Poland: Kraków - Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a historic Roman Catholic church in Kraków, Poland; located at ul. Karmelicka 19 street in the Old Town. It is the city's first Carmelite Church, hence the name of the street on which it stands.
The Baroque facade of the church is based on the design of Il Gesù in Rome. On the south-side wall of the church, at the corner of ul. Garbarska, there is the 18th century sculpture representing Golgotha with its central Crucificion. The main altar depicts the Visitation of Saint Elizabeth by Virgin Mary, and is one of the largest examples of Baroque woodcarving in Kraków.
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Catholic higher education | Wikipedia audio article
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Catholic higher education
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.
By definition, Catholic canon law states that A Catholic school is understood to be one which is under control of the competent ecclesiastical authority or of a public ecclesiastical juridical person, or one which in a written document is acknowledged as Catholic by the ecclesiastical authority (Can. 803). Although some schools are deemed Catholic because of their identity and a great number of students enrolled are Catholics, it is also stipulated in canon law that no school, even if it is in fact Catholic, may bear the title 'Catholic school' except by the consent of the competent ecclesiastical authority (Can. 803 §3).
The Dominican Order was the first order instituted by the Church with an academic mission, founding studia conventualia in every convent of the order, and studia generalia at the early European universities such as the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. In Europe, most universities with medieval history were founded as Catholic. Many of them were rescinded to government authourities in the Modern era. Some, however, remained Catholic, while new ones were established alongside the public ones. The Catholic Church is still the largest non-governmental provider of higher education in the world. Many of them are still internationally competitive. According to the census of the Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education, the total number of Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world is 1,358. On the other hand, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops counts it at 1,861. The Catholic religious order with the highest number of universities around the world today is the Society of Jesus with 114.Like other private schools, Catholic universities and colleges are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of religious affiliation, nationality, ethnicity, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and rules and regulations are obeyed for a fruitful life on campus. However, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may or may not participate in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.
List of Catholic saints | Wikipedia audio article
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List of Catholic saints
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language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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SUMMARY
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This is an incomplete list of people and angels whom the Catholic Church has canonized as saints. According to Catholic theology, all saints enjoy the beatific vision; it is impossible therefore for any list to enumerate them all. Many of the saints listed here are to be found in the General Roman Calendar, while others may also be found in the Roman Martyrology; still others are particular to local places and their recognition does not extend to the larger worldwide church.
Candidates go through the following steps on the way to being declared saints.
Saints acknowledged by the Eastern Orthodox and other churches are listed in Category:Christian saints by century and/or Category:Christian saints by nationality.
This list of Catholic saints is ordered chronologically by date of death.
Tridentine Mass | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tridentine Mass
00:02:25 1 Language
00:03:49 2 Terminology
00:05:42 3 Pope St. Pius V's revision of the liturgy
00:08:13 4 Historical variations
00:10:27 4.1 Typical editions of the Roman Missal
00:14:05 4.2 1962 Missal
00:19:01 5 Liturgical structure
00:20:04 5.1 Before Mass
00:21:39 5.2 Mass of the Catechumens
00:21:52 5.2.1 Prayers at the foot of the altar
00:25:47 5.2.2 Priest at the altar
00:27:31 5.2.3 Instruction
00:29:52 5.3 Mass of the Faithful
00:30:04 5.3.1 Offertory
00:33:24 5.3.2 Consecration
00:36:35 5.3.3 Elevation candle
00:37:12 5.3.4 Communion
00:40:37 5.3.5 Conclusion
00:42:40 5.4 Prayers of the priest before and after Mass
00:44:23 5.5 Leonine Prayers
00:45:53 5.6 Participation by the people
00:47:23 6 Different levels of celebration
00:51:03 7 Revision of the Roman Missal
00:56:42 7.1 Opposition to the latest revisions of the liturgy
01:01:03 8 Attitudes of Popes since the Second Vatican Council
01:01:14 8.1 Pope Paul VI
01:02:08 8.2 Pope John Paul II
01:03:48 8.3 Pope Benedict XVI
01:06:07 9 Present regulations
01:08:26 10 Present practice
01:10:30 11 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Tridentine Mass, also known as the Usus Antiquior and Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite, is the Roman Rite Mass which appears in typical editions of the Roman Missal published from 1570 to 1962. The most widely used Mass liturgy in the world until the introduction of the Mass of Paul VI in 1969, it is celebrated in ecclesiastical Latin. The 1962 edition is the most recent authorized text, also known as the Missal of Saint John XXIII after the now-canonized Pope who promulgated it.
Tridentine is derived from the Latin Tridentinus, related to the city of Tridentum (modern-day Trent, Italy), where the Council of Trent was held. In response to a decision of that council, Pope Pius V promulgated the 1570 Roman Missal, making it mandatory throughout the Latin Church, except in places and religious orders with missals from before 1370. Despite being often described as the (Traditional) Latin Mass, the Mass of Paul VI (the Novus Ordo Missae) that replaced it as the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite has its official text in Latin and is sometimes celebrated in that language.In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI issued the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, accompanied by a letter to the world's bishops, authorizing use of the 1962 Tridentine Mass by all Latin Rite Catholic priests in Masses celebrated without the people. These Masses may — observing all the norms of law — also be attended by faithful who, of their own free will, ask to be admitted. Permission for competent priests to use the Tridentine Mass as parish liturgies may be given by the pastor or rector.Benedict stated that the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal is to be considered an extraordinary form (forma extraordinaria) of the Roman Rite, of which the 1970 Mass of Paul VI is the ordinary, normal or standard form. Since that is the only authorized extraordinary form, some refer to the 1962 Tridentine Mass as the extraordinary form of the Mass. The 1962 Tridentine Mass is sometimes referred to as the usus antiquior (older use) or forma antiquior (older form), to differentiate it from the Mass of Paul VI, again in the sense of being the only one of the older forms for which authorization has been granted.