Exploring the Holy Saviour Jesuit church, Bratislava (Slovakia)
Bratislava's Holy Saviour Church belongs to the Jesuit faith, however it was originally a protestant church. For this reason Gavin Shoebridge went exploring to discover some unusual characteristics not seen in Slovakia's more common Catholic churches.
©/℗ 2014 - Radio Slovakia International -
Nitra Cathedral in Nitra Slovakia
Impromptu singing from just the yellow bus in the beautiful Nitra Cathedral. Neuqua Valley High School.
HISTORICAL PLACES OF SLOVAKIA IN GOOGLE EARTH PART FOUR ( 4/5 )
Dama-May - Primal Drive by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (
Source:
Artist:
1. CASTLE SASOVSKY,ZIARNAD 48°34'44.52N 18°53'59.47E
2. TRINITARIAN CHURCH OF BRATISLAVA,BRATISLAVA
48° 8'45.92N 17° 6'22.54E
3. MARKUŠOVSKÝ CASTLE,MARKUSOVCE 48°54'56.90N 20°37'13.06E
4. PARISH CHURCH,MALACKY 48°26'25.98N 17° 0'43.04E
5. GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH,HUMENNE 48°56'23.21N 21°54'58.97E
6. BRATISLAVA'S CITY WALLS,BRATISLAVA 48° 8'35.62N 17° 6'15.39E
7. BECKOV CASTLE,BECKOV 48°47'27.20N 17°53'54.31E
8. ST.ELIZABETH CATHEDRAL,KOSICE 48°43'13.03N 21°15'29.34E
9. ST.JOHN THE BAPTIST CATHEDRAL,TRNAVA
48°22'51.23N 17°35'17.40E
10. BAROQUE PREMONSTRATENSIAN MONASTERY,JASOV
48°40'56.61N 20°58'2.10E
11. SLOVAKIA MUSEUM,BRATISLAVA 48° 8'24.81N 17° 6'47.87E
12. CASTLE ORAVA,ZILINA 49°15'44.13N 19°21'31.55E
13. CHURCH IN GAJARY,GAJARY 48°28'0.06N 16°55'26.83E
14. MUSEUM,NITRA 48°18'47.98N 18° 5'18.81E
15. PALFI'S CASTLE,MALACKY 48°26'23.57N 17° 1'52.29E
16. CHURCH-SHRINE OF DIVINE MERCY,SPISSKA NOVA VES
48°57'15.95N 20°31'56.09E
17. SYNAGOGA,MALACKY 48°26'14.55N 17° 1'15.14E
18. CLOCK TOWER,BANSKA 48°44'9.04N 19° 8'47.02E
19. ST. STEFAN CHURCH,BRATISLAVA 48° 8'43.37N 17° 6'17.76E
20. CITY HALL,SPISSKA NOVA VES 48°56'38.67N 20°34'2.19E
21. PRESIDENT'S PALACE OF SLOVAKIA,BRATISLAVA
48° 8'56.92N 17° 6'27.96E
22. CHURCH,BRATISLAVA 48°11'23.00N 17°15'30.13E
23. CASTLE TRENCIN 48°53'39.55N 18° 2'41.44E
24. FRANCISCAN CHURCH,MALACKY 48°26'9.42N 17° 1'8.18E
25. CASTLE LIKAVA,ZILINA 49° 6'19.71N 19°18'44.64E
Karlos Kirche, Vienna, Austria
Karlos Kirche, Karlos Church, Vienna, Austria
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:58 1 Holocaust
00:09:17 1.1 German Catholics and the Holocaust
00:27:33 2 Catholic Church in the Nazi Empire
00:27:44 2.1 Central Europe
00:46:08 2.2 Eastern Europe
01:08:56 2.3 Southern Europe
01:20:52 2.4 Western Europe
01:35:16 3 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Several Catholic countries and populations fell under Nazi domination during the period of the Second World War (1939–1945), and ordinary Catholics fought on both sides of the conflict. Despite efforts to protect its rights within Germany under a 1933 Reichskonkordat treaty, the Church in Germany had faced persecution in the years since Adolf Hitler had seized power, and Pope Pius XI accused the Nazi government of sowing 'fundamental hostility to Christ and his Church'. Pius XII became Pope on the eve of war and lobbied world leaders to prevent the outbreak of conflict. His first encyclical, Summi Pontificatus, called the invasion of Poland an hour of darkness. He affirmed the policy of Vatican neutrality, but maintained links to the German Resistance. Despite being the only world leader to publicly and specifically denounce Nazi crimes against Jews in his 1942 Christmas Address, controversy surrounding his apparent reluctance to speak frequently and in even more explicit terms about Nazi crimes continues. He used diplomacy to aid war victims, lobbied for peace, shared intelligence with the Allies, and employed Vatican Radio and other media to speak out against atrocities like