Alabama | Wikipedia audio article
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Alabama
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state.Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State. The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana.From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and otherwise discriminate against African Americans from the end of the Reconstruction Era up until at least the 1970s. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s. During this time, urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state's economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.
Islamism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Islamism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles or more specifically to movements which call for full implementation of sharia. It is commonly used interchangeably with the terms political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism. In academic usage, the term Islamism does not specify what vision of Islamic order or sharia are being advocated, or how their advocates intend to bring them about. In Western mass media it tends to refer to groups whose aim is to establish a sharia-based Islamic state, often with implication of violent tactics and human rights violations, and has acquired connotations of political extremism. In the Muslim world, the term has positive connotations among its proponents.Different currents of Islamist thought include advocating a revolutionary strategy of Islamizing society through exercise of state power, and alternately a reformist strategy to re-Islamizing society through grass-roots social and political activism. Islamists may emphasize the implementation of sharia (Islamic law); pan-Islamic political unity, including an Islamic state; or selective removal of non-Muslim, particularly Western military, economic, political, social, or cultural influences in the Muslim world that they believe to be incompatible with Islam.Graham Fuller has argued for a broader notion of Islamism as a form of identity politics, involving support for [Muslim] identity, authenticity, broader regionalism, revivalism, [and] revitalization of the community. Some authors hold the term Islamic activism to be synonymous and preferable to Islamism, and Rached Ghannouchi writes that Islamists prefer to use the term Islamic movement themselves.Central and prominent figures in twentieth-century Islamism include Hasan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, Abul Ala Maududi, and Ruhollah Khomeini. Most Islamist thinkers emphasize peaceful political processes, which are supported by the majority of contemporary Islamists. Others, Sayyid Qutb in particular, called for violence, and his followers are generally considered Islamic extremists, although Qutb denounced the killing of innocents.
According to Robin Wright, Islamist movements have arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence, redefining politics and even borders. Following the Arab Spring, some Islamist currents became heavily involved in democratic politics, while others spawned the most aggressive and ambitious Islamist militia to date, ISIS.
Islamism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Islamism
00:02:50 1 Terminology
00:06:17 2 Overview
00:06:26 2.1 Definitions
00:09:36 2.2 Varieties
00:11:56 2.3 Relation to Islam
00:13:45 2.4 Influence
00:16:07 3 Types
00:16:15 3.1 Moderate Islamism
00:20:23 3.1.1 Post-Islamism
00:21:43 3.2 Salafi movement
00:24:25 3.2.1 Wahhabism
00:26:03 3.3 Militant Islamism/Jihadism
00:26:13 3.3.1 Qutbism
00:28:36 3.3.2 Salafi Jihadism
00:32:02 4 History
00:32:11 4.1 Predecessor movements
00:34:47 4.2 Early history
00:36:00 4.2.1 Muhammad Iqbal
00:38:22 4.2.2 Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
00:40:12 4.2.3 Muslim Brotherhood
00:42:13 4.2.4 Sayyid Qutb
00:43:55 4.3 Ascendance on international politics
00:44:05 4.3.1 Six-Day War (1967)
00:44:51 4.3.2 Iranian Revolution (1978–1979)
00:48:09 4.3.3 Grand Mosque seizure (1979)
00:49:59 4.3.4 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979–1989)
00:52:06 4.3.5 Persian Gulf War (1990–1991)
00:53:40 4.4 Rise of Islamism by country
00:53:50 4.4.1 Afghanistan (Taliban)
00:56:02 4.4.2 Algeria
00:57:50 4.4.3 Bangladesh
00:58:40 4.4.4 Belgium
00:59:05 4.4.5 Egypt (Jihadism)
01:01:23 4.4.6 Gaza (Hamas)
01:03:29 4.4.7 Pakistan
01:06:05 4.4.8 Sudan
01:07:55 4.4.9 Turkey
01:08:49 4.5 Contemporary era
01:08:58 4.5.1 By country
01:13:17 4.5.2 Hizb ut-Tahrir
01:15:57 4.5.3 Post-Arab Spring (2011-present)
01:18:23 4.5.4 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
01:20:31 5 Sources of strength
01:20:41 5.1 Charitable work
01:21:24 5.2 Dissatisfaction with the status quo
01:22:54 5.3 Identity politics
01:23:36 5.4 Islamic revival
01:25:24 5.5 State-sponsorship
01:25:33 5.5.1 Saudi Arabia
01:27:31 5.5.2 Qatar
01:32:57 5.5.3 Western patronage
01:35:04 5.6 Western alienation
01:37:21 6 Response
01:37:30 6.1 Criticism
01:37:59 6.2 Counter-response
01:38:50 7 Parties and organizations
01:39:00 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles or more specifically to movements which call for full implementation of sharia. It is commonly used interchangeably with the terms political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism. In academic usage, the term Islamism does not specify what vision of Islamic order or sharia are being advocated, or how their advocates intend to bring them about. In Western mass media it tends to refer to groups whose aim is to establish a sharia-based Islamic state, often with implication of violent tactics and human rights violations, and has acquired connotations of political extremism. In the Muslim world, the term has positive connotations among its proponents.Different currents of Islamist thought include advocating a revolutionary strategy of Islamizing society through exercise of state power, and alternately a reformist strategy to re-Islamizing society through grass-roots social and political activism. Islamists may emphasize the implementation of sharia (Islamic law); pan-Islamic political unity, including an Islamic state; or selective removal of non-Muslim, particularly Western military, economic, political, social, or cultural influences in the Muslim world that they believe to be incompatible with Islam.Graham Fuller has argued for a broader notion of Islamism as a form of identity politics, involving support for [Muslim] identity, authenticity, broader regionalism, revivalism, [and] revitalization of the community. Some authors hold the term Islamic activism to be synonymous and preferable to Islamism, and Rached Ghannouchi writes that Islamists prefer to use the term Islamic movement themselves.Central and prominent figures in twentieth-century Islamism include Hasan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, Abul Ala Maududi, and Ruhollah Khomeini. Most Islamist thinkers emphasize peaceful political processes, which are supported by the majority of contemporary Islamists. Others, Sayyid Qutb in particular, ...
Islamism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:48 1 Terminology
00:06:15 2 Overview
00:06:24 2.1 Definitions
00:09:36 2.2 Varieties
00:11:56 2.3 Relation to Islam
00:13:43 2.4 Influence
00:16:06 3 Types
00:16:15 3.1 Moderate Islamism
00:20:20 3.1.1 Post-Islamism
00:21:40 3.2 Salafi movement
00:24:24 3.2.1 Wahhabism
00:26:03 3.3 Militant Islamism/Jihadism
00:26:13 3.3.1 Qutbism
00:28:35 3.3.2 Salafi Jihadism
00:32:02 4 History
00:32:10 4.1 Predecessor movements
00:34:47 4.2 Early history
00:36:00 4.2.1 Muhammad Iqbal
00:38:20 4.2.2 Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
00:40:13 4.2.3 Muslim Brotherhood
00:42:13 4.2.4 Sayyid Qutb
00:43:55 4.3 Ascendance on international politics
00:44:05 4.3.1 Six-Day War (1967)
00:44:51 4.3.2 Iranian Revolution (1978–1979)
00:48:08 4.3.3 Grand Mosque seizure (1979)
00:49:57 4.3.4 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979–1989)
00:52:06 4.3.5 Persian Gulf War (1990–1991)
00:53:40 4.4 Rise of Islamism by country
00:53:50 4.4.1 Afghanistan (Taliban)
00:56:02 4.4.2 Algeria
00:57:49 4.4.3 Bangladesh
00:58:30 4.4.4 Belgium
00:58:55 4.4.5 Egypt (Jihadism)
01:01:13 4.4.6 Gaza (Hamas)
01:03:20 4.4.7 Pakistan
01:05:56 4.4.8 Sudan
01:07:47 4.4.9 Turkey
01:08:42 4.5 Contemporary era
01:08:51 4.5.1 By country
01:13:09 4.5.2 Hizb ut-Tahrir
01:15:47 4.5.3 Post-Arab Spring (2011-present)
01:18:13 4.5.4 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
01:20:22 5 Sources of strength
01:20:32 5.1 Charitable work
01:21:15 5.2 Dissatisfaction with the status quo
01:22:44 5.3 Identity politics
01:23:26 5.4 Islamic revival
01:25:13 5.5 State-sponsorship
01:25:22 5.5.1 Saudi Arabia
01:27:20 5.5.2 Qatar
01:32:46 5.5.3 Western patronage
01:34:52 5.6 Western alienation
01:37:08 6 Response
01:37:17 6.1 Criticism
01:37:47 6.2 Counter-response
01:38:39 7 Parties and organizations
01:38:49 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8823871247993558
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles or more specifically to movements which call for full implementation of sharia. It is commonly used interchangeably with the terms political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism. In academic usage, the term Islamism does not specify what vision of Islamic order or sharia are being advocated, or how their advocates intend to bring them about. In Western mass media it tends to refer to groups whose aim is to establish a sharia-based Islamic state, often with implication of violent tactics and human rights violations, and has acquired connotations of political extremism. In the Muslim world, the term has positive connotations among its proponents.Different currents of Islamist thought include advocating a revolutionary strategy of Islamizing society through exercise of state power, and alternately a reformist strategy to re-Islamizing society through grass-roots social and political activism. Islamists may emphasize the implementation of sharia (Islamic law); pan-Islamic political unity, including an Islamic state; or selective removal of non-Muslim, particularly Western military, economic, political, social, or cultural influences in the Muslim world that they believe to be incompatible with Islam.Graham Fuller has argued for a broader notion of Islamism as a form of identity politics, involving support for [Muslim] identity, authenticity, broader regionalism, revivalism, [and] revitalization of the community. Some authors hold the term Islamic activism to be synonymous and preferable to Islamism, and Rached Ghannouchi writes that Islamists prefer to use the term Islamic movement themselves.Central and prominent figures in twentieth-century Islamism include Hasan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, Abul Ala Maudu ...
