Congo - French troops arrive
T/I: 10:56:06
The Congolese capital of Brazzaville has been rocked by fighting. Militia forces loyal to former ruler Denis Sassou Nguesso have attacked the government troops of President Pascal Lissouba.
On Saturday (7/6) a French soldier was killed and five were wounded when the troops were evacuating French nationals from the war torn capital. France, the former colonial ruler of the Congo, started sending military equipment and 500 more troops on Sunday (8/6) to help the 450 French soldiers already there.
SHOWS:
BRAZZAVILLE, CONGO RECENT
WS plane in air;
MS plane dropping paratroopers;
WS paratroopers in air;
MS paratroopers falling;
landing in fields
paratroopers on ground;
walking away;
MS trooper packing up kit;
children around paratroopers
Vs paratroopers landing;
paratrooper on ground: PAN to locals watching.
1.29
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Zaire/Congo - US troops arrive in Congo
T/I: 11:24:45
The first contingent of US troops arrived in the capital of Congo, Brazzaville, on Sunday (23/3), in preparation for a possible evacuation of American nationals from crisis-ridden Zaire.
Belgian troops also began arriving Brazzaville on Monday (24/3), bringing with them equipment for 150 French troops who arrived the previous day.
The arrivial of foreign troops co-incides with renewed diplomatic efforts to push for a ceasefire in Zaire.
In another development, state TV said Monday night that Mobutu had accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Kengo wa Dondo. A week ago, parliament had voted to oust him but he refused to resign then and no formal announcement has been made.
SHOWS:
BRAZZAVILLE, CONGO, 23/3
00.00 Pan of US troops on tarmac;
00.11 MS troops on tarmac;
00.14 CU same;
00.17 SOT Lietenant Colonel Michael Burns: In case we have to evacuate the Americans and any other nationals out of the country of Zaire, if anything comes to rise, and if we have to take them out we take them out.
BRAZZAVILLE, CONGO, 24/3
00.27 Belgian army plane landing;
00.32 Belgian paratroopers off plane;
00.37 Group of paratroopers on tarmac;
00.39 CU more paratroopers;
00.42 WS plane on tarmac carrying French equipment;
00.44 Box being carried off;
00.49 Girders being unloaded;
KINSHASA, ZAIRE, 24/3
00.53 GV street;
00.57 GV street;
KINSHASA, ZAIRE, 22/3
01.00 WS Prime Minister Kengo Wa Dondo at airport;
01.03 CU Kengo;
KINSHASA, ZAIRE, 24/3
01.07 WS group of parliamentarians on steps;
01.11 CU with paper;
01.15 SOT unnamed parliamentarian: Kengo out is good - Kengo is out!
01.19 Mobuto shaking hands with members of his parliamentary committee;
01.25 Rear of same;
01.28 Cutaway to committee member in chair;
01.32 MS President sitting in chair;
01.37 VISION ENDS.
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FRANCE: PARIS: PEOPLE FLEEING VIOLENCE IN REPUBLIC OF CONGO ARRIVE
French/Nat
Seventy-seven passengers, mostly French and Congolese, arrived in Paris Saturday after fleeing a night of fighting between government soldiers and militiamen in the Republic of Congo.
They escaped the capital, Brazzaville, Saturday aboard an Air France plane ferried by the government.
This came after a French soldier has been wounded and killed.
After a night of violent fighting between government soldiers and militiamen in Brazzaville (Congo) Saturday, 77 persons, most of them French and Congolese nationals, arrived in Paris.
The Air France aircraft landed at 22.20g at Charles de Gaulle airport, in Roissy, north of Paris, after a short technical stop in the capital of neighbouring Gabon, Libreville.
One Passenger told APTV, the situation in the Congolese capital had deteriorated quickly and that chaos had spread all over the capital.
SOUNDBITE: (French)
Everything has been looted, we were safe at the airport. The French soldiers can't move from what we were told.
SUPER CAPTION: Dominique, Evacuee
Words that were soon confirmed.
SOUNDBITE: (French)
There were riots in the streets. We went back and all over town we could hear firearms. It went on for two days.
SUPER CAPTION: Vox Pops 2
According to the French Ministry of Foreign affairs at least three passengers were wounded, but not seriously.
They have been welcomed by a crew of doctors from the SAMU, the French emergency service.
One seems to have been taken to the hospital but press had no access to them.
French nationals are not the only people wanting to leave Brazzaville.
Many Congolese are also stranded at the airport hoping to get a seat on one of the flights to safety.
But as this man says, it is a more difficult task.
SOUNDBITE: (French)
Q: Are you from The Congo?
A: Yes, I am a Congolese national.
Q: Was it difficult to board the plane?
A: It was very difficult for us to board the plane
SUPER CAPTION: Vox Pops 3, Congolese evacuee
With shootings going on continuously, the situation has become very risky for everyone.
The French Defence Ministry said one French soldier was killed and five wounded, two seriously, Saturday night during a clash with uncontrolled elements.
One Congolese officer was also killed, according to the ministry.
