A close-up view of Shags and Rockhopper Penguins with their chicks on a windy clifftop
The Imperial Cormorant or Shag (Leucocarbo atriceps albiventer) on the Falkland Islands is part of a complex of related cormorants found on southern South America, the Antarctic Peninsula and on several subantarctic islands. On the Falklands these birds nest in large mixed rookeries close to the ocean, particularly with Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome). Shag nests are a cone of seaweed and other plant material cemented with mud and excreta, and between one and three chicks are raised. The adult Shags commute to sea each day, often fishing together in large flocks. The mixed rookeries are very busy and noisy, with adult birds coming and going, feeding chicks and squabbling with each other over pieces of nesting material. This breeding colony is on the clifftop at Cape Bougainville on East Falkland. There is much activity as the adult Shags incubate eggs, rear and shelter their chicks from the incessant summer wind, and fly to and fro from the sea. The colony is noisy and very smelly from the droppings from so many birds crowding together. The Shag and Rockhopper Penguin nests are just out of pecking range from each other. Both species of birds were tending their large chicks – sheltering them from the strong wind, preening them and resisting them begging for food. Baby Rockhopper Penguins huddled between the Shag nests, waiting for their parents to return from the sea with food.
FALK18 7 Shags and Rockhopper Penguins tending their chicks
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Shags fight over a piece of seaweed for their nests
The Imperial Cormorant or Shag (Leucocarbo atriceps albiventer) on the Falkland Islands is part of a complex of related cormorants found on southern South America, the Antarctic Peninsula and on several subantarctic islands. On the Falklands these birds nest in large mixed rookeries close to the ocean, particularly with Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome). Shag nests are a cone of seaweed and other plant material cemented with mud and excreta, and between one and three chicks are raised. The adult Shags commute to sea each day, often fishing together in large flocks. The mixed rookeries are very busy and noisy, with adult birds coming and going, feeding chicks and squabbling with each other over pieces of nesting material. This breeding colony is on the clifftop at Cape Bougainville on East Falkland. There is much activity as the adult Shags incubate eggs, rear and shelter their chicks from the incessant summer wind, and fly to and fro from the sea. An adult Shag flew in with a large piece of brown seaweed for its nest, but a bird on the nest next door grabbed it, and after a struggle stole the seaweed and began adding it to its own nest.
FALK18-7-Shags fight over seaweed for nestThis video is being managed exclusively by Newsflare and is available at 1080p resolution. To use this video for broadcast or in a commercial player go to:
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History of the Falkland Islands | Wikipedia audio article
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History of the Falkland Islands
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SUMMARY
=======
The history of the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) goes back at least five hundred years, with active exploration and colonisation only taking place in the 18th century. Nonetheless, the islands have been a matter of controversy, as they have been claimed by the French, British, Spaniards and Argentines at various points.
The islands were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans. France established a colony on the islands in 1764. In 1765, a British captain claimed the islands for Britain. In early 1770 a Spanish commander arrived from Argentina with five ships and 1400 soldiers forcing the British to leave Port Egmont. Britain and Spain almost went to war over the islands, but the British government decided that it should withdraw its presence from many overseas settlements in 1774. Spain, which had a garrison at Puerto Soledad on East Falklands, administered the garrison from Montevideo until 1811 when it was compelled to withdraw by pressures resulting from the Peninsular War. In 1833, the British returned to the Falkland Islands. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that forced the Argentines to surrender.
Falkland Islands | Wikipedia audio article
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Falkland Islands
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SUMMARY
=======
The Falkland Islands (; Spanish: Islas Malvinas, pronounced [ˈislas malˈβinas]) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (483 kilometres) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of 4,700 square miles (12,000 square kilometres), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The Falkland Islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland.
Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times, the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, although Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. In April 1982, Argentine forces temporarily occupied the islands. British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. Most Falklanders favour the archipelago remaining a UK overseas territory, but its sovereignty status is part of an ongoing dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The population (3,398 inhabitants in 2016) primarily consists of native-born Falkland Islanders, the majority of British descent. Other ethnicities include French, Gibraltarian and Scandinavian. Immigration from the United Kingdom, the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and Chile has reversed a population decline. The predominant (and official) language is English. Under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983, Falkland Islanders are British citizens.
The islands lie on the boundary of the subantarctic oceanic and tundra climate zones, and both major islands have mountain ranges reaching 2,300 feet (700 m). They are home to large bird populations, although many no longer breed on the main islands because of competition from introduced species. Major economic activities include fishing, tourism and sheep farming, with an emphasis on high-quality wool exports. Oil exploration, licensed by the Falkland Islands Government, remains controversial as a result of maritime disputes with Argentina.
Falkland Island cuisine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Falkland Island cuisine
00:02:29 1 Etymology
00:04:29 2 History
00:14:15 3 Government
00:16:53 3.1 Sovereignty dispute
00:18:02 4 Geography
00:20:25 5 Biodiversity
00:22:05 6 Economy
00:24:50 7 Demographics
00:28:05 8 Culture
00:29:24 9 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Falkland Islands (; Spanish: Islas Malvinas, pronounced [ˈislas malˈβinas]) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (483 kilometres) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of 4,700 square miles (12,000 square kilometres), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The Falkland Islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland.
Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times, the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, although Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. In April 1982, Argentine forces temporarily occupied the islands. British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. Most Falklanders favour the archipelago remaining a UK overseas territory, but its sovereignty status is part of an ongoing dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The population (3,398 inhabitants in 2016) primarily consists of native-born Falkland Islanders, the majority of British descent. Other ethnicities include French, Gibraltarian and Scandinavian. Immigration from the United Kingdom, the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and Chile has reversed a population decline. The predominant (and official) language is English. Under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983, Falkland Islanders are British citizens.
The islands lie on the boundary of the subantarctic oceanic and tundra climate zones, and both major islands have mountain ranges reaching 2,300 feet (700 m). They are home to large bird populations, although many no longer breed on the main islands because of competition from introduced species. Major economic activities include fishing, tourism and sheep farming, with an emphasis on high-quality wool exports. Oil exploration, licensed by the Falkland Islands Government, remains controversial as a result of maritime disputes with Argentina.
Falkland Islands | Wikipedia audio article
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Falkland Islands
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SUMMARY
=======
The Falkland Islands (; Spanish: Islas Malvinas, pronounced [ˈislas malˈβinas]) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (483 kilometres) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of 4,700 square miles (12,000 square kilometres), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The Falkland Islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland.
Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times, the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, although Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. In April 1982, Argentine forces temporarily occupied the islands. British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. Most Falklanders favour the archipelago remaining a UK overseas territory, but its sovereignty status is part of an ongoing dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The population (3,398 inhabitants in 2016) primarily consists of native-born Falkland Islanders, the majority of British descent. Other ethnicities include French, Gibraltarian and Scandinavian. Immigration from the United Kingdom, the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and Chile has reversed a population decline. The predominant (and official) language is English. Under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983, Falkland Islanders are British citizens.
The islands lie on the boundary of the subantarctic oceanic and tundra climate zones, and both major islands have mountain ranges reaching 2,300 feet (700 m). They are home to large bird populations, although many no longer breed on the main islands because of competition from introduced species. Major economic activities include fishing, tourism and sheep farming, with an emphasis on high-quality wool exports. Oil exploration, licensed by the Falkland Islands Government, remains controversial as a result of maritime disputes with Argentina.
Timeline of the history of the Falkland Islands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of the history of the Falkland Islands
00:00:44 1 15th century
00:01:11 2 16th Century
00:04:06 3 17th century
00:05:14 4 18th century
00:08:32 5 19th century
00:15:42 6 20th century
00:25:11 7 21st century
00:27:27 8 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) have a complex history stretching over five hundred years. Active exploration and colonisation began in the 18th century but a self-supporting colony was not established till the latter part of the 19th century. Nonetheless, the islands have been a matter of controversy, as due to their strategic position in the 18th century their sovereignty was claimed by the French, Spaniards, British and Argentines at various points.
