Residence Inn Temple - Temple - United States
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Welcome to the new Marriott Residence Inn in Temple, Texas. This hotel in Temple TX, nestled in the heart of Central Texas, is conveniently located just minutes from the City of Belton and historic shopping in Salado. While staying at our Temple, Texas hotel, visit the Railroad & Heritage museum or the Czech Heritage museum. This hotel in Temple TX is a short distance from world class medical facilities including Scott & White, Kings Daughters, and Veterans Affairs and is also near the University of Mary Hardin Baylor, Bell County Expo and the Mayborn Convention Center. Start your day at this Temple Texas hotel with a complimentary Home Touch hot breakfast buffet and end the day at our evening social Monday - Thursday, relaxing poolside, or barbequing at our grilling pavilion. Relax in your spacious suite with a fully equipped kitchen or get some work done with the free high speed internet access. At this Temple Texas hotel pets are allowed! Come enjoy the Marriott Residence Inn in Temple, Texas!
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Temple Texas/Consumer Credit/Credit Builder/Bad Credit Affects Your Life
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Consumer credit allows consumers to get an advance or loan to spend money on products or services for family, household or personal uses repaid at a specified future date. Consumer credit includes purchases obtained with credit cards, lines of credit and some loans. The main advantage of consumer credit is that consumers can purchase goods and services and pay for them later. Consumers can purchase items they need when their funds are low. Consumer credit offers a backup form of payment and one monthly payment. Better Qualified offers the perfect credit management of customer’s credit score. It can determine their interest rates, insurance premiums and dream job.
Here you can find the full list of Credits This subsector of Finance and insurance called Monetary authorities comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing central banking functions, such as issuing currency (paper money); managing the nation's money supply and international reserves; overseeing payment, clearing and settlement systems; holding deposits that represent the reserves of other banks and institutions; and acting as fiscal agent for the federal government. The institutional arrangements for performing these functions and for conducting monetary policy may differ among the countries. In Canada, these functions are performed by the Bank of Canada, in Mexico by the Bank of Mexico, and in the United States by the Federal Reserve Banks and their branches. Better Qualified has helped thousands build, manage, and monitor their credit since 2006. Our staff of credit experts works diligently to help people build credit through secured credit cards. Secured credit cards require that people put a down payment as collateral, so that they can build their credit risk free. Better Qualified has developed a proven credit management program that will help you manage your credit and save money. The Better Qualified credit management process guarantees the best results. Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. As of 2016 the city has a population of 72,277 according to a US census estimate. Located near the county seat of Belton, Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas and is a principal city in the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. The metro region has a population of 450,051. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles (105 km) north of Austin and 34 miles (55 km) south of Waco.
Temple has developed as a small city with a number of arts and retail amenities not typically associated with a smaller community. The primary economic drivers are the extensive medical community (mostly due to Scott & White Memorial Hospital) and goods distribution based on its central location and proximity to larger cities, such as Austin and Waco. Paul Oster, the founder and the president of Better Qualified talks with News 12 about Anthem Security Breach and what everyone should know about it. It's been more than a year since health insurer Anthem disclosed what was by far the largest data breach in healthcare history, yet almost nothing further is known about the causes, costs and ramifications of the breach. The source of Anthem's breach has not been identified, although some reports have linked it to Chinese hackers. The FBI did not respond to a request for comment. However, it seems Anthem would want to disclose more information publicly, given its merger target, Cigna, previously held reservations about the effects of the data breach.
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Temple Texas-Consumer Credit-Credit Builder-How Facebook Can Hurt Your Credit Score
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Our team of credit experts has an excellent experience in helping people manage and build their credit. With the help of consumer credit, thousands of people have achieved financial freedom. We firmly believe our results speak for themselves. We find personal approach to every our client. We take into account your individual needs. As we always strive to be the best, we have the most knowledgeable, helpful and results-driven professionals in the industry. Better Qualified helps you to gain financial freedom through various credit products, such as, managing your credit with 100% legal, effective and time-tested methods; building new credit with secured credit cards; monitoring your credit to protect against identity theft. Here is a full list of video credits A financial export is a financial service provided by a domestic firm (regardless of ownership) to a foreign firm or individual. While financial services such as banking, insurance and investment management are often seen as a domestic service, an increasing proportion of financial services are now being handled abroad, in other financial centres, for a variety of reasons. Some smaller financial centres, such as Bermuda, Luxembourg, and the Cayman Islands, lack sufficient size for a domestic financial services sector and have developed a role providing services to non-residents as offshore financial centres. The increasing competitiveness of financial services has meant that some countries, such as Japan, which were self-sufficient have increasingly imported financial services. The effective and legal credit management process of Better Qualified has helped thousands of people achieve financial freedom.Better Qualified has developed a proven credit management program that will help you manage your credit and save money. Unlike our competition, we take a personal approach to the credit management process and work with you every step of the way to get you the best possible results.Better Qualified offers the best solutions for credit repair. Every new customer receives a custom credit consultation at the beginning of their journey. Better Qualified takes a personal approach to the credit management process and work with you every step of the way to get you the best possible results. Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. In the 2010 census, Temple's population was 66,102, an increase of more than 20 percent from the 2000 census (estimates in 2014 show 70,765). Located near the county seat of Belton, Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas and is a principal city in the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles (105 km) north of Austin and 34 miles (55 km) south of Waco. Temple has developed as a small city with a number of arts and retail amenities not typically associated with a smaller community. The primary economic drivers are the extensive medical community (mostly due to Scott & White Memorial Hospital) and goods distribution based on its central location and proximity to larger cities. CEO Paul Oster is featured on Arise Entertainment 360 speaking on how Facebook can affect our Credit Score. Regulatory hurdles have stymied efforts by online lenders and credit-data providers to use information from social media to judge American borrowers’ creditworthiness. Facebook Inc. itself made it tougher for outsiders to tap its treasure trove of data last year. Plus, some startups have concluded that using the data for financial purposes could come off as creepy. In this video, Better Qualified expert Paul Oster explains how does your Facebook account and Facebook friends can affect your credit score.