race murders. In Mystici corporis Christi (1943) he denounced the murder of the handicapped. A denunciation from German bishops of the murder of the innocent and defenceless, including people of a foreign race or descent, followed.Hitler's invasion of Catholic Poland sparked the War. Nazi policy towards the Church was at its most severe in the areas it annexed to the Reich, such as the Czech and Slovene lands, Austria and Poland. In Polish territories it annexed to Greater Germany, the Nazis set about systematically dismantling the Church—arresting its leaders, exiling its clergymen, closing its churches, monasteries and convents. Many clergymen were murdered. Over 1800 Catholic Polish clergy died in concentration camps; most notably, Saint Maximilian Kolbe. Nazi security chief Reinhard Heydrich soon orchestrated an intensification of restrictions on church activities in Germany. Hitler and his ideologues Goebbels, Himmler, Rosenberg and Bormann hoped to de-Christianize Germany in the long term. With the expansion of the war in the East, expropriation of monasteries, convents and church properties surged from 1941. Clergy were persecuted and sent to concentration camps, religious Orders had their properties seized, some youth were sterilized. The first priest to die was Aloysius Zuzek. Bishop August von Galen's ensuing 1941 denunciation of Nazi euthanasia and defence of human rights roused rare popular dissent. The German bishops denounced Nazi policy towards the church in pastoral letters, calling it unjust oppression.From 1940, the Nazis gathered priest-dissidents in dedicated clergy barracks at Dachau, where (95%) of its 2,720 inmates were Catholic (mostly Poles, and 411 Germans), 1,034 died there. Mary Fulbrook wrote that when politics encroached on the church, German Catholics were prepared to resist, but the record was otherwise patchy and uneven with notable exceptions, it seems that, for many Germans, adherence to the Christian faith proved compatible with at least passive acquiescence in, if not active support for, the Nazi dictatorship. Influential members of the German Resistance included Jesuits of the Kreisau Circle and laymen such as July plotters Klaus von Stauffenberg, Jakob Kaiser and Bern ...
Restored church is a symbol of hope for Cyprus peace talks
(22 Jun 2017) LEAD IN:
A summit aiming to reach a breakthrough agreement reunifying the ethnically divided Mediterranean island nation of Cyprus will be held on June 28 in Geneva, Switzerland.
Cyprus was split into a breakaway Turkish Cypriot north and an internationally recognized south in 1974 when Turkey invaded following a coup by supporters of a union with Greece. Only the south enjoys membership rights in the U.N. and E.U.
In one northern village under Turkish control peace building is taking a rather literal form.
STORY-LINE:
After decades of silence, isolated inside a Turkish military camp, the bell of the Maronite Catholic Christian church of Ayia Marina, Skyllouras tolls once more.
Dozens of locals join Maronite Archbishop Joseph Soueif in celebrating mass at the 16th Century church to mark the completion of the European Union funded restoration work on the building.
Maronites still use a dialect of Aramaic in celebrating mass, the language of biblical times believed to have been used by Jesus Christ.
The restoration of the church is a symbol of restored hope that the divided island's two communities may be reconciled.
The tiny, east Mediterranean island was split in 1974 when Turkey invaded following a coup by supporters of a union with Greece. Ayia Marina's residents were forced to flee in the wake of fighting and the village has been in the hands of the Turkish army ever since.
The Turkish Cypriot authorities granted rare permission to proceed with the restoration work inside a Turkish military-controlled area, allowing Maronite residents to worship once again.
Maria Emmanuel, who was just a child during the conflict, recalls sheltering with other members of the community in the church.
When I was in the church now, I remember that when there was bombardment during the war, we all got into the church, and I have this images while I was there, of bomb around us and we ware in the church.
The Turkish military's presence in the village is still pronounced. Access to the village is still allowed only on specific dates and security is tight.
In March this year, Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci pledged to allow Ayia Marina residents to reclaim their homes and property within three months.
Mete Hatay from Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) Cyprus Centre says that although the upper part of the village has been demilitarized, Turkish forces continue to hold the lower part.
Reconstruction activities going on within the village, within the destruction. So, at the moment it's incomplete, but the hopes are higher now then ever, for the return .. Mr (President Mustafa) Ankinci said 3 months ago that - in 3 month time we will have the return allowed; opening of the village totally. I do not think that it will be realized in coming weeks, but soon enough I expect that the village will be open for its former settlers, for its former villagers.
This archive video shows Ayia Marina villagers, both Greek and Turkish Cypriots receiving food aid in 1964, when the island was on the brink of descending into an ethnic bloodbath.
Four years earlier, Cyprus had gained independence from Britain, but political tension plunged the fledgling republic into inter-communal violence between the Greek and Turkish communities.
The U.N. peacekeepers kept the two sides apart, until July 1974, when Turkey invaded Cyprus following a coup backed by the junta then ruling Greece, aimed at uniting the island with Greece.
Emmanuel says that after they fled the village, residents kept their memories of their homeland alive by naming every tree and road.
We have names for each plot, for each road, for each tree. And that connection is a strength.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
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the most beautiful church in slovenia !
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Popes Pius XI (1922–39) and Pius XII (1939–58) led the Roman Catholic Church through the rise and fall of Nazi Germany. Around a third of Germans were Catholic in the 1930s. The Church in Germany had spoken against the rise of Nazism, but the Catholic aligned Centre Party capitulated in 1933 and was banned. In the various 1933 elections the percentage of Catholics voting for the Nazis party was remarkably lower than the average. Nazi key ideologue Alfred Rosenberg was banned on the index of the Inquisition, presided by later pope Pius XII. Adolf Hitler and several key Nazis had been raised Catholic, but became hostile to the Church in adulthood. While Article 24 of the NSDAP party platform called for conditional toleration of Christian denominations and the 1933 Reichskonkordat treaty with the Vatican purported to guarantee religious freedom for Catholics, the Nazis were essentially hostile to Christianity and the Catholic Church faced persecution in Nazi Germany. Its press, schools and youth organisations were closed, much property confiscated and around one third of its clergy faced reprisals from authorities. Catholic lay leaders were targeted in the Night of the Long Knives purge. The Church hierarchy attempted to co-operate with the new government, but in 1937, the Papal Encyclical Mit brennender Sorge accused the government of fundamental hostility to the church.
Among the most courageous demonstrations of opposition inside Germany were the 1941 sermons of Bishop August von Galen of Münster. Nevertheless, wrote Alan Bullock [n]either the Catholic Church nor the Evangelical Church... as institutions, felt it possible to take up an attitude of open opposition to the regime. In every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews, but Catholic resistance to mistreatment of Jews in Germany was generally limited to fragmented and largely individual efforts. Mary Fulbrook wrote that when politics encroached on the church, Catholics were prepared to resist, but that the record was otherwise patchy and uneven, and that, with notable exceptions, it seems that, for many Germans, adherence to the Christian faith proved compatible with at least passive acquiescence in, if not active support for, the Nazi dictatorship.Catholics fought on both sides in the Second World War. Hitler's invasion of predominantly Catholic Poland ignited the conflict in 1939. Here, especially in the areas of Poland annexed to the Reich—as in other annexed regions of Slovenia and Austria—Nazi persecution of the church was intense. Many clergy were targeted for extermination. Through his links to the German Resistance, Pope Pius XII warned the Allies of the planned Nazi invasion of the Low Countries in 1940. From that year, the Nazis gathered priest-dissidents in a dedicated clergy barracks at Dachau, where 95 percent of its 2,720 inmates were Catholic (mostly Poles, and 411 Germans) and 1,034 priests died there. Expropriation of church properties surged from 1941.
The Vatican, surrounded by Fascist Italy, was officially neutral during the war, but used diplomacy to aid victims and lobby for peace. Vatican Radio and other media spoke out against atrocities. While Nazi antisemitism embraced modern pseudo-scientific racial principles, ancient antipathies between Christianity and Judaism contributed to European antisemitism. During the Nazi era, the church rescued many thousands of Jews by issuing false documents, lobbying Axis officials, hiding them in monasteries, convents, schools and elsewhere; including in the Vatican and papal residence at Castel Gandolfo. The Pope's role during this period is contested. The Reich Security Main Office called Pius XII a mouthpiece of the Jews. His first encyclical, Summi Pontificatus, called the invasion of Poland an hour of darkness, his 1942 Christmas address denounced race murders and his Mystici corporis Christi encyclical (1943) denounc ...
History of Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Slovakia
00:00:06 1 Prehistory
00:01:08 2 Antiquity
00:04:34 3 Medieval history
00:04:44 3.1 New migrations
00:06:02 3.2 Arrival of the Slavs
00:09:12 3.3 Avar Khaganate
00:15:07 3.4 Principality of Nitra
00:17:52 3.5 Great Moravia
00:21:53 3.6 High Middle Ages
00:22:02 3.6.1 Settlement of Hungarians in the 10th century
00:25:42 3.6.2 iTercia pars regni/i or Principality of Nitra (11th century)
00:29:50 3.6.3 Mongol invasion (1241-1242)
00:31:21 3.6.4 Development of counties and towns
00:37:04 3.6.5 Period of the oligarchs (1290–1321)
00:39:31 3.7 Late Middle Ages (14–15th centuries)
00:42:49 4 Modern Era
00:42:58 4.1 Early Modern Period
00:43:07 4.1.1 Habsburg and Ottoman administration
00:46:00 4.2 Late Modern Period
00:46:09 4.2.1 Slovak National Movement
00:47:49 4.2.2 Hungarian Revolution of 1848
00:49:39 4.2.3 Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
00:55:00 4.2.4 Czechoslovakia
00:55:09 4.2.4.1 Formation of Czechoslovakia
00:57:01 4.2.4.2 First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
01:02:03 4.2.4.3 Towards autonomy of Slovakia (1938–1939)
01:03:40 4.2.5 World War II
01:06:34 4.2.6 Czechoslovakia after World War II
01:09:12 4.2.7 Velvet Revolution (1989)
01:11:04 5 Contemporary Period
01:11:14 5.1 Independent Slovakia
01:16:48 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia.
Catholic higher education | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Catholic higher education
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.
By definition, Catholic canon law states that A Catholic school is understood to be one which is under control of the competent ecclesiastical authority or of a public ecclesiastical juridical person, or one which in a written document is acknowledged as Catholic by the ecclesiastical authority (Can. 803). Although some schools are deemed Catholic because of their identity and a great number of students enrolled are Catholics, it is also stipulated in canon law that no school, even if it is in fact Catholic, may bear the title 'Catholic school' except by the consent of the competent ecclesiastical authority (Can. 803 §3).
The Dominican Order was the first order instituted by the Church with an academic mission, founding studia conventualia in every convent of the order, and studia generalia at the early European universities such as the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. In Europe, most universities with medieval history were founded as Catholic. Many of them were rescinded to government authourities in the Modern era. Some, however, remained Catholic, while new ones were established alongside the public ones. The Catholic Church is still the largest non-governmental provider of higher education in the world. Many of them are still internationally competitive. According to the census of the Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education, the total number of Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world is 1,358. On the other hand, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops counts it at 1,861. The Catholic religious order with the highest number of universities around the world today is the Society of Jesus with 114.Like other private schools, Catholic universities and colleges are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of religious affiliation, nationality, ethnicity, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and rules and regulations are obeyed for a fruitful life on campus. However, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may or may not participate in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.
Vienna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vienna
00:03:30 1 Etymology
00:04:55 2 History
00:05:03 2.1 Early history
00:07:08 2.2 Austro-Hungarian Empire and the early 20th century
00:09:14 2.3 Anschluss and World War II
00:10:27 2.4 Four-power Vienna
00:13:29 2.5 Austrian State Treaty and afterwards
00:14:58 3 Demographics
00:17:00 3.1 Religion
00:18:34 4 Geography and climate
00:20:36 5 Districts and enlargement
00:24:38 6 Politics
00:24:46 6.1 Political history
00:26:57 6.2 Government
00:28:44 7 Economy
00:31:25 7.1 Research and development
00:32:28 7.2 Information technologies
00:33:51 7.3 Tourism and conferences
00:34:59 8 Rankings
00:36:22 9 Urban development
00:36:31 9.1 Central Railway Station
00:37:15 9.2 Aspern
00:37:48 9.3 Smart City
00:38:42 10 Culture
00:38:51 10.1 Music, theatre and opera
00:42:04 10.2 Actors from Vienna
00:42:19 10.3 Musicians from Vienna
00:43:05 10.4 Famous Jewish cultural figures from Vienna
00:43:44 10.5 Museums
00:45:59 10.6 Architecture
00:48:39 10.7 Vienna balls
00:49:57 11 Education
00:50:14 11.1 Universities
00:51:13 11.2 International schools
00:51:48 12 Leisure activities
00:51:57 12.1 Parks and gardens
00:53:22 12.2 Sport
00:55:22 13 Culinary specialities
00:55:32 13.1 Food
00:57:47 13.2 Drinks
00:59:10 13.3 Viennese cafés
01:00:29 14 Tourist attractions
01:02:07 15 Transportation
01:03:32 16 International relations
01:03:42 16.1 International organisations in Vienna
01:05:38 16.2 Charitable organisations in Vienna
01:06:23 16.3 International City Cooperations
01:06:47 16.4 District to district partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] (listen)) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primate city, with a population of about 1.9 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst – Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot. For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna fir ...
Vienna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vienna
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] (listen)) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primate city, with a population of about 1.9 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst – Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot. For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual Quality of Living survey of hundreds of cities around the world, a title the city still held in 2016. Monocle's 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within.The UN-Habitat classified Vienna as the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008, and sixth globally (out of 256 cities) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index, which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas: culture, infrastructure, and markets. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners.Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions. It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year.
Vienna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vienna
00:03:30 1 Etymology
00:04:55 2 History
00:05:04 2.1 Early history
00:07:09 2.2 Austro-Hungarian Empire and the early 20th century
00:09:16 2.3 Anschluss and World War II
00:10:29 2.4 Four-power Vienna
00:13:31 2.5 Austrian State Treaty and afterwards
00:15:01 3 Demographics
00:17:04 3.1 Religion
00:18:38 4 Geography and climate
00:20:40 5 World Heritage in Danger
00:22:11 6 Districts and enlargement
00:26:13 7 Politics
00:26:22 7.1 Political history
00:28:33 7.2 Government
00:30:20 8 Economy
00:33:02 8.1 Research and development
00:34:04 8.2 Information technologies
00:35:28 8.3 Tourism and conferences
00:36:35 9 Rankings
00:37:59 10 Urban development
00:38:09 10.1 Central Railway Station
00:38:52 10.2 Aspern
00:39:25 10.3 Smart City
00:40:20 11 Culture
00:40:29 11.1 Music, theatre and opera
00:43:42 11.2 Actors from Vienna
00:43:57 11.3 Musicians from Vienna
00:44:44 11.4 Famous Jewish cultural figures from Vienna
00:45:23 11.5 Museums
00:47:39 11.6 Architecture
00:50:19 11.7 Vienna balls
00:51:36 12 Education
00:51:54 12.1 Universities
00:52:54 12.2 International schools
00:53:28 13 Leisure activities
00:53:38 13.1 Parks and gardens
00:55:03 13.2 Sport
00:57:04 14 Culinary specialities
00:57:13 14.1 Food
00:59:29 14.2 Drinks
01:00:53 14.3 Viennese cafés
01:02:12 15 Tourist attractions
01:03:50 16 Transportation
01:05:16 17 International relations
01:05:26 17.1 International organisations in Vienna
01:07:21 17.2 Charitable organisations in Vienna
01:08:07 17.3 International City Cooperations
01:08:31 17.4 District to district partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] (listen)) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primate city, with a population of about 1.9 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst – Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot. For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource- ...