The strategic importance of the Falkland Islands was negated by the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. Nevertheless, the continued sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina led to the Falklands War in 1982.
Tristan da Cunha | Wikipedia audio article
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Tristan da Cunha
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tristan da Cunha (), colloquially Tristan, is both a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean and the main island of that group. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world which lies proximately 1,511 miles (2,432 km) off the coast of Cape Town in South Africa, 1,343 miles (2,161 km) from Saint Helena and 2,166 miles (3,486 km) off the coast from the Falkland Islands. The territory consists of the main island, Tristan da Cunha, which has a north–south length of 11.27 kilometres (7.00 mi) and an area of 98 square kilometres (38 sq mi), and the smaller, uninhabited Nightingale Islands and the wildlife reserves of Inaccessible and Gough islands. As of October 2018, the main island has 250 permanent inhabitants who all carry British Overseas Territories citizenship. The other islands are uninhabited, except for the personnel of a weather station on Gough Island.
Tristan da Cunha is part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. This includes Saint Helena and also near-equatorial Ascension Island, which lies some 1,741 miles (2,802 km) to the north of Tristan. There is no airstrip of any kind on the main island meaning the only way of traveling in and out of Tristan is by boat, a six-day trip from South Africa.
Expulsion of the Acadians
The Expulsion of the Acadians, also known as the Great Upheaval, the Great Expulsion, the Great Deportation and Le Grand Dérangement, was the forced removal by the British of the Acadian people from the present day Canadian Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island —an area also known as Acadie. The Expulsion occurred during the French and Indian War and was part of the British military campaign against New France. The British first deported Acadians to the Thirteen Colonies, and after 1758 transported additional Acadians to Britain and France. In all, of the 14,100 Acadians in the region, approximately 11,500 Acadians were deported.
After the British conquest of Acadia in 1710, the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht allowed the Acadians to keep their lands. Over the next forty-five years, however, the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During the same period, they also participated in various military operations against the British, and maintained supply lines to the French fortresses of Louisbourg and Fort Beauséjour. As a result, the British sought to eliminate any future military threat posed by the Acadians and to permanently cut the supply lines they provided to Louisbourg by removing them from the area.
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British Virgin Islands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
British Virgin Islands
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SUMMARY
=======
The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially simply Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.
The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, and Jost Van Dyke, along with over 50 other smaller islands and cays. About 15 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which is about 20 km (12 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide. The islands had a population of about 28,000 at the 2010 Census, of whom approximately 23,500 lived on Tortola. For the islands, the latest United Nations estimate (2016) is 30,661.British Virgin Islanders are British Overseas Territories citizens and since 2002 are British citizens as well. Although the territory is not part of the European Union and not directly subject to EU law, British Virgin Islanders are deemed to be citizens of the EU by virtue of their British citizenship.
European maritime exploration of Australia | Wikipedia audio article
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European maritime exploration of Australia
00:01:01 1 Pro-Iberian hypotheses and theories
00:02:10 2 17th century
00:02:20 2.1 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia and surrounding islands
00:16:00 2.2 Others
00:17:12 3 18th century
00:26:01 4 Later exploration from the sea
00:31:28 5 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The maritime European exploration of Australia consisted of several waves of white European seafarers that sailed the edges of the Australian continent. Dutch navigators were the first Europeans known to have explored and mapped the Australian coastline. The first documented encounter was that of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, in 1606. Dutch seafarers also visited the west and north coasts of the continent, as did French explorers.
The most famous expedition was that of Royal Navy Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook 164 years after Janszoon's sighting. After an assignment to make observations of the 1769 Venus Transit, Cook followed Admiralty instructions to explore the south Pacific for the reported Terra Australis and on 19 April 1770 sighted the south-eastern coast of Australia and became the first recorded European to explore the eastern coastline. Explorers by land and sea continued to survey the continent for some years after settlement.