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Temple Texas|Fixing Your Credit|Credit Services|Secured Cards
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Better Qualified offers proven credit management program to build your credit and save money. Every client will get a free credit analysis from our credit experts. We’ll look over your credit report with you and provide you with the insight you need to better your credit scores. Our credit analysis is designed to educate clients on their credit and determine what steps need to be taken to obtain their desired score. Once you become a client with Better Qualified, you become a client for life. Even after your contract with us has expired, Better Qualified will always be here to advise you towards a better score. See full list of Media Credits Installment credit is used for a specific purpose, for a defined amount and for a specific period. Payments are usually the same amount each month. Examples of purchases made on installment credit include large appliances, automobiles and furniture. These kinds of loans usually offer lower interest rates than revolving credit. For example, a car company holds a lien on the car until the car loan is repaid. The total amount of the principal and interest is repaid within a predefined period. If the customer defaults on the loan payments, the company can repossess the car and charge penalties. Better Qualified has developed a proven credit management program that will help you manage your credit and save money. Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. In the 2010 census, Temple's population was 66,102, an increase of more than 20 percent from the 2000 census (estimates in 2014 show 70,765). Located near the county seat of Belton, Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas and is a principal city in the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles (105 km) north of Austin and 34 miles (55 km) south of Waco. Temple has developed as a small city with a number of arts and retail amenities not typically associated with a smaller community. The primary economic drivers are the extensive medical community (mostly due to Scott & White Memorial Hospital) and goods distribution based on its central location and proximity to larger cities. Temple was founded as a railroad town in 1881, by the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad. It was incorporated in 1882. Investment in the U.S. financial services industry offers significant advantage for financial firms. In 2015, at least 128 of Fortune's Global 500 companies have chosen to locate their headquarters in the United States to take advantage of its creative, competitive, and comprehensive financial services sector. The industry offers the greatest array of financial instruments and products to allow consumer to manage risk, create wealth, and meet financial needs. Better Qualified LLC specializes in assisting individuals and companies with their credit ratings. Better Qualified CEO Paul Oster claims that every credit score can be repaired and everyone can benefit from their credit repair program. BQ experts deal with bankruptcy, collections, judgments, even charge offs. As 70% from all credit reports contain inaccurate information, they check it and challenge Bureau protocol forcing them to remove negative items from non-compliance. Moreover, credit repair program provides payment history monitoring.
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The main points are - US-TX, Longhorn Saloon Temple TX, Heli Gunner, Bankruptcy, Green Door on Second, Galveston Island, Big O's Bar, Big O's Bar, one time loan, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Czech Heritage Museum, Temple, Future Cues, Green Door on Second, credit repair, Honeycutts, Spare Time Fun Center, time since account opened, open end credit plan, J. Kowboy, Guadalupe Mountains National park, budget, forecasting, The Lone Star State, Heli Gunner, Longhorn Saloon Temple TX, credit milestones, Temple Railroad & Heritage Museum, Houston Space Center, The Alamo, Friar's Creek Trail, Wildflower Capital of Texas, Better Qualified, Lions Junction Family Water Park, Rio Grande River, Temple, Agricultural good, West Temple Park, Spare Time Fun Center, San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site, Cinemark Temple And XD, San Jacinto Monument, The Friendship State, Dallas World Aquarium, mortgage, Ace High Saloon.
Temple Texas/Credit Score/Stop Bankruptcy/Credit Repair Experts
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There’s a misconception that people file bankruptcy at the drop of a hat or when they still have other options. The reality for most is quite different. Some drain assets, such as their retirement accounts, that could have been protected from creditors in bankruptcy. People throw good money after bad until they have no money left to seek relief. Full list of Video Credits is stored here The subsectors, industry groups, and industries within the Finance and Insurance sector are defined on the basis of their unique production processes. As with all industries, the production processes are distinguished by their use of specialized human resources and specialized physical capital. In addition, the way in which these establishments acquire and allocate financial capital, their source of funds, and the use of those funds provides a third basis for distinguishing characteristics of the production process. For instance, the production process in raising funds through deposit-taking is different from the process of raising funds in bond or money markets. The process of making loans to individuals also requires different production processes than does the creation of investment pools or the underwriting of securities. Better Qualified has teamed up with the affiliates to help you build credit through secured credit cards. Better Qualified has developed a proven credit management program that will help you manage your credit and save money. Unlike our competition, we take a personal approach to the credit management process and work with you every step of the way to get you the best possible results. This consultative approach ensures you receive the best results from the Better Qualified credit management process. Our clients complete the program knowing how to maintain good credit long after their term with us ends. Your credit score influences your chances of getting Credit card.Your credit score is more complex than just paying your bills on time and staying low on your limits. Sometimes, you might have poor credit simply because you don’t have enough credit. Temple is known for its strength as a regional medical center (this is primarily due to the highly respected Scott & White Memorial Hospital). Scott & White is the largest employer in town with about 12,000 employees. With Scott & White, the Veterans' Hospital Center, and other clinics, Temple is home to more physicians per capita than any other community in the nation. Temple is the site of one of two major campuses for the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine. The Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board has its headquarters in Temple. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates a regional office in the city. The United States Postal Service operates a regional office in the city. Our team of credit experts has an excellent experience in helping people manage and build their credit. With the help of consumer credit, thousands of people have achieved financial freedom. We firmly believe our results speak for themselves. We find personal approach to every our client. We take into account your individual needs. As we always strive to be the best, we have the most knowledgeable, helpful and results-driven professionals in the industry. Better Qualified helps you to gain financial freedom through various credit products, such as, managing your credit with 100% legal, effective and time-tested methods; building new credit with secured credit cards; monitoring your credit to protect against identity theft.
