at the Lyceum that Aristotle probably composed most of his approximately 200 works, of which only 31 survive. In style, his known works are dense and almost jumbled, suggesting that they were lecture notes for internal use at his school. The surviving works of Aristotle are grouped into four categories. The “Organon” is a set of writings that provide a logical toolkit for use in any philosophical or scientific investigation. Next come Aristotle’s theoretical works, most famously his treatises on animals, cosmology, the “Physics” (a basic inquiry about the nature of matter and change) and the “Metaphysics” (a quasi-theological investigation of existence itself).
Aristotle’s universal influence waned somewhat during the Renaissance and Reformation, as religious and scientific reformers questioned the way the Catholic Church had subsumed his precepts. Scientists like Galileo and Copernicus disproved his geocentric model of the solar system, while anatomists such as William Harvey dismantled many of his biological theories. However, even today Aristotle’s work remains a significant starting point for any argument in the fields of logic, aesthetics, political theory and ethics.
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Aristotle's School Edit.wmv
Dr Mendoza, MD Psych; Dr Fermin, MD Psych; Dr Perez, DVM
Let this place get into your soul. This is the school where Alexander The Great was teached by Aristotle. It's a knowledge place that must be feeled and understanded in it's whole greatness.
(Eng) ???????? 그리스 아테네 올림피아 제우스 신전/Greece Athens, Temple of Olympian Zeus
[그리스 여행/파나이타이코 경기장/리케이온/케라메이코스
Panathenaic Stadium/Aristotle's Lyceum/Kerameikos]
Alun-alun Thesaloniki Yunani di daerah Aristoteles/Aristotle-Greece/Αριστοτελους
Aristotle
Roman copy in marble of a Greek bronze bust of Aristotle by Lysippos, c. 330 BC, with modern alabaster mantle
Born 384 BC
Stagira, Chalcidian League
Died 322 BC (aged approx. 62)
Euboea, Macedonian Empire
Era Ancient philosophy
Region Western philosophy
School
Peripatetic schoolAristotelianism
Notable students Alexander the Great
Main interests
Biology,Zoology,Psychology,Physics,Metaphysics,Logic,Ethics,Rhetoric,Music,Poetry,Economics,Politics,Government
Aristotelian philosophySyllogismTheory of the soulVirtue ethics
Aristotle (/ˈærɪstɒtəl/; Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. Along with his teacher Plato, he has been called the Father of Western Philosophy. His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics and government.
Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC).Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.
He influenced Islamic thought during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as The First Teacher and among medieval Christians like Thomas Aquinas as simply The Philosopher. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics, such as in the thinking of Alasdair MacIntyre and Philippa Foot.
In general, the details of Aristotle's life are not well-established. The biographies written in ancient times are often speculative and historians only agree on a few salient points.
Aristotle, whose name means the best purpose in Ancient Greek,was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Chalcidice, about 55 km (34 miles) east of modern-day Thessaloniki.His father Nicomachus was the personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. Both of Aristotle's parents died when he was about thirteen, and Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian.Although little information about Aristotle's childhood has survived, he probably spent some time within the Macedonian palace, making his first connections with the Macedonian monarchy.
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Athens Greece Ancient Civilization
Jim james Frissina Travel to Athens Greece. Watch in high quality mode to see if you can see the ufo sighting . Ancient Athens was the center of the Arts, Learning and Philosophy. It was the home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum. Birthplace of Socrates, Pericles, and many other prominent Philosophers. It is referred to as the Cradle of Western Civilization and Birthplace of Democracy. Parthenon Acropolis Agoris Olympic Games Parthenon ghost bigfoot alien loch ness sighting
Aristotle on Peisistratus (Athens)
A discussion of the reign of Peisistratus in ancient Athens, as reported by Aristotle
Yaron Brook at Aristotle's Lyceum
Yaron Brook at Aristotle's Lyceum
Lyceum (Classical)
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The Lyceum was a temple dedicated to Apollo Lyceus .It was best known for its connection with Aristotle, who was teaching while walking around the temple, rendering it a Peripatetic school there in 334 / 335 BCE and continued long after his flight from Athens in 323 BCE until the Roman general Sulla attacked Athens in 86 BCE.The remains of the Lyceum were discovered in modern Athens in 1996 in a park behind the Hellenic Parliament.
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About the author(s): Raphael (1483–1520) Alternative names Raffaello Santi, Raffaello de Urbino, Rafael Sanzio de Urbino, Raffael Description Italian painter and architect Date of birth/death 6 April 1483 6 April 1520 Location of birth/death Urbino Rome Work location Florence, Rome, Perugia Authority control VIAF: 64055977 ISNI: 0000 0001 2136 483X ULAN: 500023578 LCCN: n79041756 NLA: 35442294 WorldCat
License: Public domain
Author(s): Raphael
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