Cruiser | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:09 1 Early history
00:04:28 2 Steam cruisers
00:06:28 3 Steel cruisers
00:08:10 3.1 Torpedo cruisers
00:08:53 3.2 Pre-dreadnought armored cruisers
00:09:38 4 Early 20th century
00:10:23 4.1 Battle cruisers
00:11:45 4.2 Light cruisers
00:12:19 4.3 Flotilla leaders
00:12:34 4.4 Coastguard cruisers
00:12:57 4.5 Auxiliary cruisers
00:13:53 4.6 World War I
00:14:21 5 Mid-20th century
00:16:20 5.1 Heavy cruisers
00:19:11 5.2 German pocket battleships
00:21:07 5.3 Large cruiser
00:21:49 5.4 Anti-aircraft cruisers
00:24:26 6 World War II
00:27:58 6.1 1939 to Pearl Harbor
00:29:24 6.2 Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean operations 1942–1944
00:32:11 6.3 Pearl Harbor through Dutch East Indies campaign
00:35:57 6.4 Dutch East Indies campaign
00:36:43 6.5 Guadalcanal campaign
00:48:16 6.6 Post-Guadalcanal
00:51:17 6.7 Leyte Gulf
00:56:02 6.8 Wartime cruiser production
00:57:08 7 Late 20th century
00:58:25 7.1 US cruiser development
01:04:06 7.1.1 US Navy's cruiser gap
01:07:04 7.2 Soviet cruiser development
01:09:09 7.3 Current cruisers
01:12:02 7.4 Aircraft cruisers
01:14:06 8 Cruisers in service or under construction
01:15:55 9 Museum cruisers
01:17:33 10 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A cruiser is a type of warship. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships, and can usually perform several roles.
The term has been in use for several hundred years, and has had different meanings throughout this period. During the Age of Sail, the term cruising referred to certain kinds of missions—independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding—fulfilled by a frigate or sloop-of-war, which were the cruising warships of a fleet.
In the middle of the 19th century, cruiser came to be a classification for the ships intended for cruising distant waters, commerce raiding, and scouting for the battle fleet. Cruisers came in a wide variety of sizes, from the medium-sized protected cruiser to large armored cruisers that were nearly as big (although not as powerful or as well-armored) as a pre-dreadnought battleship. With the advent of the dreadnought battleship before World War I, the armored cruiser evolved into a vessel of similar scale known as the battlecruiser. The very large battlecruisers of the World War I era that succeeded armored cruisers were now classified, along with dreadnought battleships, as capital ships.
By the early 20th century after World War I, the direct successors to protected cruisers could be placed on a consistent scale of warship size, smaller than a battleship but larger than a destroyer. In 1922, the Washington Naval Treaty placed a formal limit on these cruisers, which were defined as warships of up to 10,000 tons displacement carrying guns no larger than 8 inches in calibre; heavy cruisers had 8-inch guns, while those with guns of 6.1 inches or less were light cruisers, which shaped cruiser design until the end of World War II. Some variations on the Treaty cruiser design included the German Deutschland-class pocket battleships which had heavier armament at the expense of speed compared to standard heavy cruisers, and the American Alaska class, which was a scaled-up heavy cruiser design designated as a cruiser-killer.
In the later 20th century, the obsolescence of the battleship left the cruiser as the largest and most powerful surface combatant after the aircraft carrier. The role of the cruiser varied according to ship and navy, often including air defense and shore bombardment. During the Cold War, the Soviet Navy's cruisers had heavy anti-ship missile armament designed to sink NATO carrier task forces via saturation attack. The U.S. Navy built guided-missile cruisers upon destroyer-style hulls (some ca ...
Patagonia | Wikipedia audio article
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Patagonia
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [pataˈɣonja]) is a sparsely populated region at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains and the deserts, pampas and grasslands to the east. Patagonia is one of the few regions with coasts on three oceans, with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.