SOUNDBITE: (French)
Frightened? No, I wasn't scared. But one can say the situation was very risky. They were shooting all around
SUPER CAPTION: Vox Pops 4
French and Congolese forces are gathering up French nationals, stranded in parts of the city.
However, no evacuation was planned yet for the 2,500 French nationals, the French foreign ministry declared.
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CONGO: KINSHASA: 2 DAYS OF SHELLING LEAVE 20 PEOPLE DEAD
French/Nat
Two days of shelling in Kinshasa, capital of the former Zaire now called the Democratic Republic of Congo, has left at least 20 people dead.
Although it was unclear who was doing the firing, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Congo, Bernard Kolelas, who was in Kinshasa for emergency talks with Congolese officials, blamed forces loyal to the former Zairean president Mobutu.
Although he stressed the two countries were not at war, he said the ex-Mobutu forces were operating from across the Congo River in Brazzaville.
Soldiers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo inspected the damage caused by two days of sporadic shelling in Kinshasa.
At least 20 people have been killed, many more injured and scores of homes have been badly damaged.
The shells came from across the river in Brazzaville - the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo.
Bernard Kolelas, the prime minister of the Republic of Congo, went to Kinshasa on Tuesday for emergency talks with Congolese officials.
But speaking to reporters at the Kinshasa airport, Kolelas said that there was absolutely not a war between the two Congos.
Kinshasa officials have blamed the shelling on former Zairean soldiers seeking revenge on the government of President Laurent Kabila, who overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko in May and renamed the country Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kolelas also blamed ex-Mobutu soldiers for the shelling.
SOUNDBITE: (French)
There are some elements that the special presidential guards of the
deceased president of Zaire (Mobutu) that have been shooting from the northern zones of the Brazzaville capital. So they are hiding there, operating as if they are still in service in those northern zones.
SUPER CAPTION: Bernard Kolelas, Prime Minister of Congo
Brazzaville's northern neighbourhoods are under the control of the militia group of former military ruler General Denis Sassou-Nguesso,
who is opposed to Kolelas's government.
However, a spokesman for Sassou-Nguesso denied that Mobutu loyalists were operating in their territory.
Hundreds of people gathered at the Palais du Peuple (People' Palace) to mourn those killed in the shelling.
And later Kolelas, together with the Minister of Interior of DR Congo Mwenze Kongolo, also arrived at the Palais du Peuple to pay their respects to the dead.
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Maison du Dictateur de Brazzaville Denis Sassou Nguesso
Maison Dictateur Denis Sassou Nguesso près de Edou à Oyo
budget est de 10.000.000 de euro
Feito com dinheiro do BNDS. ASPERBRAS e Lula
French strike grounds hundreds of flights
(7 Feb 2012)
1. Interior terminal, pan to departure board
2. Close up departure board showing cancellation
3. Mid shot of seated couple waiting
4. Wide shot inside terminal, information screen on right with strike information
5. Close up information on screen reading (French in English) National strike in air transport traffic disrupted
6. Wide shot of passengers seated, man asleep on woman's shoulder
7. SOUNDBITE: (French) Carmen Devecchio, Tourist from Italy :
After spending 24 hours travelling from Congo Brazzaville, I hope I have a chance to go home today, because in Italy they have snow so I don't know if we will be able to land in Italy.
8. Mid of of passengers waiting on the air france desk
9. Man sleeping surrounded with luggage
10. Wide shot passengers queuing at Air France customer service desk
STORYLINE:
Hundreds of flights were cancelled in France on Tuesday, including 40 percent out of Paris' Charles de Gaulle Airport, as aviation unions continued striking for a second day over labour rights.
Air France forecast that it could only guarantee just 50 percent of its long-haul flights on Tuesday, after running 85 percent of them on Monday.
The airline, among the world's biggest, said in a statement that 70 percent of short- and medium-range flights would continue without any disruption.
At the heart of the dispute is the right to strike itself. Unions representing pilots, cabin, ground crews and others called the walkout to protest a draft law that would require air transport workers to give 48 hours notice before striking.
Charles de Gaulle sees about 1,500 landings and take-offs per day on a normal day, but a spokesman for the Paris airport authority ADP said 40 percent of flights out of there were cancelled on Tuesday.
Most of those were announced to passengers the day before, the official said, but the airport also saw a few last-minute cancellations.
Red cancelled signs dotted the huge screens greeting passengers to Charles de Gaulle, and long lines snaked out from the Air France service desk.
One passenger, Italian tourist Carmen Devecchio had spent 24 hours travelling back to Europe from Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo, and was really hoping she would be able to catch a flight home that day, but Italian airports are struggling with unusually heavy snowfall, so she didn't know if it would be possible to land there.
At Paris' Orly Airport, about 15 percent of flights were cancelled, the ADP spokesman said.
French Transport Minister Thierry Mariani said the bill is needed to protect passengers in a country where strikes occur regularly.
The bill passed in the lower house of parliament last month, and goes to the Senate later this month.
The conservative-led parliament passed a law a few years ago requiring a minimum level of service during strikes and warning time ahead of walkouts on other forms of public transport.
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Programmes TV Les Congolais(e)s de Brazzaville
voici en image le programme de notre chaine.
nos émission à présenter sur : la mode, le fashion, Mode de vie des congolais à l'étranger, télé-réalité, beauté, culture, divertissement, musique, artist.....questions,suggestions: sur commentaire abonnez vous en attendant la configuration
CONGO INDEPENDENCE - NO SOUND
June 30th - Te Deum at church of San Maria, in native city. Crowd gathered early in morning - natives and policemen among same. Prime Minister, Mr. Lumuba arrived. Lord Sigismondy, representative from Vatican, accompanied by nuns and archbishops followed. Kasa-Vubu arrived - acclaimed by crowd. King Baudouin of Belguim - warm welcome - police control crowd. Inside church. Altar. Left of picture Lord Sigismond, behind President Yuly Fulbert; behind President were King Baudouin and Kasa-Vubu. On the right of the altar Prime Ministers, and on left Mr. Cornelis, General Governor. CU personalities. CU Crowd. CU King Baudouin with Mr. Kasa Vubu on his right and President Fulbert on left. CU Lord Sigismond. Outside views. King leaves church followed by President Fulbert. At the Nation Palace. Chamber of the deputies. The round room with on left President of Belgian Congo, Yulu Fulbert, Mr. Kasonjo, Deputies president , on the right King Baudouin and Mr Kase Vubu. - presidential tribune. Behind on left diplomatic corps from Belguim, in centre Congolese Chamber, and on right foreign diplomatic corps.
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Brazzaville
Brazzaville is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. As of the 2007 census, it has a population of 1,373,382 in the city proper, and about 2 million in total when including the suburbs located in the Pool Region. The populous city of Kinshasa (more than 10 million inhabitants in 2009), capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, lies just across the Congo River from Brazzaville. Together with Kinshasa, the combined conurbation of Kinshasa-Brazzaville has thus nearly 12 million inhabitants (although significant political and infrastructure challenges prevent the two cities from functioning with any meaningful connection). Over a third of the population of the Republic of Congo lives in the capital, and it is home to 40% of non-agricultural employment. It is also a financial and administrative capital.
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Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge, Dutch: Belgisch-Congo) was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Leopold II’s formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
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French colonial empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
French colonial empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the first colonial empire, that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost, and the second colonial empire, which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830. The second colonial empire came to an end after the loss in later wars of Indochina (1954) and Algeria (1962), and relatively peaceful decolonizations elsewhere after 1960.
Competing with Spain, Portugal, the Dutch United Provinces and later England, France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India in the 17th century. A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests. France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850, concentrating chiefly in Africa as well as Indochina and the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build their own colonial empire. As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language and the Catholic religion. It also provided manpower in the World Wars.It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884, the leading proponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry, declared; The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior races. Full citizenship rights – assimilation – were offered, although in reality assimilation was always receding [and] the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens. France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire, contrary to Great Britain and previously Spain and Portugal, with the only notable exception of Algeria, where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority.
At its apex, it was one of the largest empires in history. Including metropolitan France, the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11,500,000 km2 (4,400,000 sq mi) in 1920, with a population of 110 million people in 1939. In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. Historian Tony Chafer argues: In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation, France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War. However, after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority. The French constitution of 27 October 1946 (Fourth Republic), established the French Union which endured until 1958. Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic. These now total altogether 119,394 km² (46,098 sq. miles), which amounts to only 1% of the pre-1939 French colonial empire's area, with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013. By the 1970s, says Robert Aldrich, the last vestiges of empire held little interest for the French. He argues, Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria, however, what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed.
French colonial empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
French colonial empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the first colonial empire, that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost, and the second colonial empire, which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830. The second colonial empire came to an end after the loss in later wars of Indochina (1954) and Algeria (1962), and relatively peaceful decolonizations elsewhere after 1960.
Competing with Spain, Portugal, the Dutch United Provinces and later England, France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India in the 17th century. A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests. France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850, concentrating chiefly in Africa as well as Indochina and the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build their own colonial empire. As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language and the Catholic religion. It also provided manpower in the World Wars.It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884, the leading proponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry, declared; The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior races. Full citizenship rights – assimilation – were offered, although in reality assimilation was always receding [and] the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens. France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire, contrary to Great Britain and previously Spain and Portugal, with the only notable exception of Algeria, where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority.
At its apex, it was one of the largest empires in history. Including metropolitan France, the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11,500,000 km2 (4,400,000 sq mi) in 1920, with a population of 110 million people in 1939. In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. Historian Tony Chafer argues: In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation, France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War. However, after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority. The French constitution of 27 October 1946 (Fourth Republic), established the French Union which endured until 1958. Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic. These now total altogether 119,394 km² (46,098 sq. miles), which amounts to only 1% of the pre-1939 French colonial empire's area, with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013. By the 1970s, says Robert Aldrich, the last vestiges of empire held little interest for the French. He argues, Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria, however, what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed.