The 5th Century Citadel of Erzurum, Turkey
This ancient citadel has been inhabited by the Urartians, Romans, Byzantine Empire and Sassanions (whoever they are -- any relation to Vidal Sassoon?) Oh yes. And then the Turks from the 11th century on.
The original citadel/castle had inner and outer citadels with huge walls circling the entire expanse. Travels With Sheila roamed the grounds, visiting the small masjid (prayer hall) built for soldiers, different layers of strata - some with human bones sticking out (possibly from the Turkey/Armenian clash) and soaked up the ambiance. Time to move on East...
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Exploring Erzurum - Turkey
Discovering the city of Erzurum - Turkey, forts, parks and incredible scenery.
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Turkey/Kars (Citadel) Kalesi Part 2
Welcome to my travelchannel.On my channel you can find almost 1000 films of more than 70 countries.
See the playlist on my youtube channel.Enjoy!
Kars Citadel
The Castle of Kars (Turkish: Kars Kalesi) is a former fortification located in Kars, Turkey. It is also known under the name Iç Kale (Central/Inner Castle, Citadel).
It was built in 1153 by Vizier Firuz Akay commissioned by Saltuk Sultan Malik Izzeddin Saltuk II. The outer walls surrounding the city were built in the 12th century. The castle, which was destroyed by Timur in 1386, was rebuilt again in 1579 by Lala Mustafa Pasha, who came to Kars ordered by the Ottoman Sultan Murat III.
It is said in the Ottoman sources that the castle was rebuilt with the help of one hundred thousand soldiers and workers. In 1606, the castle was destroyed by the Iranian Shah Abbas I, and in 1616 and in 1636 it was restored twice and new elements were added to it. The castle was hugely damaged after the occupation of the Russians after the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, and partially changed after 40 years of occupation. The walls of the Castle of Kars were made of basalt masonry.
The castle consisted of two sections, the internal and the external castles. The external walls were made of five layers. In addition, there were deep trenches made in front of it. The main castle looks to the east. The planning of the walls of the external castle is not quite quadrangle. The length of the castle's perimeter makes 3,500 m (11,500 ft), it was supported with 22 watchtowers, of which only seven remained intact until today.
The length of the internal castle makes 250 m (820 ft) in the east-west direction, and about 90 m (300 ft) in the north-south direction. The castle has four gates. The Su Kapısı (literally: Water Gate) or Çeribaşı Kapısı is situated in the west, Kagizman Kapısı orta Orta Kapı in the south and Behram Kapı in the east. The main gate located in the north opens up to a chasm in front of the castle.The castle's watchtower can be accessed by climbing the stairs or along the stone paved road.Just inside the main entrance is a shrine containing the tomb of Jelal Baba who died during the Mongolilan invasion in 1239. Within the castle are military lodgings, an ammunition depot, and a small mosque that was rebuilt in the 1990s.
Today, the castle is administered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
In 2005, the castle hosted a music concert by Turkish pop singer Sezen Aksu attended by around 25,000 people.
During the Islamic fasting month of Ramadan in 2011, a Mevlevi Sama ceremony was held for the first time at the castle.
The Taşköprü (Stone Bridge) is a bridge over the Kars river, built in 1725. Close to the bridge are three old bath-houses, none of them operating any longer.Wikipedia
Old Houses and Tombs in Erzurum, Turkey
Ezurum is a conservative town, located on a plateau in the Kackar Mountains. Its origins date back to 3000 BC when it caravan routes from Anatolia to Persia (modern day Iran) criss-crossed Eastern Anatolia. There are three important sights in Ezurum, One on this video with the others to follow in subsequent videos. They are: three (3) 12th century tombs; a Twin Minaret Medresa and old Citadel.
Our exploration began by walking past 100+ year old houses that were built with the Turkish version of what is now Thermopane windows on the way to Seljuk tombs. Remember...everything old is new again?... The Turks built two sets of windows, one behind the other in thick walls to keep out the bitter, winter cold.
It isn't known who is buried in two of the three attractive tombs but Emir Sultan Saltuk is buried in the eight-sided tomb that even had Chinese touches to it! Amazing...
The Twin Minaret Medresa, Erzurum Turkey
The Twin Minaret Medresa (a school for Islamic religious instruction) was more interesting on the outside than inside. Alcoves carved to resemble tents and stalactites. A double-headed eagle (symbol of Erzurum along with many other Balkan countries in medieval times) and dragon heads.
Once a Koranic School, the two minarets were covered in pieces of turquoise (bits and bob remaining) that brought back memories of both Samarkand and Kiva in the Stans. A beautiful example of 19th century architecture...
Ankara Turkey citadel
Video of the citadel area of Ankara
Turkey Erzurum
Erzurum, a predominantly Armenian city during Ottoman days, is in the northeast interior of Anatolia and has the reputation of being the coldest city during Turkey's winters. Its residents tend to be even more conservative and religious than other provincial towns. Throughout Turkey, the muezzin's call to prayer five times a day is a delightful reminder of the Moslem tradition. In Erzurum, there are so many muezzins competing with each other that the sound is a cacophony. Scenes taken in 2004 include the Rustem Paşa Kervansaray (a medieval han, now a jewelers market), the Çifte Minareli Medrese (a medrese is a religious school) built by the Seljuks in the 13th Century, the Ulu Camii (Great Mosque) built in 1179, the citadel built by the Byzantines in the 5th Century that commands the surrounding plains, and the Yakutiye Medrese (built 1310), now a local museum.
Idil & Nedim Uludag Snowboarding Vacation Video - Turkey
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North-East of Turkey (2019) Day 5 Erzurum - Artvin
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MONTAÑAS DE TURQUIA: ARSAMEIA, DIYARBAKIR Y ERZURUM
Qué ver en Turquía: Arsameia, Diyarbakir y Erzurum en autocaravana. Recorremos ciudades a más de 2000 metro de altitud, encontramo un lugar como Escocia en el este de Turquía y nos quedamos atascados subiendo la montaña Nemrut Dagi.
Visitamos Erzurum, una ciudad con grandes influencias armenias y repleta de madrasas.
¡Si te ha gustado el vídeo, visita nuestro blog!
zaranomad.com
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YouTube ,Turkey ,Erzurum Turkey ,Erzurum Turkey - Tanya Romanyshyn
Nord-East of Turkey (2019) Day 3 Dogubayazit, Ararat, Kars
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ETC9. FMD real time training course in Erzurum, Turkey
The etc 9, by Adel Benyoussef
Turkey-Van Fortress (The Citadel of Van) Part 31
Welcome to my travelchannel.On my channel you can find almost 1000 films of more than 70 countries. See the playlist on my youtube channel.Enjoy!
Van Citadel:
The Fortress of Van is a massive stone fortification built by the ancient kingdom of Urartu during the 9th to 7th centuries BC, and is the largest example of its kind. It overlooks the ruins of Tushpa the ancient Urartian capital during the 9th century which was centered upon the steep-sided bluff where the fortress now sits. A number of similar fortifications were built throughout the Urartian kingdom, usually cut into hillsides and outcrops in places where modern-day Armenia, Turkey and Iran meet. Successive groups such as the Armenians, Romans, Medes, Achaemenid and Sassanid Persians, Arabs, Seljuks, Ottomans and Russians each controlled the fortress at one time or another. The ancient fortress is located just west of Van and east of Lake Van in the Van Province of Turkey.
The lower parts of the walls of Van Citadel were constructed of unmortared basalt, while the rest was built from mud-bricks.
Such fortresses were used for regional control, rather than as a defense against foreign armies. The ruins of this fortress sit outside the modern city of Van, where they support walls built in the medieval era.A stereotyped trilingual inscription of Xerxes the Great from the 5th century BC is inscribed upon a smoothed section of the rock face, some 20 meters (60 feet) above the ground near the fortress. The niche was originally carved out by Xerxes' father King Darius, but left the surface blank. The inscription survives in near perfect condition and is divided into three columns of 27 lines written in (from left to right) Old Persian, Babylonian, and Elamite. It is the only Achaemenid royal inscription located outside of Iran. Other cuneiform inscriptions are typically off limits unless to large tour groups. It states that: A great god is Ahuramazda, the greatest of gods, who created this earth, who created that sky, who created man, who created happiness for man, who made Xerxes king, one king for all, one ruler for all.
I am Xerxes, the great king, the king of kings, king of all kinds of peoples with all kinds of origins, king of this earth great and wide, the son of king Darius, the Achaemenid.
King Xerxes says: King Darius, my father, by the grace of Ahuramazda built much that was good, and he gave orders to dig this niche out, but because he did not make an inscription, I ordered this inscription to be made.
May Ahuramazda and the other gods protect me, my kingdom, and what I have made.
When it was published by Eugène Burnouf in 1836, through his realization that it included a list of the satrapies of Darius (repeated by Xerxes in nearly identical language), he was able to identify and publish an alphabet of thirty letters, most of which he had correctly deciphered. Burnouf's reading of the Van trilingual inscription had made a significant contribution to the deciphering of Old Persian cuneiform.
Turkey/Erzurum City Centre,(Yakutiye Square) Part 2
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See the playlist on my youtube channel.Enjoy!
Erzurum is a city in eastern Anatolia (Asian Turkey). It is the largest city in and eponymous capital of Erzurum Province. It is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 361,235 in the 2000 census, increasing to 367,250 by 2010.As Ancient Theodosiopolis in Armenia (or - in Cappadocia), the former bishopric remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
Erzurum, known as The Rock in NATO code, served as NATO's southeastern-most air force post during the Cold War. The city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period.Erzurum has some of the finest winter sports facilities in Turkey and hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade.
One of the largest source of income and economic activity in the city has been Atatürk University. Established in 1950, it is one of the largest universities in Turkey, having more than forty-thousand students. Tourism also provides a portion of the province's revenues. The city is a popular destination in Turkey for winter sports at the nearby Palandöken Mountain.
Erzurum is notable for the small-scale production of objects crafted from Oltu stone: most are sold as souvenirs and include prayer beads, bracelets, necklaces, brooches, earrings and hairclips.
For now, Erzurum is the ending point of the South Caucasus Pipeline, also called the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum (BTE) pipeline. Erzurum will also be the starting point of the planned Nabucco pipeline which will carry natural gas from the Caspian Sea basin to the European Union member states. The intergovernmental agreement between Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Austria to build the Nabucco pipeline was signed by five Prime Ministers on 13 July 2009 in Ankara. The European Union was represented at the ceremony by the President of the European Commission Jose Manuel Barroso and the Commissioner for Energy Andris Piebalgs, while the United States was represented by the Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy Richard Morningstar and the Ranking Member of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Senator Richard Lugar.
Little of medieval Erzurum survives beyond scattered individual buildings such as the citadel fortress, and the 13th century Çifte Minareli Medrese (the Twin Minaret madrasa). Visitors may also wish to visit the Çobandede Bridge, which dates back to late 13th century.
Six kilometres to the south of the center of Erzurum is an important skiing center on the Palandöken Mountain range. There are several ski runs; the south ski run is 8 km long, while the north ski run is intended for advanced skiers. The summit of Mt. Palandöken, which is called Büyük Ejder (Great Dragon), is at an altitude of 3188 metres. It can be reached with a chair lift which rises to an altitude of 3100 metres.Wikipedia
Invitation to Pray for Turkey
Last year while attending a conference in Istanbul, I had the opportunity to visit the Hagia Sofia.
Considering its history, I felt called to pray for the nation of Turkey.
Here's my brief invitation to pray!
Ankara Fortress and Citadel Part 2 Turkey November 2013
ERZURUM TURKEY
ERZURUMUN KISADA OLSA GUZEL BIR SARKIYLA
TANITIMI HUSAMETTIN CEYLANA TESEKKURLER
TUM GUBETCILERE SAYGILAR
Turkey/Kars Republic district (Cumhuriyet Mahallesi) Part 6
Welcome to my travelchannel.On my channel you can find almost 1000 films of more than 70 countries.
See the playlist on my youtube channel.Enjoy!
Fethiye Mosque,Kars:
The Fethiye Mosque in Kars province center was built as a church during the occupation of Kars by Russia in the beginning of XIX. Kilisenin 15-10 m. a Russian monument was erected in the south. After the liberation of Kars, the community was turned.
Fethiye Mosque is made of cut stone in a rectangular plan. On the eastern edge of Yap Yap there are two sections, right and left. In this section, which is ascended by a six-step staircase, gates are provided between columns to provide access to the interior. These sections have been made more movable by placing the right and left columns of the door entrances and the windows there. At the same time there are deaf arches here. On the western entrance of the building was added a roof with three windows higher than the roof. In the roof sections above the northern and southern doors, deaf belts in the appearance of alfalfa leaves and pointed arched sections that are incompatible with the architecture of that period exhibit an extremely moving appearance on the facade.
On the north, south and west sides of the structure there are more than 1 m of stepped sections overlain by roofs. Between the outer walls of the building and the roof, the roofs with four pointed arched windows were opened. There are four chimneys at the corners of the top hood, where they join the roof. The structure of the roof sections, the finished embossed ornamental lace circumferentially surrounds it as just below. Due to the coldness of Kars, a heating chamber was added to the north side of the building.
The temple of worship has been partly repaired and turned away from its originality after it has been converted to the mosque. The interior is covered with a wide ceiling and decorated with geometric ornaments. There is a balconies arrangement that surrounds the interior all around. In addition, one of them was carried to the place of worship in the appearance of a lodge.
Two pieces of minaret were added on both sides of this building which is used as a mosque today, on a stone pedestal, with round body stone and two honorable ones.