Bogdinsko-Baskunchakskiy Reserve

Баскунчак - соль России Baskunchak - salt Russia

Баскунча́к — солёное озеро в Астраханской области, примерно в 270 км к северу от Каспийского моря, и в 53 км к востоку от Волги.
Уровень воды в озере находится на 21 м ниже уровня океана. Солёность озера — около 300 г/л. Мощность поверхностной залежи соли на озере достигает 10-18 м. В результате добычи соли образовались выломы глубиной до 8 метров. Глубина залегания соли достигает 6 км. Весной и осенью уровень рапы в озере максимальный — до 1 метра. В рапе обитают только бактерии, которые выносят соль. Рапа в озере на 37 % насыщена солью.
Баскунчак представляет собой своеобразное углубление на вершине соляной горы, уходящей основанием на тысячи метров в глубь земли и прикрытой толщей осадочных пород.
С VIII века на озере добывали соль и отправляли ее по шелковому пути.
Сегодня чрезвычайно чистая соль озера (99.8 % NaCl) составляет до 80 % от общей добычи соли в России. В зависимости от потребности, здесь добывают от 1,5 до 5 миллионов тонн соли в год.
Озеро Баскунчак входит в состав уникального природного комплекса, включающего гору Большое Богдо. В 1997 Богдинско-Баскунчакский природный комплекс был объявлен заповедником (Богдинско-Баскунчакский заповедник), где на площади 53,7 тыс.га установлен специальный природоохранный режим.
Baskunchak - salt lake in the Astrakhan region, about 270 km to the North from the Caspian sea, and 53 km to the East from the Volga.
The water level in the lake is 21 m below the ocean level. The salinity of the lake is about 300 g/l. The power of the surface salt deposits on the lake reaches 10-18 m. As a result of the mining of salt were formed выломы up to a depth of 8 meters. The depth of the salt reaches 6 km. In the spring and in the autumn the level of brine of the lake maximum - up to 1 meter. In brine inhabit only the bacteria, which make salt. The brine of the lake by 37 % saturated with salt.
Baskunchak is a kind of recess on the top of the salt mountain, the outgoing based on thousands of meters into the ground and covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rocks.
In the VIII century the lake was mined salt and sent it to the silk road.
Today is an extremely pure salt lake (99.8 % NaCl) is up to 80 % from the General extraction of salt in Russia. Depending on the needs, here is extracted from 1.5 million to 5 million tons of salt a year.
Lake Baskunchak is part of the unique natural complex, including the mountain Big Bogdo. In 1997 bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky natural complex was declared a nature reserve (bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky nature reserve), where on the area of 53,7 thousand hectares of a special protection regime.

Bogdinsko-Baskunchakski Nature Reserve | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:00:57 1 Topography
00:01:45 2 Climate and Ecoregion
00:02:50 3 Flora and fauna
00:03:16 4 Ecotourism
00:04:07 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Bogdinsko-Baskunchakski Nature Reserve (Russian: Богдинско-Баскунчакский) (also Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) in a semi-arid area around two notable features: Lake Baskunchak, Russia's largest undrained salt lake, and Big Bogdo Mountain, the highest point (at 147 meters) in the Caspian Depression and home to the singing rocks. It is about halfway between Volgograd and Astrakhan, placing it about 200 km north of the Volga River Delta, where the river enters the Caspian Sea from the northwest. About 20 km east of the lake is the border with Kazakhstan. Baskunchak has been a source of salt to Russia for centuries. The reserve is an important site on the bird migration route between northern Siberia and wintering regions. The reserve is situated in the Akhtubinsky District of Astrakhan Oblast.