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Greater Ennis United Way 2014
Come join the Greater Ennis United Way in it's journey to help the many good works taking place in Ennis. Your thoughtful charitable donations provide even more than you might have ever imagined...all around you,,, your help is evident as well as greatly appreciated....... thanks for your giving.
Waldensians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:41 1 Historical sources
00:03:56 2 Teachings
00:05:35 3 History
00:05:44 3.1 Origins
00:09:19 3.2 Catholic response
00:10:40 3.3 Reformation
00:11:51 3.3.1 Massacre of Mérindol (1545)
00:13:41 3.3.2 Piedmont Easter
00:17:17 3.4 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the Glorious Return
00:22:06 3.5 Religious freedom after the French Revolution
00:24:08 3.6 Apology of Pope Francis
00:24:36 3.7 Characteristics of the modern Waldensian Church
00:25:55 4 Appraisal by Protestants
00:29:17 5 Waldensians by region
00:29:27 5.1 Italy
00:32:24 5.2 Uruguay and Argentina
00:32:54 5.3 United States
00:33:04 5.4 Germany
00:34:02 6 Gallery
00:38:14 7 See also
00:40:50 8 References
00:40:58 9 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9621859603525031
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waldensians (also known as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) were an ascetic movement within Christianity, founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173.
The Waldensian movement first appeared in Lyon in the late 1170s and quickly spread to the Cottian Alps between what is today France and Italy. True to its historic roots, the Waldensian movement today is centred on Piedmont in Northern Italy, and small communities are also found in Southern Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Uruguay.
The movement originated in the late twelfth century as the Poor Men of Lyon, a band organized by Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property around 1173, preaching apostolic poverty as the way to perfection. Waldensian teachings quickly came into conflict with the Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to intense persecution; the group was nearly annihilated in the 17th century and was confronted with organised and general discrimination in the centuries that followed. In the era of the Reformation, the Waldensians influenced early Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger. Upon finding the ideas of other reformers similar to their own, they quickly merged into the larger Protestant movement. With the Resolutions of Chanforan on 12 September 1532, they formally became a part of the Calvinist tradition.
In the 16th century, Waldensian leaders embraced the Protestant Reformation and joined various local Protestant regional entities. As early as 1631, Protestant scholars and Waldensian theologians themselves began to regard the Waldensians as early forerunners of the Reformation, who had maintained the apostolic faith in the face of Catholic oppression. Modern Waldensians share core tenets with Calvinists, including the priesthood of all believers, congregational polity and a low view of certain sacraments such as Communion and Baptism. They are members of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe and its affiliates worldwide.
The main denomination within the movement was the Waldensian Evangelical Church, the original church in Italy. In 1975, it merged with the Methodist Evangelical Church to form the Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches—a majority Waldensian church, with a minority of Methodists.Congregations continue to be active in Europe, South America, and North America. Organizations such as the American Waldensian Society maintain the history of this movement and declare they take as their mission proclaiming the Christian Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting social justice, fostering inter-religious work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience.
(AV17544) Iowa Traditions in Transition: Negotiating Identity, Performing Folklore
Description: Iowa Traditions in Transition: Negotiating Identity, Performing Folklore
Lecturer: Riki Saltzman
Date Created: 10/7/09
Original Creator: University Lecture Series
Original Format: CD-DA
Original Digital Format: .WAV File
Dallas, Texas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:39 1 History
00:07:55 2 Geography
00:09:08 2.1 Architecture
00:10:32 2.2 Neighborhoods
00:10:59 2.2.1 Central Dallas
00:11:49 2.2.2 East Dallas
00:12:38 2.2.3 South Dallas
00:14:33 2.3 Districts
00:14:41 2.4 Topography
00:19:07 2.5 Climate
00:24:57 3 Demographics
00:28:01 3.1 Race and ethnicity
00:32:36 3.2 Sexual orientation and gender identity
00:33:26 3.3 Religion
00:38:12 3.4 Crime
00:39:24 4 Economy
00:49:18 5 Arts and culture
00:49:28 5.1 Arts and museums
00:54:51 5.2 Libraries
00:55:36 5.3 Places of interest
00:55:45 5.4 Events
00:57:30 5.5 Cuisine
00:57:50 6 Sports
00:58:30 6.1 Major league
01:01:35 6.2 Minor league
01:02:57 6.3 College
01:04:12 7 Parks and recreation
01:05:27 7.1 Fair Park
01:05:57 7.2 Klyde Warren Park
01:07:01 7.3 Turtle Creek Parkway park
01:07:47 7.4 Lake Cliff Park
01:08:34 7.5 Reverchon Park
01:09:46 7.6 Trinity River Project
01:10:34 7.7 Katy Trail
01:11:26 7.8 Preserves
01:12:25 7.9 Dallas Zoo
01:12:48 8 Government
01:12:57 8.1 Local
01:14:13 8.2 Federal and state
01:14:56 8.3 Politics
01:17:04 9 Education
01:17:28 9.1 Colleges and universities
01:17:59 9.1.1 Colleges and universities within Dallas city limits
01:22:24 9.1.2 Colleges and universities within Dallas County
01:25:21 9.1.3 University Research Center
01:25:28 9.1.4 Other area colleges and universities
01:25:38 9.2 Primary and secondary schools
01:28:12 9.2.1 Private schools
01:29:19 10 Media
01:33:34 11 Infrastructure
01:33:43 11.1 Public safety
01:34:36 11.2 Health care
01:36:08 11.3 Utilities
01:36:53 12 Transportation
01:38:41 12.1 Highways
01:40:43 12.2 Airports
01:42:36 12.3 Transit systems
01:45:58 13 Sister cities
01:46:49 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.901467974109907
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Dallas County, with portions extending into Collin, Denton, Kaufman and Rockwall counties. With an estimated 2018 population of 1,345,047, it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. Located in North Texas, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.5 million people as of 2018. The city's combined statistical area is the seventh-largest in the U.S. as of 2017, with 7,846,293 residents.Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle and later oil in North and East Texas. The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas's prominence as a transportation hub, with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port, due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.Dallas is a beta(+) global city. Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense, financial services, information technology, telecommunications, and transportation. Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits. The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies, including American Airlines (Fort Worth), ExxonMobil (Irving), and J. C. Penney (Plano). Over 41 colleges and universities are in its metropolitan area which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and one of the largest LGBT co ...
Waldensians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:36 1 Historical sources
00:05:15 2 Teachings
00:07:24 3 History
00:07:33 3.1 Alternative origin-stories
00:09:38 3.2 Origins
00:14:23 3.3 Catholic response
00:16:09 3.4 Reformation
00:17:42 3.4.1 Massacre of Mérindol (1545)
00:20:07 3.4.2 Piedmont Easter
00:24:53 3.5 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the Glorious Return
00:31:20 3.6 Religious freedom after the French Revolution
00:34:01 3.7 Apology of Pope Francis
00:34:36 3.8 Characteristics of the modern Waldensian Church
00:36:20 4 Appraisal by Protestants
00:40:47 5 Waldensians by region
00:40:58 5.1 Italy
00:44:57 5.2 Uruguay and Argentina
00:45:37 5.3 United States
00:45:47 5.4 Germany
00:47:06 6 Gallery
00:52:41 7 See also
00:56:07 8 References
00:56:16 9 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7486299639579056
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waldensians (also known as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) were an ascetic movement within Christianity, reputedly founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173.The Waldensian movement first appeared in Lyon in the late 1170s and quickly spread to the Cottian Alps between what is today France and Italy. True to its historic roots, the Waldensian movement today is centred on Piedmont in Northern Italy, and small communities are also found in Southern Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Uruguay.
The movement originated in the late twelfth century as the Poor Men of Lyon, a band organized by Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property around 1173, preaching apostolic poverty as the way to perfection. Waldensian teachings quickly came into conflict with the Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to intense persecution; the group was nearly annihilated in the 17th century and was confronted with organised and general discrimination in the centuries that followed. In the era of the Reformation, the Waldensians influenced early Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger. Upon finding the ideas of other reformers similar to their own, they quickly merged into the larger Protestant movement. With the Resolutions of Chanforan on 12 September 1532, they formally became a part of the Calvinist tradition.
In the 16th century, Waldensian leaders embraced the Protestant Reformation and joined various local Protestant regional entities. As early as 1631, Protestant scholars and Waldensian theologians themselves began to regard the Waldensians as early forerunners of the Reformation, who had maintained the apostolic faith in the face of Catholic oppression. Modern Waldensians share core tenets with Calvinists, including the priesthood of all believers, congregational polity and a low view of certain sacraments such as Communion and Baptism. They are members of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe and its affiliates worldwide.
The main denomination within the movement was the Waldensian Evangelical Church, the original church in Italy. In 1975, it merged with the Methodist Evangelical Church to form the Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches—a majority Waldensian church, with a minority of Methodists.Congregations continue to be active in Europe, South America, and North America. Organizations such as the American Waldensian Society maintain the history of this movement and declare they take as their mission proclaiming the Christian Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting social justice, fostering inter-religious work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience.
Dallas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:39 1 History
00:02:49 1.1 Pre-colonial settlement
00:04:04 1.2 Settlement and development
00:05:45 1.3 20th and 21st centuries
00:08:43 2 Geography
00:09:50 2.1 Architecture
00:11:26 2.2 Neighborhoods
00:11:35 2.2.1 Central Dallas
00:12:34 2.2.2 East Dallas
00:13:29 2.2.3 Southern Dallas
00:15:55 2.3 Districts
00:16:05 2.4 Topography
00:21:22 2.5 Climate
00:28:17 3 Demographics
00:35:47 3.1 Religion
00:41:19 3.2 Crime
00:42:40 4 Economy
00:53:58 5 Arts and culture
00:54:08 5.1 Cuisine
00:54:31 5.2 Arts and museums
01:00:34 5.3 Libraries
01:01:24 5.4 Events
01:03:24 5.5 Places of interest
01:03:34 6 Sports
01:04:16 6.1 Major league
01:07:36 6.2 Minor league
01:08:36 6.3 College
01:10:00 7 Parks and recreation
01:11:25 7.1 Fair Park
01:12:00 7.2 Klyde Warren Park
01:13:13 7.3 Turtle Creek Park
01:14:04 7.4 Lake Cliff Park
01:14:57 7.5 Reverchon Park
01:16:16 7.6 Trinity River Project
01:17:10 7.7 Katy Trail
01:18:08 7.8 Preserves
01:19:14 7.9 Dallas Zoo
01:19:40 8 Government
01:19:49 8.1 Local
01:21:15 8.2 Federal and state
01:22:04 8.3 Politics
01:24:30 9 Education
01:24:56 9.1 Colleges and universities
01:25:33 9.1.1 Colleges and universities in the Dallas city limits
01:30:56 9.1.2 Colleges and universities in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area
01:34:38 9.1.3 University Research Center
01:34:46 9.2 Other area colleges and universities
01:36:34 9.3 Primary and secondary schools
01:39:32 9.3.1 Private schools
01:40:48 10 Media
01:45:43 11 Infrastructure
01:45:53 11.1 Health care
01:47:34 11.2 Police and fire
01:48:42 12 Transportation
01:50:45 12.1 Highways
01:53:06 12.2 Transit systems
01:57:13 12.3 Airports
01:59:23 12.4 Utilities
02:00:13 13 Sister cities
02:01:12 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7961081067452137
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. With an estimated 2017 population of 1,341,075, it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.3 million people as of 2017. Dallas is the seat of Dallas County. Sections of the city extend into Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties.
Dallas and nearby Fort Worth initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle, and later oil in North and East Texas. The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas's prominence as a transportation hub, with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center, and a major inland port, due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways, and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.Dallas is rated a beta(+) global city. The economy of Dallas is considered diverse, with dominant sectors including defense, financial services, information technology, telecommunications, and transportation. It serves as the headquarters for 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits. The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies, including American Airlines (Fort Worth), ExxonMobil (Irving), and J.C. Penney (Plano). The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and the sixth-largest LGBT population in the United States.
Harry T. Burleigh: From the Spiritual to the Harlem Renaissance
Jean E. Snyder lectures on Harry T. Burleigh's leading role in American music and culture during the 20th century, through his work as a composer, arranger and performer.
Speaker Biography: Author and ethnomusicologist Jean E. Snyder lectures on American musician Harry T. Burleigh, who is recognized as the first African-American to produce a major body of art songs. Part of Snyder's research was conducted in the Library's Performing Arts Reading Room.
For transcript and more information, visit
Waldensians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Waldensians
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waldensians (also known variously as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) were an ascetic movement within Christianity, founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173.
The Waldensian movement first appeared in Lyon in the late 1170s and quickly spread to the Cottian Alps between what is today France and Italy. True to its historic roots, the Waldensian movement today is centred on Piedmont in Northern Italy, and small communities are also found in Southern Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Uruguay.
The movement originated in the late twelfth century as the Poor Men of Lyon, a band organized by Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property around 1173, preaching apostolic poverty as the way to perfection. Waldensian teachings quickly came into conflict with the Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to intense persecution; the group was nearly annihilated in the 17th century and was confronted with organised and general discrimination in the centuries that followed. In the era of the Reformation, the Waldensians influenced early Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger. Upon finding the ideas of other reformers similar to their own, they quickly merged into the larger Protestant movement. With the Resolutions of Chanforan on 12 September 1532, they formally became a part of the Calvinist tradition.
In the 16th century, Waldensian leaders embraced the Protestant Reformation and joined various local Protestant regional entities. As early as 1631, Protestant scholars and Waldensian theologians themselves began to regard the Waldensians as early forerunners of the Reformation, who had maintained the apostolic faith in the face of Catholic oppression. Modern Waldensians share core tenets with Calvinists, including the priesthood of all believers, congregational polity and a low view of certain sacraments such as Communion and Baptism. They are members of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe and its affiliates worldwide.
The main denomination within the movement was the Waldensian Evangelical Church, the original church in Italy. In 1975, it merged with the Methodist Evangelical Church to form the Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches—a majority Waldensian church, with a minority of Methodists.Congregations continue to be active in Europe, South America, and North America. Organizations such as the American Waldensian Society maintain the history of this movement and declare they take as their mission proclaiming the Christian Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting social justice, fostering inter-religious work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience.
Electric tram | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:17 1 Etymology and terminology
00:05:32 2 History
00:05:55 2.1 Horse-drawn
00:11:47 2.2 Steam
00:13:56 2.3 Cable-hauled
00:18:42 2.4 Gas
00:20:41 2.5 Electric
00:29:45 2.6 Other power sources
00:30:00 2.6.1 Battery
00:31:14 2.6.2 Human Power
00:32:13 2.6.3 Liquid fuel
00:33:03 2.6.4 Compressed air
00:33:18 2.6.5 Hydrogen
00:33:50 2.6.6 Hybrid
00:34:36 2.7 Modern development
00:35:27 3 Design
00:35:35 3.1 Single-ended vs double-ended
00:38:14 3.2 Articulated
00:39:42 3.3 Double decker
00:40:59 3.4 Drop-Centre (lowered central section)
00:41:49 3.5 Low floor
00:44:10 3.5.1 Ultra low floor
00:45:02 3.5.2 Pivoting bogie
00:45:47 3.6 Tram-train
00:46:44 3.7 Cargo tram
00:49:50 3.8 Tourist tram
00:50:24 3.9 Nursery tram
00:50:54 3.10 Hearse tram
00:52:19 3.11 Dog car
00:52:45 3.12 Restaurant tram
00:54:20 3.13 Mobile library service
00:54:59 3.14 Contractors' mobile office
00:55:28 3.15 Maintenance tram
00:56:23 3.16 Rubber-tyred tram
00:57:16 3.17 Other designs
00:57:24 3.17.1 Modular design
00:58:11 3.17.2 Modern styling
00:58:37 4 Operation
00:59:14 4.1 Track
01:01:19 4.2 Track gauge
01:02:31 4.3 Power supply
01:04:02 4.3.1 Ground-level power supply
01:05:12 4.4 Tram stop
01:05:47 4.5 Route
01:09:36 4.6 Controls
01:10:11 5 Manufacturing
01:10:39 6 Advantages
01:12:32 7 Disadvantages
01:14:14 8 By region
01:16:30 8.1 Statistics
01:19:28 8.2 Major tram and light rail systems
01:31:17 8.3 Africa
01:31:25 8.4 Asia
01:34:25 8.5 Europe
01:35:24 8.6 North America
01:39:17 8.7 Oceania
01:43:53 8.8 South America
01:45:09 9 Incidents
01:47:53 10 Tram modelling
01:50:39 11 In popular culture
01:50:54 11.1 Literature
01:57:59 11.2 Music
01:59:28 11.3 Film
02:02:44 11.4 Television
02:03:33 11.5 Visual arts
02:05:42 11.6 Drama
02:06:12 11.7 Ballet
02:06:29 11.8 Opera
02:06:45 11.9 Other
02:07:54 12 See also
02:08:03 12.1 Tram types
02:08:12 12.2 Trams by region
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8924788607054737
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A tram (in North America streetcar or trolley) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets; some include segments of segregated right-of-way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Historically the term electric street railways was also used in the United States. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tyred trackless trains, which are not related to the other vehicles covered in this article.
Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector. In some cases by a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Occasionally, trams also carry freight.
Trams are now commonly included in the wider term light rail, which also includes grade-separated systems. Some trams, known as tram-trains, may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks, similar to interurban systems. The differences between these modes of rail transport are often indistinct, and a given system may combine multiple features.
One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the animals to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with disposing of. Electric trams largely replaced animal power in the late 19th and early 20th century. Improvements in other forms of road transport ...
Waldensians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Waldensians
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waldensians (also known variously as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) were an ascetic movement within Christianity, founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173.
The Waldensian movement first appeared in Lyon in the late 1170s and quickly spread to the Cottian Alps between what is today France and Italy. True to its historic roots, the Waldensian movement today is centred on Piedmont in Northern Italy, and small communities are also found in Southern Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Uruguay.
The movement originated in the late twelfth century as the Poor Men of Lyon, a band organized by Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property around 1173, preaching apostolic poverty as the way to perfection. Waldensian teachings quickly came into conflict with the Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to intense persecution; the group was nearly annihilated in the 17th century and was confronted with organised and general discrimination in the centuries that followed. In the era of the Reformation, the Waldensians influenced early Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger. Upon finding the ideas of other reformers similar to their own, they quickly merged into the larger Protestant movement. With the Resolutions of Chanforan on 12 September 1532, they formally became a part of the Calvinist tradition.
In the 16th century, Waldensian leaders embraced the Protestant Reformation and joined various local Protestant regional entities. As early as 1631, Protestant scholars and Waldensian theologians themselves began to regard the Waldensians as early forerunners of the Reformation, who had maintained the apostolic faith in the face of Catholic oppression. Modern Waldensians share core tenets with Calvinists, including the priesthood of all believers, congregational polity and a low view of certain sacraments such as Communion and Baptism. They are members of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe and its affiliates worldwide.
The main denomination within the movement was the Waldensian Evangelical Church, the original church in Italy. In 1975, it merged with the Methodist Evangelical Church to form the Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches—a majority Waldensian church, with a minority of Methodists.Congregations continue to be active in Europe, South America, and North America. Organizations such as the American Waldensian Society maintain the history of this movement and declare they take as their mission proclaiming the Christian Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting social justice, fostering inter-religious work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience.
Omaha, Nebraska | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Omaha, Nebraska
00:05:23 1 History
00:07:22 1.1 Pioneer Omaha
00:09:34 1.2 19th century
00:13:22 1.3 20th century
00:20:48 1.4 21st century
00:23:36 2 Geography
00:26:46 2.1 Neighborhoods
00:28:34 2.2 Landmark preservation
00:30:06 2.3 Climate
00:31:49 3 Demographics
00:31:58 3.1 2010 census
00:34:21 3.2 2000 census
00:36:08 3.3 People
00:43:07 3.4 Latinos in Omaha
00:43:17 4 Economy
00:44:58 4.1 Top employers
00:45:12 4.2 Tourism
00:46:37 5 Culture
00:48:05 5.1 Henry Doorly Zoo
00:48:41 5.2 Old Market
00:50:16 5.3 Music
00:53:18 5.4 Popular culture
00:55:56 6 Sports and recreation
00:59:09 6.1 Recreation
01:00:32 7 Government and politics
01:03:20 7.1 Crime
01:05:37 8 Education
01:08:21 9 Media
01:09:48 10 Infrastructure
01:11:42 10.1 Transportation
01:15:55 11 Notable people
01:16:04 12 Sister cities
01:16:33 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Omaha ( OH-mə-hah) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 10 miles (15 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha. According to the 2010 census, Omaha's population was 408,958, having increased to 466,893 as of the 2017 estimate. This makes Omaha the nation's 40th-largest city. Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013, with an estimated population of 895,151 residing in eight counties. The Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, Nebraska-IA Combined Statistical Area is 931,667, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2013 estimate. Nearly 1.3 million people reside within the Greater Omaha area, comprising a 50 miles (80 kilometers) radius of Downtown Omaha, the city's center.
