The Qingjiang biota - Cambrian fossils exquisitely preserved
In the Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province, central China, paleontologists discovered a treasure trove of Cambrian fossils. The Qingjiang biota is about 518 million years old and is dominated by soft-bodied fossils exquisitely preserved, showing skin, eyes, and internal organs. Coordinated by Associate Professor Fu Dongjing, the research was published in the journal Science.
Credits:
Images courtesy of Northwest University
Video courtesy of China Central Television (CCTV)
Research
The Qingjiang biota—A Burgess Shale–type fossil Lagerstätte from the early Cambrian of South China
Dongjing Fu, Guanghui Tong, Tao Dai, Wei Liu, Yuning Yang, Yuan Zhang, Linhao Cui, Luoyang Li1, Hao Yun, Yu Wu, Ao Sun, Cong Liu, Wenrui Pei, Robert R. Gaines, Xingliang Zhang
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8800
Introduction of Yuxi, natural scenery, history and resources3
The origin of life.The discovery of a 530-million-year-old fossil on maotianshan mountain in chengjiang county reveals a mystery that has shocked the world. The Cambrian explosion of life was the beginning of life, and people can trace the origin of life here.In July 2012, the chengjiang fossil was included in the world natural heritage list, making it the only fossil world natural heritage in China and rare in the world.
Chengjiang biota | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:58 1 History and scientific significance
00:02:30 2 Preservation and taphonomy
00:03:45 3 Chengjiang fauna
00:06:58 4 Guanshan fauna
00:07:11 5 Gallery
00:07:20 6 See also
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SUMMARY
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The Maotianshan Shales are a series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation, famous for their Konservat Lagerstätten, deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or traces. The Maotianshan Shales form one of some forty Cambrian fossil locations worldwide exhibiting exquisite preservation of rarely preserved, non-mineralized soft tissue, comparable to the fossils of the Burgess Shale. They take their name from Maotianshan Hill (Chinese: 帽天山; pinyin: Màotiānshān) in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China.
The most famous assemblage of organisms are referred to as the Chengjiang biota for the multiple scattered fossil sites in Chengjiang. The age of the Chengjiang Lagerstätte is locally termed Qiongzhusian, a stage correlated to the late Atdabanian Stage in Siberian sequences of the middle of the Early Cambrian.
The shales date to ≤518 million years ago. The shales also contain the slightly younger Guanshan biota.
Burgess Shale type fauna
A number of assemblages bear fossil assemblages similar in character to that of the Burgess Shale. While many are also preserved in a similar fashion to the Burgess Shale, the term Burgess Shale type fauna covers assemblages based on taxonomic criteria only. Sirius Passet fauna
Reconstruction of Kerygmachela from Sirius Passet, viewed from the top, with the head to the right. The shaded areas on the lobes (flaps on the sides) are thought to have functioned as gills.
Sirius Passet is a lagerstätte in Greenland which was formed about 527 million years ago. Its most common fossils are arthropods, but there is only a handful of trilobite species. There are also very few species with hard (mineralized) parts: trilobites, hyoliths, sponges, brachiopods, and no echinoderms or molluscs.[4]
Halkieria has features associated with more than one living phylum, and is discussed below.
The strangest-looking animals from Sirius Passet are Pambdelurion and Kerygmachela. They are generally regarded as anomalocarids because they have long, soft, segmented bodies with a pair of broad fin-like flaps on most segments and a pair of segmented appendages at the rear. The outer parts of the top surfaces of the flaps have grooved areas which are thought to have acted as gills. Under each flap there is a short, fleshy leg. This arrangement suggests the animals are related to biramous arthropods.[5]
[edit]Chengjiang fauna
There are several Cambrian fossil sites in the Chengjiang county of China's Yunnan province. The most significant is the Maotianshan shale, a lagerstätte which preserves soft tissues very well. The Chengjiang fauna date to between 525 million and 520 million years ago, about the middle of the early Cambrian epoch, a few million years after Sirius Passet and at least 10 million years earlier than the Burgess Shale.
The Chengjiang sediments provide what are currently the oldest known chordates, the phylum to which all vertebrates belong. The 8 chordate species include Myllokunmingia, possibly a very primitive agnathid (jawless fish) and Haikouichthys, which may be related to lampreys.[6] Yunnanozoon may be the oldest known hemichordate (a phylum closely related to chordates).[7]
Reconstruction of Anomalocaris saron, viewed from the top with the head to the right. The shaded patches at the bases of the flaps are thought to have acted as gills.
Anomalocaris was a mainly soft-bodied swimming predator which was gigantic for its time (up to 70 cm = 2¼ feet long; some later species were 3 times as long); the soft, segmented body had a pair of broad fin-like flaps along each side, except that the last 3 segments had a pair of fans arranged in a V shape. Unlike Kerygmachela and Pambdelurion (see above), Anomalocaris apparently had no legs, and the grooved patches which are thought to have acted as gills were at the bases of the flaps, or even overlapping on to its back. The two eyes were on relatively long horizontal stalks; the mouth lay under the head and was a round-cornered square of plates which could not close completely; and in front of the mouth were two jointed appendages which were shaped like a shrimp's body, curved backwards and with short spines on the inside of the curve. Amplectobelua, also found at Chengjiang, was similar, smaller than Anomalocaris but considerably larger than most other Chengjiang animals. Both are thought to have been powerful predators.
Hallucigenia looks like a long-legged caterpillar with spines on its back, and almost certainly crawled on the seabed.[4]
Nearly half of the Chengjiang fossil species are arthropods, few of which had the hard, mineral-reinforced exoskeletons found in most later marine arthropods; only about 3% of the organisms known from Chengjiang have hard shells, and most of those are trilobites (although Misszhouia is a soft-bodied trilobite). Many other phyla are found there: Porifera (sponges) and Priapulida (burrowing worms which were ambush predators), Brachiopoda (these had bivalve-like shells, but fed by means of a lophophore, a fan-like filter which occupied about of half of the internal space), Chaetognatha (arrow worms), Cnidaria (jellyfish, sea anemones), Ctenophora (comb jellies), Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins, etc.), Hyolitha (enigmatic animals with small conical shells), Nematomorpha (horse hair worms, parasites which are typically about 1 m long and 1 mm to 3 mm in diameter), Phoronida (horseshoe worms which live in chitinous tubes and feed by means of a lophophore), and Protista (single-celled animals).
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