Sapporo in Japan
10/30/96 sapporo japan counteraction,5 star hotels sapporo japan,agnes b japan sapporo,fivb sapporo japan 2013,h m sapporo japan,iums conference sapporo japan 2011,japan sapporo zoo,japan x sapporo,japans restaurant sapporo b.v,jetstar japan sapporo,jimmyz backpackers sapporo japan,jr tower sapporo japan,king xmhu sapporo japan,kinokuniya sapporo japan, sapporo japan,sapporo japan 1972 winter olympics
Sapporo (札幌市 Sapporo-shi?) About this sound listen (help·info) is the fourth-largest city in Japan by population, and the largest city on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. Located in Ishikari Subprefecture, it is the capital of Hokkaido Prefecture, and an ordinance-designated city of Japan.
Sapporo is known outside Japan for having hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics, the first ever held in Asia, and for the city's annual Yuki Matsuri, internationally referred to as the Sapporo Snow Festival, which draws more than 2 million tourists from around the world. The city is also home to Sapporo Brewery and the famous white chocolate biscuits called shiroi koibito (白い恋人?, white sweetheart).Before its establishment, the area occupied by Sapporo (known as the Ishikari Plain) was home to a number of indigenous Ainu settlements.[2] In 1866, at the end of the Edo Period, construction began on a canal through the area, encouraging a number of early settlers to establish Sapporo village.[3] The settlement's name was taken from the Ainu language sat poro pet (サッ・ポロ・ペッ), and can be translated as dry, great river.[4]
In 1868, the officially recognized year celebrated as the 'birth' of Sapporo, the new Meiji government concluded that the existing administrative center of Hokkaido, which at the time was the port of Hakodate, was in an unsuitable location for defense and further development of the island. As a result it was determined that a new capital on the Ishikari Plain should be established. The plain itself provided an unusually large expanse of flat, well drained land which is relatively uncommon in the otherwise mountainous geography of Hokkaido.
During 1870–1871, Kuroda Kiyotaka, vice-chairman of the Hokkaido Development Commission (Kaitaku-shi) approached the American government for assistance in developing the land. As a result, Horace Capron, Secretary of Agriculture under President Ulysses S. Grant, became an oyatoi gaikokujin and was appointed as a special advisor to the commission. Construction began around Odori Park, which still remains as a green ribbon of recreational land bisecting the central area of the city. The city closely followed the Western-style grid plan with streets at right-angles to form city blocks.
The continuing expansion of the Japanese into Hokkaido continued, mainly due to migration from the main island of Honshu immediately to the south, and the prosperity of Hokkaido and particularly its capital grew to the point that the Development Commission was deemed unnecessary and was abolished in 1882.
Edwin Dun (oyatoi gaikokujin) came to Sapporo to establish sheep and cattle ranches in 1876. He also demonstrated pig raising and the making of butter, cheese, ham and sausage. He married a Japanese woman. He once went back to the States in 1883 but returned to Japan as a secretary of government.
William S. Clark (oyatoi gaikokujin) who was the president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the University of Massachusetts Amherst) came to be the founding vice-president of Sapporo Agricultural College (now Hokkaido University) for only eight months from 1876 to 1877. He taught academic subjects in science and lectured on the Bible as an ethics course, introducing Christian principles to the first entering class of the College.
In 1880, the entire area of Sapporo was renamed as Sapporo-ku (Sapporo Ward),[5] and a railroad between Sapporo and Temiya, Otaru was laid. That year the Hōheikan, a hotel and reception facility for visiting officials and dignitaries, was erected adjacent to the Odori Park. It was later moved to Nakajima Park where it remains today. Two years later, with the abolition of the Kaitaku-shi, Hokkaidō was divided into three prefectures: Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro. The name of the urban district in Sapporo remained Sapporo-ku, while the rest of the area in Sapporo-ku was changed to Sapporo-gun. The office building of Sapporo-ku was also located in the urban district.[5]
York | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:40 1 History
00:02:50 1.1 Origin of the name
00:05:25 1.2 Early history
00:08:52 1.3 After the conquest
00:11:18 1.4 16th to 18th centuries
00:13:58 1.5 Modern history
00:17:09 1.6 Early photography
00:17:48 2 Governance
00:17:57 2.1 Local government
00:22:11 2.2 Parliamentary constituencies
00:23:12 2.3 Ceremonial governance
00:23:32 3 Geography
00:23:41 3.1 Location
00:25:11 3.2 Architecture
00:28:41 3.3 Climate
00:30:02 3.4 Green belt
00:30:37 4 Demography
00:33:35 4.1 Population change
00:33:50 4.2 Religion
00:35:23 5 Economy
00:39:28 5.1 Public services
00:43:09 6 Transport
00:48:56 6.1 Local Transport Plan 2006
00:50:07 7 Education
00:52:41 8 Culture
00:52:50 8.1 Theatre
00:55:21 8.2 Music
00:56:08 8.3 York ham
00:56:52 8.4 Gastronomy
00:58:04 8.5 Beer and pubs
00:59:26 8.6 UNESCO status bids
01:00:19 9 Media
01:01:50 10 Sport
01:05:34 11 Geodesy
01:05:52 12 International relations
01:06:03 12.1 Twin towns – sister cities
01:06:26 13 See also
01:06:43 14 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8766160293164553
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
York is a city and unitary authority area in North Yorkshire, England, the population of the council area which includes nearby villages was 208,200 as of 2017 and the population of the Urban area was 153,717 at the 2011 census. Located at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss, it is the county town of the historic county of Yorkshire. The city is known for its famous historical landmarks such as York Minster and the city walls, as well as a variety of cultural and sporting activities, which makes it a popular tourist destination in England. The local authority is the City of York Council, a single tier governing body responsible for providing all local services and facilities throughout the city. The City of York local government district includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries. It is about 20 miles north-east of Leeds.
The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD. It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and later of the kingdoms of Deira, Northumbria and Jórvík. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained. In the 19th century, York became a major hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre, a status it maintained well into the 20th century. During the Second World War, York was bombed as part of the Baedeker Blitz. Although less affected by bombing than other northern cities, several historic buildings were gutted and restoration efforts continued into the 1960s. In 2000, York suffered very severe flooding as the River Ouse rose, affecting over 300 homes.The economy of York is dominated by services. The University of York and National Health Service are major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy. In 2016, York became sister cities with the Chinese city of Nanjing, as per an agreement signed by the Lord Mayor of York, focusing on building links in tourism, education, science, technology and culture. Today, the city is a popular tourist attraction, especially for international visitors from China and Asia. In 2017, York became UK's first human rights city, which formalised the city’s aim to use human rights in decision making.