State of Alabama | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:14 1 Etymology
00:04:34 2 History
00:04:43 2.1 Pre-European settlement
00:06:29 2.2 European settlement
00:09:15 2.3 Early 19th century
00:12:16 2.3.1 Civil War and Reconstruction
00:15:43 2.4 20th century
00:26:51 3 Geography
00:30:23 3.1 Climate
00:34:59 3.2 Flora and fauna
00:36:28 4 Demographics
00:37:53 4.1 Ancestry
00:42:02 4.2 Census-designated and metropolitan areas
00:42:14 4.3 Cities
00:42:22 4.4 Language
00:43:25 4.5 Religion
00:48:35 4.6 Health
00:49:20 5 Economy
00:53:24 5.1 Largest employers
00:53:45 5.2 Agriculture
00:54:22 5.3 Industry
00:58:29 5.4 Tourism
00:59:11 5.5 Healthcare
00:59:33 5.6 Banking
01:00:56 5.7 Electronics
01:01:36 5.8 Construction
01:02:06 6 Law and government
01:02:16 6.1 State government
01:07:55 6.2 Taxes
01:10:30 6.3 County and local governments
01:13:32 6.4 Politics
01:17:00 6.5 Elections
01:17:09 6.5.1 State elections
01:19:53 6.5.2 Local elections
01:21:12 6.5.3 Federal elections
01:22:04 7 Education
01:22:14 7.1 Primary and secondary education
01:24:28 7.2 Colleges and universities
01:27:26 8 Media
01:30:22 9 Culture
01:30:31 9.1 Literature
01:30:40 9.2 Sports
01:30:49 9.2.1 College sports
01:32:27 9.2.2 Professional sports
01:33:40 10 Transportation
01:33:49 10.1 Aviation
01:34:22 10.2 Rail
01:34:43 10.3 Roads
01:36:56 10.4 Ports
01:37:44 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9293620006309216
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state.Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State. The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana.From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and otherwise discriminate against African Americans from the end of the Reconstruction Era up until at least the 1970s. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s. During this time, urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state's economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.
Islamism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Islamism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles or more specifically to movements which call for full implementation of sharia. It is commonly used interchangeably with the terms political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism. In academic usage, the term Islamism does not specify what vision of Islamic order or sharia are being advocated, or how their advocates intend to bring them about. In Western mass media it tends to refer to groups whose aim is to establish a sharia-based Islamic state, often with implication of violent tactics and human rights violations, and has acquired connotations of political extremism. In the Muslim world, the term has positive connotations among its proponents.Different currents of Islamist thought include advocating a revolutionary strategy of Islamizing society through exercise of state power, and alternately a reformist strategy to re-Islamizing society through grass-roots social and political activism. Islamists may emphasize the implementation of sharia (Islamic law); pan-Islamic political unity, including an Islamic state; or selective removal of non-Muslim, particularly Western military, economic, political, social, or cultural influences in the Muslim world that they believe to be incompatible with Islam.Graham Fuller has argued for a broader notion of Islamism as a form of identity politics, involving support for [Muslim] identity, authenticity, broader regionalism, revivalism, [and] revitalization of the community. Some authors hold the term Islamic activism to be synonymous and preferable to Islamism, and Rached Ghannouchi writes that Islamists prefer to use the term Islamic movement themselves.Central and prominent figures in twentieth-century Islamism include Hasan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, Abul Ala Maududi, and Ruhollah Khomeini. Most Islamist thinkers emphasize peaceful political processes, which are supported by the majority of contemporary Islamists. Others, Sayyid Qutb in particular, called for violence, and his followers are generally considered Islamic extremists, although Qutb denounced the killing of innocents.
According to Robin Wright, Islamist movements have arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence, redefining politics and even borders. Following the Arab Spring, some Islamist currents became heavily involved in democratic politics, while others spawned the most aggressive and ambitious Islamist militia to date, ISIS.
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