The Colorado and Barrancas rivers, which run from the Andes to the Atlantic, are commonly considered the northern limit of Argentine Patagonia. The archipelago of Tierra del Fuego is sometimes included as part of Patagonia. Most geographers and historians locate the northern limit of Chilean Patagonia at Reloncaví Estuary.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea by Jules Verne | Part 1 of 2 | Audiobook with subtitles
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea (Version 3)
Jules VERNE , translated by F. P. WALTER
Originally published 1870, this recording is from the English translation by Frederick P. Walter, published 1991, containing the unabridged text from the original French and offered up into the public domain. It is considered to be the very first science fiction novel ever written, the first novel about the undersea world, and is a classic science fiction novel by French writer Jules Verne published in 1870. It tells the story of Captain Nemo and his submarine Nautilus, as seen from the perspective of Professor Pierre Aronnax - Summary by Michele Fry
Genre(s): Action & Adventure Fiction, Travel Fiction
Chapters:
1:15 | Introduction
12:20 | 1-1. A Runaway Reef
29:22 | 1-2. The Pros and Cons
43:22 | 1-3. As Master Wishes
55:22 | 1-4. Ned Land
1:12:15 |1-5. At Random!
1:27:56 | 1-6. At Full Steam
1:48:13 |1-7. A Whale of Unknown Species
2:05:17 | 1-8. Mobilis in Mobili
2:24:49 | 1-9. The Tantrums of Ned Land
2:41:04 | 1-10. The Man Of The Waters
3:02:02 | 1-11. The Nautilus
3:21:39 |1-12. Everything through Electricity
3:38:19 | 1-13. Some Figures
3:55:10 |1-14. The Black Current
4:22:52 | 1-15. An Invitation in Writing
4:41:57 | 1-16. Strolling the Plains
4:57:14 | 1-17. An Underwater Forest
5:14:02 | 1-18. Four Thousand Leagues Under the Pacific
5:34:33 | 1-19. Vanikoro
5:59:28 | 1-20. The Torres Strait
6:19:46 | 1-21. Some Days Ashore
6:44:41 | 1-22. The Lightning Bolts of Captain Nemo
7:09:26 |1-23. Aegri Somnia
7:29:58 | 1-24. The Coral Realm
7:49:50 | 2-1. The Indian Ocean
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History of the United States Marine Corps | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Background
00:11:42 1.1 Colonial era
00:16:49 2 Continental era
00:45:42 3 Establishment of the modern Marine Corps
00:50:42 3.1 Henderson's era
00:55:17 4 Civil War
00:59:24 4.1 Confederate Marines
00:59:42 5 Latter 19th century
01:02:50 5.1 Spanish– & Philippine–American Wars
01:04:52 6 Early 1900s
01:08:18 6.1 Banana Wars
01:14:35 7 World War I
01:18:19 7.1 A new amphibious mission
01:23:54 8 World War II
01:27:32 8.1 Interim: WWII-Korea
01:33:24 9 Korean War
01:35:07 9.1 Interim: Korea-Vietnam
01:36:31 10 Vietnam War
01:37:30 10.1 Interim: post-Vietnam War
01:41:24 11 The 1990s
01:41:33 11.1 Gulf War
01:42:11 11.2 Bosnian War
01:43:26 11.3 Other
01:45:34 12 Twenty-first century
01:46:42 12.1 War in Afghanistan
01:47:51 12.2 Iraq War
01:49:26 13 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.9459519294267857
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces. Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States. Owing to the availability of Marine forces at sea, the United States Marine Corps has served in nearly every conflict in United States history. It attained prominence when its theories and practice of amphibious warfare proved prescient, and ultimately formed a cornerstone of the Pacific Theater of World War II. By the early 20th century, the Marine Corps would become one of the dominant theorists and practitioners of amphibious warfare. Its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises has made and continues to make it an important tool for U.S. foreign policy.In February 1776, the Continental Marines embarked on their maiden expedition. The Continental Marines were disbanded at the end of the war, along with the Continental Navy. In preparation for the Quasi-War with France, Congress created the United States Navy and the Marine Corps. The Marines' most famous action of this period occurred in the First Barbary War (1801–1805) against the Barbary pirates. In the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), the Marines made their famed assault on Chapultepec Palace, which overlooked Mexico City, their first major expeditionary venture. In the 1850s, the Marines would see service in Panama, and in Asia. During the U.S. Civil War (1861–1865) the Marine Corps played only a minor role after their participation in the Union defeat at the first battle of First Bull Run/Manassas. Their most important task was blockade duty and other ship-board battles, but they were mobilized for a handful of operations as the war progressed. The remainder of the 19th century would be a period of declining strength and introspection about the mission of the Marine Corps. Under Commandant Jacob Zeilin's term (1864–1876), many Marine customs and traditions took shape. During the Spanish–American War (1898), Marines would lead U.S. forces ashore in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, demonstrating their readiness for deployment. Between 1900 and 1916, the Marine Corps continued its record of participation in foreign expeditions, especially in the Caribbean and Central and South America, which included Panama, Cuba, Veracruz, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua.
