Cane River Creole National Historical Park | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cane River Creole National Historical Park
00:02:14 1 Magnolia
00:06:08 2 Oakland
00:10:29 3 Visiting Oakland and Magnolia
00:11:16 4 Address
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Established in 1994, the Cane River Creole National Historical Park serves to preserve the resources and cultural landscapes of the Cane River region in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. Located along the Cane River Lake, the park is approximately 63 acres and includes two French Creole cotton plantations, Oakland and Magnolia. Both plantations are complete in their historic settings, including landscapes, outbuildings, structures, furnishings, and artifacts; and they are the most intact French Creole cotton plantations in the United States. In total, 65 historic structures and over a million artifacts enhance the National Park Service mission as it strives to tell the story of the evolution of plantation agriculture through the perspective of the land owners, enslaved workers, overseers, skilled workers, and tenant farmers who resided along the Cane River for over two hundred years. This park is included as a site on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.
A defining characteristic of the park is the conservation and interpretation of Creole culture. In colonial Louisiana the term Creole was used to indicate New World products derived from Old World stock, and could apply to people, architecture, or livestock. Regarding people, Creole historically referred to those born in Louisiana during the French and Spanish periods, regardless of their ethnicity. Today, as in the past, Creole transcends racial boundaries. It connects people to their colonial roots, be they descendants of European settlers, enslaved Africans, or the many of mixed heritage, which may include African, French, Spanish, and American Indian influences. The Prud'hommes of Oakland and the LeComtes of Magnolia were considered French Creole. As with others in the area, the homes and plantations of these families reflected the French Creole architectural style and way of life.
The historic landscapes and dozens of structures preserved at Oakland and Magnolia plantations are the setting for the stories of workers (enslaved and free) and late post-Civil War tenant farmers who worked the same land for over two centuries, adapting to historical, economic, social, and agricultural change. Today their descendants carry on many of their traditions.
Cane River National Heritage Area | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:16 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Cane River National Heritage Area is a United States National Heritage Area in the state of Louisiana. The heritage area is known for plantations featuring Creole architecture, as well as numerous other sites that preserve the multi-cultural history of the area. The heritage area includes the town of Natchitoches, Louisiana and its national historic district. Founded in 1714, it is the oldest community in the territory covered by the Louisiana Purchase. Cane River Creole National Historical Park, including areas of Magnolia and Oakland plantations, also is within the heritage area.
The park and the St. Augustine Catholic Church in Natchez have been included as featured destinations on the state's Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.
The roughly 116,000 acres (470 km2) Cane River National Heritage Area begins just south of Natchitoches and extends south and west for about 35 miles (56 kilometers along Cane River Lake and Interstate 49 to Monette's Ferry. Other sites in the heritage area include the Kate Chopin House and the state historic sites of Los Adaes State Historic Site, Fort Jesup, and Fort St. Jean Baptiste State Historic Site.
Melrose Plantation
A brief history and look around Melrose Plantation in Melrose, Louisiana and some of Clementine Hunter's artwork. For more information visit MelrosePlantation.org
Sharecropper Life on a Plantation
Elvin Shields shares what it was like to be raised on a plantation home as the child of sharecroppers in Louisiana. This was filmed at his family home at Cane River Creole National Historic Park in Natchitoches, Louisiana. Elvin talks about making plantation toys.