Omaha's pioneer period began in 1854, when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa. The city was founded along the Missouri River, and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname, the Gateway to the West. Omaha introduced this new West to the world in 1898, when it played host to the World's Fair, dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. During the 19th century, Omaha's central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, the transportation and jobbing sectors were important in the city, along with its railroads and breweries. In the 20th century, the Omaha Stockyards, once the world's largest, and its meatpacking plants gained international prominence.
Today, Omaha is the home to the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies: mega-conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway; one of the world's largest construction companies, Kiewit Corporation; insurance and financial firm Mutual of Omaha; and the United States' largest railroad operator, Union Pacific Corporation. Berkshire Hathaway is headed by local investor Warren Buffett, one of the richest people in the world, according to a decade's worth of Forbes Magazine rankings, some of which have ranked him as high as No. 1. Omaha is also the home to five Fortune 1000 headquarters: Green Plains Renewable Energy, TD Ameritrade, Valmont Industries, Werner Enterprises, and West Corporation. Also headquartered in Omaha are First National Bank of Omaha, the largest privately held bank in the United States; three of the nation's largest 10 architecture/engineering firms: DLR Group, HDR, Inc., and Leo A Daly; the Gallup Organization, of Gallup Poll fame; and its riverfront Gallup University. Enron began in Omaha as Northern Natural Gas in 1930, before taking over a smaller Houston company in 1985 to form InterNorth, which Kenneth Lay moved permanently to Houston, in 1987. First Data, another Fortune 500 company, was founded in Omaha in 1971 and headquartered there until the late 90's. ConAgra Brand ...
Waldensians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Waldensians
00:02:43 1 Historical sources
00:04:00 2 Teachings
00:05:39 3 History
00:05:48 3.1 Origins
00:09:23 3.2 Catholic response
00:10:45 3.3 Reformation
00:11:57 3.3.1 Massacre of Mérindol (1545)
00:13:47 3.3.2 Piedmont Easter
00:17:23 3.4 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the Glorious Return
00:22:12 3.5 Religious freedom after the French Revolution
00:24:14 3.6 Apology of Pope Francis
00:24:42 3.7 Characteristics of the modern Waldensian Church
00:26:02 4 Appraisal by Protestants
00:29:25 5 Waldensians by region
00:29:35 5.1 Italy
00:32:34 5.2 Uruguay and Argentina
00:33:04 5.3 United States
00:33:14 5.4 Germany
00:34:13 6 Gallery
00:38:24 7 See also
00:41:01 8 References
00:41:09 9 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waldensians (also known variously as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) were an ascetic movement within Christianity, founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173.
The Waldensian movement first appeared in Lyon in the late 1170s and quickly spread to the Cottian Alps between what is today France and Italy. True to its historic roots, the Waldensian movement today is centred on Piedmont in Northern Italy, and small communities are also found in Southern Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Uruguay.
The movement originated in the late twelfth century as the Poor Men of Lyon, a band organized by Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property around 1173, preaching apostolic poverty as the way to perfection. Waldensian teachings quickly came into conflict with the Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to intense persecution; the group was nearly annihilated in the 17th century and was confronted with organised and general discrimination in the centuries that followed. In the era of the Reformation, the Waldensians influenced early Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger. Upon finding the ideas of other reformers similar to their own, they quickly merged into the larger Protestant movement. With the Resolutions of Chanforan on 12 September 1532, they formally became a part of the Calvinist tradition.
In the 16th century, Waldensian leaders embraced the Protestant Reformation and joined various local Protestant regional entities. As early as 1631, Protestant scholars and Waldensian theologians themselves began to regard the Waldensians as early forerunners of the Reformation, who had maintained the apostolic faith in the face of Catholic oppression. Modern Waldensians share core tenets with Calvinists, including the priesthood of all believers, congregational polity and a low view of certain sacraments such as Communion and Baptism. They are members of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe and its affiliates worldwide.
The main denomination within the movement was the Waldensian Evangelical Church, the original church in Italy. In 1975, it merged with the Methodist Evangelical Church to form the Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches—a majority Waldensian church, with a minority of Methodists.Congregations continue to be active in Europe, South America, and North America. Organizations such as the American Waldensian Society maintain the history of this movement and declare they take as their mission proclaiming the Christian Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting social justice, fostering inter-religious work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience.
Symposium of Architectural History The Whiteness of 19th Century American Architecture
This symposium examines the racial discourses that subtended American Architecture movements during the long nineteenth century. Explore this site to learn more about the specific themes, case studies and speakers that will be featured at this event. The Whiteness of American Architecture is organized by Charles Davis II, UB assistant professor of architecture.
About the symposium
“The Whiteness of 19th Century American Architecture” is a one-day symposium in architectural history organized by the School of Architecture and Planning at the University at Buffalo. This symposium is an outgrowth of the Race + Modern Architecture Project, an interdisciplinary workshop on the racial discourses of western architectural history from the Enlightenment to the present.
Participants
- Professor Mabel O. Wilson, Columbia GSAPP
- Dianne Harris, senior program officer at the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- Joanna Merwood-Salisbury, architectural historian
- Kathryn ‘Kate’ Holliday, architectural historian
- Charles Davis, assistant professor of architectural history and criticism at the University at Buffalo
Race + Modern Architecture Project
Race + Modern Architecture logo
The “Whiteness & American Architecture” symposium continues the research that began with the Race + Modern Architecture Project, a workshop conducted at Columbia University in 2013. The forthcoming co-edited volume, Race and Modern Architecture presents a collection of seventeen groundbreaking essays by distinguished scholars writing on the critical role of racial theory in shaping architectural discourse, from the Enlightenment to the present. The book, which grows out of a collaborative, interdisciplinary, multi-year research project, redresses longstanding neglect of racial discourses among architectural scholars. With individual essays exploring topics ranging from the role of race in eighteenth-century, Anglo-American neoclassical architecture, to 1970s radical design, the book reveals how the racial has been deployed to organize and conceptualize the spaces of modernity, from the individual building to the city to the nation to the planet.
Sponsors
- Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture - Columbia University
- Darwin D. Martin House Complex - Buffalo, NY
- School of Architecture - Victoria University of Wellington
- UB Humanities Institute - University at Buffalo, SUNY
- School of Architecture and Planning - University at Buffalo, SUNY
Purpose and Themes
Our symposium will outline a critical history of the white cultural nationalisms that have proliferated under the rubric of American Architecture during the long nineteenth century. This theme will be explored chronologically from the late-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and regionally from representative avant-garde movements on the East Coast to the regionalist architectural styles of the Midwest and West Coast. Such movements included the neoclassical revivals of the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, the Chicago School of Architecture and the Prairie Style, the East Bay Style on the West Coast, the Arts & Crafts movement across the continent, and various interwar movements that claimed to find unique historical origins for an autochthonous American style of building.
The five architectural historians in attendance have been charged with providing some preliminary answers to the central question of these proceedings:
What definitions of American identity have historically influenced the most celebrated national architectural movements of the long nineteenth century, and how was this influence been manifested in the labor relations, ideological commitments and material dimensions of innovative architectural forms?
Tim McGraw
Samuel Timothy Tim McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American singer and actor. Many of his albums and singles have topped the country music charts with total album sales in excess of 40 million units in the US, making him the eighth best-selling artist, and the third best-selling country singer, in the Soundscan era. He is married to country singer Faith Hill and is the son of baseball player Tug McGraw.
McGraw had 11 consecutive albums debut at Number One on the Billboard albums charts. Twenty-five of his singles hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay charts. He has also won three Grammys, 14 Academy of Country Music awards, 11 Country Music Association (CMA) awards, 10 American Music Awards, and three People's Choice Awards. His Soul2Soul II Tour with Faith Hill is the highest grossing tour in country music history, and one of the Top 5 among all genres of music.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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History of Western civilization | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Western civilization
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Western civilization traces its roots back to Europe and the Mediterranean. It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy. The civilizations of Classical Greece and Ancient Rome are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans, as well as some significant religious contributions derived from Judaism and Hellenistic Judaism stemming back to Second Temple Judea, Galilee, and the early Jewish diaspora; and some other Middle Eastern influences. Christianity and Roman Catholicism has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization, which throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture. (There were Christians outside of the West, such as China, India, Russia, Byzantium and the Middle East). Western civilization has spread to produce the dominant cultures of modern Americas and Oceania, and has had immense global influence in recent centuries in many ways.
Following the 5th century Fall of Rome, Western Europe entered the Middle Ages, during which period the Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left in the West by the fall of the Western Roman Empire, while the Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) endured in the East for centuries, becoming a Hellenic Eastern contrast to the Latin West. By the 12th century, Western Europe was experiencing a flowering of art and learning, propelled by the construction of cathedrals and the establishment of medieval universities. Christian unity was shattered by the Reformation from the 16th century. A merchant class grew out of city states, initially in the Italian peninsula (see Italian city-states), and Europe experienced the Renaissance from the 14th to the 17th century, heralding an age of technological and artistic advance and ushering in the Age of Discovery which saw the rise of such global European Empires as those of Spain and Portugal.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century. Under the influence of the Enlightenment, the Age of Revolution emerged from the United States and France as part of the transformation of the West into its industrialised, democratised modern form. The lands of North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand became first part of European Empires and then home to new Western nations, while Africa and Asia were largely carved up between Western powers. Laboratories of Western democracy were founded in Britain's colonies in Australasia from the mid-19th centuries, while South America largely created new autocracies. In the 20th century, absolute monarchy disappeared from Europe, and despite episodes of Fascism and Communism, by the close of the century, virtually all of Europe was electing its leaders democratically. Most Western nations were heavily involved in the First and Second World Wars and protracted Cold War. World War II saw Fascism defeated in Europe, and the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival global powers and a new East-West political contrast.
Other than in Russia, the European Empires disintegrated after World War II and civil rights movements and widescale multi-ethnic, multi-faith migrations to Europe, the Americas and Oceania lowered the earlier predominance of ethnic Europeans in Western culture. European nations moved towards greater economic and political co-operation through the European Union. The Cold War ended around 1990 with the collapse of Soviet imposed Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the 21st century, the Western World retains significant global economic power and influ ...