In World War I, battle-tested, veteran Marines served a central role in the United States' entry into the conflict. Between the world wars, the Marine Corps was headed by Major General John A. Lejeune, another popular commandant. In World War II, the Marines played a central role, under Admiral Nimitz, in the Pacific War, participating in nearly every significant battle. The Corps also ...
Patagonia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Patagonia
00:00:48 1 Etymology
00:01:38 2 Population and land area
00:01:48 2.1 Largest cities
00:01:56 3 Physical geography
00:04:24 3.1 Geology
00:07:49 4 Political divisions
00:09:07 5 Climate
00:17:17 6 Fauna
00:19:48 7 History
00:19:56 7.1 Pre-Columbian Patagonia (10,000 BC–AD 1520)
00:23:35 7.2 Early European exploration (1520–1669)
00:27:40 7.2.1 Patagonian giants: early European perceptions
00:31:36 7.3 Scientific exploration (1764–1842)
00:33:14 7.4 Chilean and Argentine colonisation (1843–1902)
00:35:43 7.4.1 Conquest of the desert and the 1881 treaty
00:38:17 8 Economy
00:39:26 8.1 Livestock
00:40:45 8.2 Tourism
00:42:07 8.3 Energy
00:44:47 9 Cuisine
00:45:55 10 Foreign land buyers issue
00:46:57 11 Gallery
00:47:06 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [pataˈɣonja]) is a sparsely populated region at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains and the deserts, pampas and grasslands to the east. Patagonia is one of the few regions with coasts on three oceans, with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.
The Colorado and Barrancas rivers, which run from the Andes to the Atlantic, are commonly considered the northern limit of Argentine Patagonia. The archipelago of Tierra del Fuego is sometimes included as part of Patagonia. Most geographers and historians locate the northern limit of Chilean Patagonia at Huincul Fault, in Araucanía Region.
Patagonia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Patagonia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [pataˈɣonja]) is a sparsely populated region at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains and the deserts, pampas and grasslands to the east. Patagonia is one of the few regions with coasts on three oceans, with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.
The Colorado and Barrancas rivers, which run from the Andes to the Atlantic, are commonly considered the northern limit of Argentine Patagonia. The archipelago of Tierra del Fuego is sometimes included as part of Patagonia. Most geographers and historians locate the northern limit of Chilean Patagonia at Reloncaví Estuary.
Patagonia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Patagonia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [pataˈɣonja]) is a sparsely populated region at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains and the deserts, pampas and grasslands to the east. Patagonia is one of the few regions with coasts on three oceans, with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.
The Colorado and Barrancas rivers, which run from the Andes to the Atlantic, are commonly considered the northern limit of Argentine Patagonia. The archipelago of Tierra del Fuego is sometimes included as part of Patagonia. Most geographers and historians locate the northern limit of Chilean Patagonia at Reloncaví Estuary.