Louisiana Creole people | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana Creole people
00:04:27 1 History
00:04:36 1.1 1st French period
00:07:05 1.1.1 Casket girls
00:09:21 1.2 Spanish period
00:10:50 1.3 2nd French period and Louisiana Purchase
00:15:33 2 Ethnic blend and race
00:24:22 3 Culture
00:24:31 3.1 Cuisine
00:28:38 3.2 Music
00:31:21 3.3 Language
00:35:32 3.4 New Orleans Mardi Gras
00:37:50 4 Creole places
00:37:59 4.1 Cane River Creoles
00:40:27 4.2 Pointe Coupee Creoles
00:42:40 4.3 Avoyelles Creoles
00:43:46 4.4 Evangeline Parish Creoles
00:48:07 4.5 St. Landry Creoles
00:49:40 5 Notable people
00:49:49 6 See also
00:50:27 7 Notes
00:50:35 8 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Louisiana Creole people (French: Créoles de Louisiane, Spanish: Criollos de Luisiana), are persons descended from the inhabitants of colonial Louisiana during the period of both French and Spanish rule. The term creole was originally used by French settlers to distinguish persons born in Louisiana from those born in the mother country or elsewhere. As in many other colonial societies around the world, creole was a term used to mean those who were native-born, especially native-born Europeans such as the French and Spanish. It also came to be applied to African-descended slaves and Native Americans who were born in Louisiana. Louisiana Creoles share cultural ties such as the traditional use of the French and Louisiana Creole languages and predominant practice of Catholicism.Starting with the native-born children of the French, then later the Spanish in Louisiana, 'Creole' came to be used to describe these Louisiana-born people of full European descent. Creole has its roots in Latin America meaning native-born. Creole was used casually as an identity in the 1700's in Louisiana. Starting in the very early 1800's in Louisiana, Creole began to take on a more political meaning and solid identity, especially for those of Latinate culture versus the newly arriving Americans from the Upper South and the North. In the early 19th century, amid the Haitian Revolution, thousands of refugees (both whites and free people of color from Saint-Domingue (affranchis or gens de couleur libres) arrived in New Orleans, often bringing their African slaves with them and essentially doubling the city's population. As more refugees were allowed in Louisiana, Haitian émigrés who had first gone to Cuba also arrived. These groups had strong influences on the city and its culture. Half of the white émigrė population of Haiti settled in Louisiana, especially in the greater New Orleans area. Later immigrants to New Orleans, such as Irish, Germans, and Italians, also married into the Creole groups. However, there was a sizable German creole group of full German descent, centering on the parishes of St. Charles and St. John the Baptist. Over time this group absorbed many French Creoles, who are Louisiana-born whites of colonial heritage. French Creoles made up the majority of white Creoles in Louisiana. Louisiana Creoles are mostly Catholic in religion. Throughout the 19th century, most Creoles spoke French and were strongly connected to French colonial culture. The sizeable Spanish Creole communities of Saint Bernard Parish and Galveztown spoke Spanish. The Malagueños of New Iberia spoke Spanish as well. The Isleños and Malagueños were Louisiana-born whites of creole heritage. (Since the mid-twentieth century, the number of Spanish-speaking Creoles has declined in favor of English speakers, and few people under 80 years old speak Spanish.) They have maintained cultural traditions from the Canary Islands, where their ancestors came from, to the present. However, just like the Spanish Creoles, native languages of all creole groups such as the French Creoles, German Creoles and Creoles of color, have declined over the years in favor of English. The different varieties of Louisiana's Creoles shaped the state's culture, particularly in the southern areas around New Orleans and the plantation dis ...
Final NTP Trip Preperations
I'm leaving on my first National Parks Tour trip in a couple of hours.
You can follow me via my SPOT tracker:
I'll try to post brief updates on my blog:
I hope to visit the following parks on this trip:
Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas
Cane River Creole National Historic Site, LA
Natchez National Historical Park, MS
Vicksburg National Battlefield, MS
Poverty Poiont State Historic Site, LA
Arkansas Post National Memorial, AR
JS #370 - Melrose Plantation (Melrose, LA) 梅爾羅斯 莊園
4-2-17 (中英字幕)
Melrose Plantation 梅爾羅斯 莊園
National Parks New Orleans Jazz & Acadian Culture Preview
Louisiana is a treasure trove of musical & cultural influences. New Orleans Jazz: National Historical Park located in the heart of the French Quarter, where you can experience cultural history of the people and places that helped shape the development of jazz in New Orleans. Acadian Culture: Learn about the Rendez-vous des Cajuns, live Cajun and zydeco music known locally as the Cajun Grand Ole Opry at the Liberty Theater. Ride along on a rural Mardi Gras run in Eunice. Jean Lafitte:Experience several of Louisiana's sites in this National Historical Park & Preserve, including Prairie Acadian Culture Center in Eunice and The French Quarter in New Orleans. Creole Nature Trail: All American Road through coastal wetlands and wildlife refuges with everything from Alligators to Roseate Spoonbills. Natchitoches: Louisiana's oldest town, established 1714 home to the Cane River National Heritage Area and National Historical Landmarks
Jul 10 The Oldest Congregation in Three States
Ginga McLaughlin presents a Natchez History Minute about Washington Methodist Church, the oldest Methodist congregation in three states. Organized in 1799 with eight members, the congregation erected the present church in 1828, making it the second oldest Methodist church building in the Mississippi.
Southern Plantations
Some short video of the beautiful Melrose and Oakland plantations located close to near by Natchitoches Louisiana...
Louisiana | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana
00:02:23 1 Etymology
00:03:16 2 Geology
00:04:59 3 Geography
00:09:22 3.1 Climate
00:12:56 3.2 Hurricanes since 1950
00:17:34 4 Publicly-owned land
00:19:16 4.1 National Park Service
00:20:06 4.2 US Forest Service
00:20:29 4.3 State parks and recreational areas
00:20:48 4.4 Wildlife management areas
00:21:14 4.5 Natural and Scenic Rivers
00:21:37 5 Transportation
00:22:38 5.1 Interstate highways
00:22:47 5.2 United States highways
00:28:03 6 History
00:33:37 6.1 Pre-colonial history
00:40:16 6.2 Exploration and colonization by Europeans
00:41:34 6.3 Expansion of slavery
00:48:14 6.4 Haitian migration and influence
00:48:58 6.5 Purchase by the United States (1803)
00:50:16 6.6 Statehood (1812)
00:54:37 6.7 Secession and the Civil War (1860–1865)
00:58:09 6.8 Post-Civil War to mid-20th century (1865–1945)
00:59:16 6.9 Post-World War II (1945–)
01:00:11 6.10 2000 to present
01:01:18 7 Demographics
01:04:26 7.1 Race and ethnicity
01:04:34 7.2 Religion
01:07:35 7.3 Major cities
01:08:35 8 Economy
01:10:46 8.1 Federal subsidies and spending
01:11:56 8.2 Energy
01:12:48 9 Law and government
01:14:28 9.1 Administrative divisions
01:15:25 9.2 Civil law
01:18:55 9.3 Marriage
01:22:01 9.4 Elections
01:22:42 9.5 Law enforcement
01:23:33 9.6 Judiciary
01:23:42 10 National Guard
01:24:41 11 Media
01:26:15 12 Education
01:26:37 13 Sports
01:27:45 14 Culture
01:29:36 14.1 African culture
01:30:52 14.2 Louisiana Creole culture
01:31:51 14.3 Acadian culture
01:36:09 14.4 Isleño culture
01:36:17 14.5 Languages
01:36:25 14.6 Literature
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Louisiana is a state in the Deep South region of the southeastern United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and the state of Texas to the west. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.
Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by a mixture of 18th-century French, Haitian, Spanish, Native American, and African cultures that they are considered to be exceptional in the US. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, present-day Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a brief period a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. In the post-Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, lingu ...
JS #368 - Fort St. Jean Baptiste State Historic Site (Natchitoches, LA)
4-2-17 (中英字幕)
Louisiana | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana
00:02:24 1 Etymology
00:03:17 2 Geology
00:05:01 3 Geography
00:09:24 3.1 Climate
00:12:59 3.2 Hurricanes since 1950
00:17:38 4 Publicly-owned land
00:19:20 4.1 National Park Service
00:20:11 4.2 US Forest Service
00:20:33 4.3 State parks and recreational areas
00:20:52 4.4 Wildlife management areas
00:21:18 4.5 Natural and Scenic Rivers
00:21:41 5 Transportation
00:22:43 5.1 Interstate highways
00:22:51 5.2 United States highways
00:28:09 6 History
00:33:44 6.1 Pre-colonial history
00:40:25 6.2 Exploration and colonization by Europeans
00:41:43 6.3 Expansion of slavery
00:48:24 6.4 Haitian migration and influence
00:49:08 6.5 Purchase by the United States (1803)
00:50:27 6.6 Statehood (1812)
00:54:49 6.7 Secession and the Civil War (1860–1865)
00:58:23 6.8 Post-Civil War to mid-20th century (1865–1945)
00:59:30 6.9 Post-World War II (1945–)
01:00:24 6.10 2000 to present
01:01:33 7 Demographics
01:04:41 7.1 Race and ethnicity
01:04:50 7.2 Religion
01:07:52 7.3 Major cities
01:08:52 8 Economy
01:11:02 8.1 Federal subsidies and spending
01:12:13 8.2 Energy
01:13:04 9 Law and government
01:14:46 9.1 Administrative divisions
01:15:43 9.2 Civil law
01:19:13 9.3 Marriage
01:22:20 9.4 Elections
01:23:02 9.5 Law enforcement
01:23:53 9.6 Judiciary
01:24:02 10 National Guard
01:25:01 11 Media
01:26:35 12 Education
01:26:57 13 Sports
01:28:05 14 Culture
01:29:57 14.1 African culture
01:31:13 14.2 Louisiana Creole culture
01:32:13 14.3 Acadian culture
01:36:31 14.4 Isleño culture
01:36:40 14.5 Languages
01:36:48 14.6 Literature
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Louisiana is a state in the Deep South region of the southeastern United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and the state of Texas to the west. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.
Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by a mixture of 18th-century French, Haitian, Spanish, Native American, and African cultures that they are considered to be exceptional in the US. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, present-day Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a brief period a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. In the post-Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, lingu ...
historic french camp mississippi natchez trace
checking out the old buildings and antique farm equipment at french camp, mississippi just off the natchez trace between tupelo and jackson.
Plantation San Francisco St. John's Parish Louisiana
Music background by The Assembly Kora Band's New Orleans World Fusion. The plantation is in St. John's Parish, Louisiana, and is on the banks of the Mississippi River. The style is Steamboat Gothic, and makes a very unusual look for antebellum plantation mansions. Imagery shot with a Nikon D800 camera, using a Sigma 10mm-20mm zoom lens. The extreme fisheye lens makes an unusual effect, especially when panning. The sill images were shot using a picture control setting of Vivid. The ADL setting was set to eliminate any harsh shadows and create a pleasing low shadow effect.
Louisiana | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Louisiana is a state in the Deep South region of the southeastern United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and the state of Texas to the west. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.
Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by a mixture of 18th-century French, Haitian, Spanish, Native American, and African cultures that they are considered to be exceptional in the US. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, present-day Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a brief period a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. In the post-Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, linguistic, and cultural origins.
Louisiana (New France) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana (New France)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Louisiana (French: La Louisiane; La Louisiane française) or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France. Under French control 1682 to 1762 and 1802 (nominally) to 1803, the area was named in honor of King Louis XIV, by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle. It originally covered an expansive territory that included most of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River and stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains.
Louisiana included two regions, now known as Upper Louisiana (French: la Haute-Louisiane), which began north of the Arkansas River, and Lower Louisiana (French: la Basse-Louisiane). The U.S. state of Louisiana is named for the historical region, although it is only a small part of the vast lands claimed by France.French exploration of the area began during the reign of Louis XIV, but French Louisiana was not greatly developed, due to a lack of human and financial resources. As a result of its defeat in the Seven Years' War, France was forced to cede the east part of the territory in 1763 to the victorious British, and the west part to Spain as compensation for Spain losing Florida. France regained sovereignty of the western territory in the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800. But strained by obligations in Europe, Napoleon Bonaparte sold the territory to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, ending France's presence in Louisiana.
The United States ceded part of the Louisiana Purchase to the United Kingdom in the Treaty of 1818. This section lies above the 49th parallel north in a part of present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Louisiana | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Louisiana is a state in the Deep South region of the southeastern United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and the state of Texas to the west. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.
Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by a mixture of 18th-century French, Haitian, Spanish, Native American, and African cultures that they are considered to be exceptional in the US. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, present-day Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a brief period a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. In the post-Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, linguistic, and cultural origins.
Re-evaluation of 1984 Preservation Decisions for the African House Murals by Clementine Hunter
In 1984 as an Associate Conservator at Perry Huston and Associates in Fort Worth, Texas, Michael Swicklik consulted on the best method of preserving Clementine Hunter's murals installed in Africa House on the Melrose
Plantation in Natchitoches, Louisiana. By 1984, the Hunter murals, which were executed in 1955 and depicted scenes of Cane River plantation life, were exhibiting some condition problems. After discussions with those interested in the mural's preservation, including a consulting architectural firm, a proposal for the treatment of the murals and a plan for their long- term preservation were devised and carried out. This talk discusses those efforts in light of a recent visit to the murals to evaluate how they have faired over the past 28 years.
The Kent Plantation Pt.1 of 16