Vienna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vienna
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] (listen)) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primate city, with a population of about 1.9 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst – Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot. For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual Quality of Living survey of hundreds of cities around the world, a title the city still held in 2016. Monocle's 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within.The UN-Habitat classified Vienna as the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008, and sixth globally (out of 256 cities) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index, which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas: culture, infrastructure, and markets. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners.Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions. It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year.
Prague | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:09 1 History
00:02:32 1.1 Early history
00:06:00 1.2 The era of Charles IV
00:10:34 1.3 Habsburg era
00:14:32 1.4 20th century
00:14:41 1.4.1 First Czechoslovak Republic
00:15:12 1.4.2 Second World War
00:17:05 1.4.3 Cold War
00:18:17 1.5 After Velvet Revolution
00:19:26 2 Name
00:20:59 3 Geography
00:21:25 3.1 Climate
00:22:44 4 Administration
00:22:54 4.1 Administrative division
00:24:08 4.2 City government
00:24:28 5 Population
00:25:16 6 Culture
00:28:43 6.1 Cuisine
00:30:33 7 Economy
00:34:48 8 Tourism
00:34:57 8.1 Important destination
00:36:07 8.2 Main attractions
00:36:16 8.2.1 Hradčany and Lesser Town (Malá Strana)
00:36:26 8.2.2 Old Town (Staré Město) and Josefov
00:36:36 8.2.3 New Town (Nové Město)
00:36:45 8.2.4 Vinohrady and Žižkov
00:36:54 8.2.5 Other places
00:37:02 9 Education
00:37:17 9.1 Public universities
00:37:26 9.2 Public arts academies
00:37:35 9.3 Some private colleges
00:37:44 9.4 International institutions
00:37:54 10 Science, research and hi-tech centres
00:39:22 11 Transport
00:39:31 11.1 Public transportation
00:41:54 11.1.1 Prague Metro
00:43:56 11.2 Roads
00:45:30 11.3 Rail
00:46:30 11.4 Air
00:47:21 11.5 Cycling
00:48:10 12 Sport
00:48:24 13 International relations
00:49:36 13.1 Twin towns
00:49:44 13.2 Namesakes
00:50:17 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9542070208162134
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Prague (; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa] (listen), German: Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million. The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque eras, Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably of Charles IV (r. 1346–1378).
It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia, during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era.Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. Also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.Prague is classified as a Alpha − global city according to GaWC studies and ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome.
Prague | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:52 1 History
00:03:19 1.1 Early history
00:07:55 1.2 The era of Charles IV
00:14:00 1.3 Habsburg era
00:19:21 1.4 20th century
00:19:30 1.4.1 First Czechoslovak Republic
00:20:10 1.4.2 Second World War
00:22:40 1.4.3 Cold War
00:24:16 1.5 After Velvet Revolution
00:25:48 2 Name
00:28:21 3 Geography
00:28:52 3.1 Climate
00:30:38 4 Administration
00:30:48 4.1 Administrative division
00:32:28 4.2 City government
00:32:51 5 Population
00:33:54 6 Culture
00:38:31 6.1 Cuisine
00:40:57 7 Economy
00:46:54 8 Tourism
00:47:03 8.1 Important destination
00:48:37 8.2 Main attractions
00:48:46 8.2.1 Hradčany and Lesser Town (Malá Strana)
00:48:57 8.2.2 Old Town (Staré Město) and Josefov
00:49:08 8.2.3 New Town (Nové Město)
00:49:17 8.2.4 Vinohrady and Žižkov
00:49:26 8.2.5 Other places
00:49:34 9 Education
00:49:52 9.1 Public universities
00:50:01 9.2 Public arts academies
00:50:11 9.3 Some private colleges
00:50:20 9.4 International institutions
00:50:30 10 Science, research and hi-tech centres
00:52:25 11 Transport
00:52:34 11.1 Public transportation
00:55:50 11.1.1 Prague Metro
00:58:31 11.2 Roads
01:00:37 11.3 Rail
01:01:54 11.4 Air
01:03:00 11.5 Cycling
01:04:03 12 Sport
01:04:18 13 International relations
01:05:50 13.1 Twin towns
01:05:59 13.2 Namesakes
01:06:40 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7972660834567826
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Prague (; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa] (listen)) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million. The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque eras, Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably of Charles IV (r. 1346–1378).
It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia, during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era.Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. Also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.Prague is classified as an Alpha − global city according to GaWC studies and ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fourth most visited European city after London, Paris and Rome.
Art Nouveau | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:04 1 Naming
00:05:49 2 History
00:05:58 2.1 Influences
00:09:19 2.2 Origins of Art Nouveau – Brussels (1893–1898)
00:13:54 2.3 Paris – Maison de l'Art Nouveau (1895)
00:15:29 2.4 Paris iExposition Universelle/i (1900)
00:18:02 3 Local variations
00:18:12 3.1 Art Nouveau in France
00:21:13 3.2 Art Nouveau in Belgium
00:23:49 3.3 iNieuwe Stijl/i in the Netherlands
00:27:01 3.4 Modern Style and Glasgow School in Britain
00:30:11 3.5 iJugendstil/i in Germany
00:34:29 3.6 Secession in Austria-Hungary
00:34:39 3.6.1 Vienna Secession
00:37:38 3.6.2 Hungarian iSzecesszió/i
00:41:17 3.6.3 Other variations
00:43:27 3.7 iStile Liberty/i in Italy
00:45:18 3.8 iModernismo/i in Spain
00:49:39 3.9 iArte Nova/i in Portugal
00:51:01 3.10 iJugendstil/i in the Nordic countries
00:51:11 3.10.1 Finland
00:53:11 3.10.2 Norway
00:54:22 3.10.3 Sweden and Denmark
00:54:59 3.11 iModern/i in Russia
00:59:00 3.12 iJūgendstils/i (Art Nouveau in Riga)
01:00:39 3.13 iStyle Sapin/i in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
01:01:26 3.14 iTiffany Style/i and Louis Sullivan in the United States
01:04:44 3.15 Art Nouveau in Argentina
01:06:17 3.16 Art Nouveau in the rest of the world
01:07:45 4 Characteristics
01:11:14 5 Relationship with contemporary styles and movements
01:13:00 6 Genres
01:13:26 6.1 Posters and graphic art
01:16:12 6.2 Painting
01:18:25 6.3 Glass art
01:21:53 6.4 Metal art
01:23:06 6.5 Jewellery
01:25:36 6.6 Architecture and ornamentation
01:29:03 6.7 Sculpture
01:30:09 6.8 Furniture
01:35:25 6.9 Ceramics
01:38:31 6.9.1 Mosaics
01:38:59 6.10 Textiles and wallpaper
01:41:07 7 Museums
01:42:12 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8638567520618012
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Art Nouveau (; French: [aʁ nuvo]) is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, known in different languages by different names: Jugendstil in German, Stile Liberty in Italian, Modernisme in Catalan, etc. In English it is also known as the Modern Style (not to be confused with Modernism and Modern architecture). The style was most popular between 1890 and 1910. It was a reaction against the academic art, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decoration. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash curves, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces. One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics, jewelry and metal work. The style responded to leading 19-century theoreticians, such as French architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) and British art critic John Ruskin (1819–1900). In Britain, it was influenced by William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement. German architects and designers sought a spiritually uplifting Gesamtkunstwerk (“total work of art”) that would unify the architecture, furnishings, and art in the interior in a common style, to uplift and inspire the residents.The first Art Nouveau houses and interior decoration appeared in Brussels in the 1890s, in the architecture and interior design of houses designed by Paul Hankar, Henry Van de Velde, and especially Victor Horta, whose Hôtel Tassel was completed in 1893. It moved quickly to Paris, where it was adapted by Hector Guimard, who saw Horta's work in Brussels and applied the style for the entrances of the new Paris Metro. It reached its peak at the 1900 Paris Internationa ...
Oratory of Saint Philip Neri | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Oratory of Saint Philip Neri
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri is a pontifical society of apostolic life of Catholic priests and lay-brothers who live together in a community bound together by no formal vows but only with the bond of charity. They are commonly referred to as Oratorians (Oratorian Fathers). This Congregation of the Oratory should not be confused with the French Oratory, a distinct congregation, the Society of the Oratory of Jesus (Société de l'Oratoire de Jésus), founded by Pierre de Bérulle in 1611 in Paris.
Founded in Rome (then capital of the Papal States) in 1575 by St. Philip Neri, today it has spread around the world, with over 70 Oratories and some 500 priests. The post-nominal initials commonly used to identify members of the society are C.O. (Congregatio Oratorii). The abbreviation Cong. Orat. is also used.
Unlike a religious institute (the members of which take vows and are answerable to a central authority) or a monastery (the monks of which are likewise bound by vows in a community that may itself be autonomous and answerable directly to the Pope), the Oratorians are made up of members who commit themselves to membership in a particular, independent, self-governing local community (an Oratory, usually named for the place in which it is located: e.g., Birmingham Oratory, Oxford Oratory, Brooklyn Oratory) without actually taking vows, an unusual and innovative arrangement created by St. Philip. Normally an oratory must have a minimum of four members, two being ordained, in order to be founded. If a group of men seeks to establish an oratory, they may apply to do so, going through the proper diocesan channels; during the process of formation a member (or members) of a well-established oratory resides in the community to facilitate every aspect of the proposed foundation.
Prague | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Prague
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Prague (; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa] (listen), German: Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million. The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque eras, Prague was the capital of the kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably of Charles IV (r. 1346–1378).
It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia, during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era.Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. Also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.Prague is classified as a Beta+ global city according to GaWC studies and ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome.
Prague | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Prague
00:02:19 1 History
00:02:43 1.1 Early history
00:06:25 1.2 The era of Charles IV
00:11:15 1.3 Habsburg era
00:15:30 1.4 20th century
00:15:39 1.4.1 First Czechoslovak Republic
00:16:11 1.4.2 Second World War
00:18:11 1.4.3 Cold War
00:19:27 1.5 After Velvet Revolution
00:20:39 2 Name
00:22:17 3 Geography
00:22:44 3.1 Climate
00:24:08 4 Administration
00:24:17 4.1 Administrative division
00:25:35 4.2 City government
00:25:56 5 Population
00:26:48 6 Culture
00:30:31 6.1 Cuisine
00:32:30 7 Economy
00:37:04 8 Tourism
00:37:12 8.1 Important destination
00:38:27 8.2 Main attractions
00:38:36 8.2.1 Hradčany and Lesser Town (Malá Strana)
00:38:46 8.2.2 Old Town (Staré Město) and Josefov
00:38:56 8.2.3 New Town (Nové Město)
00:39:06 8.2.4 Vinohrady and Žižkov
00:39:14 8.2.5 Other places
00:39:22 9 Education
00:39:38 9.1 Public universities
00:39:47 9.2 Public arts academies
00:39:56 9.3 Some private colleges
00:40:05 9.4 International institutions
00:40:14 10 Science, research and hi-tech centres
00:41:48 11 Transport
00:41:57 11.1 Public transportation
00:44:33 11.1.1 Prague Metro
00:46:42 11.2 Roads
00:48:23 11.3 Rail
00:49:27 11.4 Air
00:50:24 11.5 Cycling
00:51:16 12 Sport
00:51:30 13 International relations
00:52:46 13.1 Twin towns
00:52:54 13.2 Namesakes
00:53:29 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Prague (; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa] (listen), German: Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million. The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque eras, Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably of Charles IV (r. 1346–1378).
It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia, during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era.Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. Also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.Prague is classified as a Alpha − global city according to GaWC studies and ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome.