Funeral Of Kemal Atatürk: Former President of Turkey (1938) | British Pathé
This silent footage from 1938 shows the funeral of former President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk of Turkey along with numerous soldiers and dignitaries marching with the coffin in tribute.
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(FILM ID:570.07)
Unused / unissued material - no paperwork - dates unclear or unknown.
Funeral of the late politician and President of Turkey Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Constantinople, Turkey.
Various L/S's of liner off the coast of Constantinople, the Turkish flag waves in the wind. Several shots of bald elderly gentlemen looking out to sea from a ship (could be a German ambassador). Numerous shots of Turkish and German battleships. L/S of two smartly dressed dignitaries walking up stairs followed by others. C/U's of elderly man. Numerous shots of very large country house surrounded by picturesque gardens.
L/S of submarine and battleships. M/S's of senior naval officers saluting (could be an Italian ship) on deck of battleship. L/S's of battleships. C/U of tricolour flag blowing in the wind (looks like the Italian Flag). L/S's of funeral procession of Ataturk making it's way through streets of the city. The procession is led by numerous military soldiers and is followed by the funeral carriage, the coffin is draped with the Turkish flag. Guards line the route of the procession.
L/S of various dignitaries the elderly gentlemen in top-hat at the front could be Ataturk's successor Ismet Paza Inonu. L/S's of the coffin being carried past large statue of man on horse and into church. L/S's and M/S's of large crowds outside the church. M/S of coffin lying in state in the church draped with flag. L/S's of soldiers marching.
L/S's of soldiers puling the funeral carriage. L/S's of smoke billowing from the funnels of battleships. L/S of sailors on deck of ship. L/S's of Ataturk's coffin surrounded by many floral wreaths and draped in a very large Turkish flag. Two military officials stand either side of the coffin. L/S's of floral wreaths lining wall in street.
L/S's of floral wreaths lining street. Several shots of military pall bearers carrying Ataturk's coffin. M/S's of numerous foreign dignitaries and military officials standing watching the proceedings. L/S's of soldiers (from different countries ?) marching past funeral carriage. Various shots of dignitaries and soldiers marching. M/S's of crowds watching the proceedings. L/S's of uniformed guards marching. L/S of of large old building (could be a palace).
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Anıtkabir, Mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, Ankara, Turkey
Anıtkabir, Mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, Ankara, Turkey Anıtkabir or Ataturk Mausoleum is situated in the Ankara, which is the capital of Turkey and home to one of the country’s most significant masterpieces. This notable example of
Being nationalist leader of Turkish people and founder, Atatürk is the first president of the republic of Turkey. He is not only important for Turks but also the other people from many different countries. When he died on 10 November 1938, his glorious tomb was buried in Anıtkabir, Ankara.Ataturk did not say anything where he wanted to be buried before he died. However, while he was conversing with his friends, he stated that of course I will die someday. If I die, Çankaya (a province of Ankara) is very good location for my grave. Because of that, the Turkish people tried to fulfil his request in order to reflect their love and respect against him.Once upon a time there were many Phrygian graves (the ruins of tumulus) belonging to B.C XII century in today’s Anıtkabir. Within those tombs includes valuable goods but later they were sent to the Archaeological Museum.Its place was determined by Turkish deputy Mithat Aydın and the Turk committee of the period. Rasattepe with 906 altitudes was chosen for that famous Ataturk's tomb. Moreover, there was regulated an international competition by the same committee in 1941. Totally 47 countries with valuable projects such as Turkey, Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, France, Czechoslovakia were participated in this contest.At last the projects belonging to Professor Emin Onat and Associate Professor Orhan Arda were accepted. The construction of Anıtkabir was firstly begun in 1944 but later it was completed in 1953. Inn the First Section: It was made the adjustment of land level for the tomb. Additionally, the Reliance Wall (Istinat Duvarı in Turkish) was built on the lion road leaning down Ataturk’s mausoleum. It was completed in one year.In the Second Part: It covers the area of tomb, ceremony and around buildings added later. Also the project of monument’s mass had been planned within that place. Entry towers and an important section of that fascinating organization were finished here. Surrogated by many various trees such as Acacias, Ash Threes, Elm, Honeysuckle, Silverberry and Tamarisk Trees, that location contains the water system which creates a ravishing atmosphere. It takes 5 years.In the Third Place: The roads meeting the monument and Lion Road were finished in that space. The Parade (Ceremony) Ground and the tomb were furnished here. Moreover, the steps of stairs were made in that location.The Last Section: It is the last grade of the building breath-taking Anıtkabir. Honour Hall and the vaults were built here. That part was ornamented with the amazing stone profiles and eaves motifs which reflect Seljuk and Italian architectural syles.Covering 15 m2 areas, Anıtkabir is surrogated Istiklal (Liberty) and Hurriyet (Independence) Towers, Lion Road, Mehmetçik, Müdafa-I Hukuk, Republic, Victory, Revolution, Misak-I Milli (National Pact) and 23 April Towers.Its walls made from dark coloured Bilecik marble are 32 X 60 m in seizes and 20 m in the high. The ceiling of Big Saloon was furnished with the gold mosaics.
Located on the Anıtkabir, that glorious museum consists of Ataturk’s shave sets, sticks, gifts and other his possessions like many photographs about him and his valuable family. In addition to this, the weapons of famous Sabiha Gökçen (the first woman combat pilot) and Afet İnan (foster child of Ataturk) and the mini Koran belonging to Rukiye Erkine (another adopted daughter of him) given by Ataturk as a present were exhibited here.Moreover, there is found a special library of him. One of the most important books in here is surely ‘’Nutuk’’. Among of the other books are Turk and Islam History, Literature, Social Sciences, Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, French, English, German, Russian, Arabic, Persian, Slavic Books. Totally 3115 books are found here.
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Worship Statue | Worship | Neang Paun
Worship
Worship Statue
Neang Paun
Statue of Honor (Turkish: Onur Anıtı), aka Atatürk Monument, is a monument situated at Atatürk Park in İlkadım district of Samsun, Turkey dedicated to the landing of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Samsun initiating what is later termed the Turkish War of Independence. The monument became the landmark of Samsun.[1]. The equestrian statue of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was commissioned in 1927 by the province governor of Samsun, Kâzım Pasha (İnanç) to the Austrian sculptor Heinrich Krippel, who had won the juried art competition to create the Victory Monument in Ankara depicting equestrian Atatürk.[2] The construction of the bronze statue took place in Vienna from 1928 to 1931.[3] It was mounted on its base in Samsun on October 29, 1931, the Republic Day. The monument was officially inaugurated on January 15, 1932. It is the thirteenth monument to Atatürk and Krippel's fourth artwork in Turkey.[4]
The bronze statue depicting equestrian Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is 4.75 m (15.6 ft) high while the total height of the monument is 8.85 m (29.0 ft).[5] In addition to the honarary to the artist of US$5,500, the construction of the monument cost US$37,000.[6][7]
The statue's metal casting process was carried out at Vereinigte Metallwerke in Austria. The 32 pieces were transported in boxes from Hamburg, Germany to Turkey abord SS Nicea of the Deutsche Levante-Linie arriving in Samsun on October 15, 1931.[8][9]
Turkey Mourns Kemal Ataturk (1938)
Item title reads - Turkey mourns Kemal Ataturk.
Various shots of Kemal Ataturk sat around a table with other politicians, he speaks, M/S profile of him. C/U of his successor General Ismet Inonu. L/S of Istanbul, various shots of the city, a truck drives down the street. M/S of Turkish women sat around threading leaves onto spikes. M/S of ladies being fitted for clothes. M/S of two oxen pulling a plough, M/S of a tractor pulling a plough. L/S of workers in a factory. A substance is poured into a big vat.
L/S of a school, M/S of girls and boys together in the classroom. Various shots as a girl reads a Latin book about Ataturk. M/S of him in the garden with his adopted daughter. M/S as he hands her something. M/S as she writes on a blackboard, M/S profile of him smoking. M/S as he writes and looks in a book. M/S of a statue of Ataturk on a horse.
FILM ID:989.18
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Life paused in #Turkey at 9 05 am to show respect for the founder of Modern Turkey
symbol, white, cityscape, european, horse, square, turkey - middle east, samsun, turk, freedom, bronze, statue, modern, ulus, history, old, landmark, building, republic, country, president, travel, culture, blue, ankara, atatürk, architecture, monument, tourism, city, turkish, turkey, kemal, sky, day, independence, mustafa, historical, leader, soldier, outdoors, people, sculpture, center, historic, famous, art, man, national, street
Turkey: Thousands form world’s biggest portrait of Ataturk
Video ID: 20140826-045
M/S People gathering outside mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
W/S People gathering outside mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
W/S People gathering outside mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
M/S Man marking heart sign with hands
W/S People forming portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
M/S People marking heart sign with hands
W/S People marking heart sign with hands
W/S People forming portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
W/S People forming portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
W/S People leaving
SCRIPT
Around 6,000 people gathered outside the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Ankara, Tuesday, in an attempt to form the world's largest portrait of the founder of the Republic of Turkey.
In a bid for the Guinness World Record, the participants clad in black outfits stood still for thirty minutes while a helicopter hovered over carrying Guinness World Records staff.
The event, led by photographer Cumhur Aygun, came ahead of Turkey's Victory Day on August 30, and celebrated the anniversary of the Battle of Dumlupinar, the last in the Turkish War of Independence.
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Changing the Guard - Ataturk Mausoleum, Ankara
Heykel in Ankara (January 2013)
A drive by of the equestrian statue of Ataturk in Ankara.
This was one of the first figurative public sculptures in the new Turkish republic.
Turkey November 2015
Dr Kevin Soh. 3 Mount Elizabeth, #07-02, Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore 228510
Nine Days in Turkey
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If you prefer to read, rather than watch the video, here’s the transcript.
0:03 – Day 1: Istanbul to Canakkale. Hippodrome Square (Sultanahmet Meydani). Blue Mosque (mosque of Sultan Ahmet III). Topkapi Palace. In Topkapi Palace, you will find the Sacred Relics of Abraham, Muhammad (footprint), Moses (staff used to part the Red Sea), Joseph (turban), David (sword) and Joseph. Bosphorus Straits separate Europe from Asia. Car Ferry ride from Gallipoli (Europe) to Canakkale (Asia) across Sea of Marmara. Stay in Canakkale (Iris Hotel).
2:03 – Day 2: Canakkale to Kusadasi. Troy and its 9 archaeological layers. Trojan horse. Take a cable car up to see the ancient city of Acropolis in Pergamon (Bergama). Turkish Delight tasting in Selcuk. Stay in Kusadasi (LeBleu Hotel and Resort Kusadasi).
5:13 – Day 3: Kusadasi to Pamukkale. Emelda leather factory fashion show at Camlik. House of Virgin Mary. The archaeological site of Ephesus. Goddess NIKE – the Greek goddess of Victory. Library of Celsus in Ephesus. ICHTHYS – the secret symbol for Christians. Pamukkale, Hierapolis, Cotton Castle. Stay in Richmond Hotel Pamukkale.
8:57 – Day 4: Pamukkale, Konya, Cappadocia. A dessert made of thick yoghurt with honey and poppy seeds. Lunch at an interesting caravanserai. Mevlana Museum in Konya, home of the Mevlevi Whirling Dervishes, a mystical Sufi Muslim Group. The Sema Ceremony. Sultanhani Caravanserai in Aksaray. Stay in Uchisar Kaya Cappadocia – the first rock carved hotel in the world built into the soft tufa rocks. Enjoy Jacuzzi and Turkish Hamam.
11:25 – Day 5: The geologic splendour of Cappadocia. Hot air balloon. Nazars hanging from trees. Nazars are used to repel the curse of the evil eye. Goreme open air museum – the finest of rock cut churches with beautiful frescoes. Ceramic and pottery factory. Underground city of Kaymakli (8 storeys deep). Belly and folklore dance performance (Evranos Restaurant is a rock carved restaurant). Stay second night in Uchisar Kaya Cappadocia.
18:14 – Day 6: Cappadocia, Ankara, Bolu. Salt Lake (Tuz Golu). Ataturk Mausoleum. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk “Father of Modern Turkey”. Visit to Ankara Castle. Houses of the Ottoman Empire. Museum of Ancient Anatolian Civilisations. Stay in Koru Hotel in Boru.
19:17 – Day 7: Bolu to Istanbul. Taksim Square. Monument of the Republic. Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) Museum. Grand Bazaar (has more than 3,000 shops). Stay in Sheraton Maslak Istanbul Hotel.
20:59 – Day 8: Istanbul. Istinye Park Shopping Mall. Eminonu. Egyptian Market (Spice Bazaar). Forum Istanbul (the biggest shopping mall in Istanbul, housing Sea Life Aquarium and Legoland Discovery Centre).
Ataturk,Turkish Epics and Digital Artworks by Cihan Engin
Music: Thomas J. Bergersen
Mausoleum of Ataturk, Kaymakli Kupdegra's photos around Cappadocia, Turkey (central anatolia)
Preview of Kupdegra's blog at TravelPod. Read the full blog here:
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Entry from: Cappadocia, Turkey
Entry Title: Mausoleum of Ataturk, Kaymakli
Entry:
Ankara We get off the bus at the top of a hill and walk up to a large patio area with pieces of antiquities scattered about. It's like being in a statue cemetery. A good place for some fun photos I'm thinking. Mufasta tells us to gather up and head to the building at the end of the courtyard. Not a large building, and probably not much time will be spent here, but I do like museums, and can usually find something that will interest me. The gift shop is first. That's a pass, except for a quick look from Julie . If the small exhibit at the end of the gift shop is all there is in this museum, then we are out of here in 5 minutes. Mufasta is now in front and motioning us all down to the area. My jaw just dropped. And I can't believe the antiquities in this museum. On the walls are sections of stone wall carvings from ancient caves. They are vividly painted and their colors have not faded over time. We start in the Paleolithic age, over 2.5 million years ago, when people lived in caves, hunted and collected their food . The age is represented by the remains discovered in the Antalya Karain Cave. The stone and bone tools of the people of that Age are exhibited. Neolithic age (8000-5500) During this age food production began and first settlements were established by the communities of this age, the artefacts of the age were discovered in two important centers of the age, namely Catalhoyuk and Hacilar are exhibited in the museum. The remains include the mother goddess sculptures, stamps, earthenware containers, agricultural tools made of bone. Chalcolithic Age (Copper-Stone) (B.C. 5500-3000): In addition to stone tools, copper was processed and used in daily life during this age, and rich remains dating from this Age were discovered in Hacýlar, Canhasan, Tilkitepe, Alacahoyuk and Alisar are exhibited in the museum. Early Bronze Age (B.C. 3000-1950): The people living in Anatolia in the beginning of third millennium B.C. added tin to copper and alloy to copper and invented bronze. They also worked all metals of the age with casting and hammering techniques. Valuable metals, magnificent death presents discovered from royal tombs of Alacahöyük, ruins from Hasanoðlan, Mahmatlar, Eskiyapar, Horoztepe, Karaoðlan, Merzifon, Etiyokuþu, Ahlatlýbel, Karayavþan, Bolu, Beycesultan Semahöyük, Karaz-Tilki tepe constitute the rich Old Bronze Age. Hittite Period (B.C. 1750-1200): The first political union in Anatolia in second millennium was established by the Hittites in the Kýzýlýrmak basin. The capital city was Bogazkoy (Hattusa) and other important centers were Ýnandýk, Eskiyapar, Alacahöyük, Aliþar, Ferzant. Embossed bull figure containers, earthenware artifacts, tablets of government archives, seals in the name of the king can be seen. Phyrgian Period.(B.C. 1200-700) : The Phrygians immigrated from the Balkans in the 1200s and acquired control over Anatolia, their center was Gordion. The works of art discovered in Gordion and its ruins are the best examples of the Phrygians and are exhibited in the museum. Late Hittite Period (B.C. 1200-700) : Upon end of the Hittite Empire, some Hittite communities established province states in south and south-east Anatolia, and the Late Hittite Principalities period ensued. Malatya-Arslantepe, Karkamus, (Carchemish) and Sakçagözü are some important Late Hittite settlements. Urartian Period (B.C. 1200-600) : The Urartian civilization reached an advanced architecture and mining technology in centers like Aluntepe, Adilcevaz, Kayalýdere, Patnos, Pat, Van, Çavuþtepe and thrived during the same times as the Phrygians. Lydian Period (B.C. 1200-546 The origin of Lydian art comes from ...
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Photos from this trip:
1. Display
2. The bus
3. Or
4. Meal and restroom stop.
5. Walking up the the Mausoleum of Ataturk
6. Close up of the Womens statue.
7. Close up of the Men's statue.'
8. Kim finds a statue.
9. Julie finds one too.
10. Statues at the end of the Street of the Lions.
11. The men and the women statures.
12. The changing of the Guard.
13. The march.
14. Cute school kids
15. Ataturks final resting place
16. Description.
17. The 40 ton coffin
18. A flying Carpet.
19. The honor guard at the window wall
20. The flying carpet and tomb.
21. Ataturk
22. Sculptures
23. Another life size sculpture
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Stone-work at the mausoleum of Ataturk - March 29, 2008, 10
My life in fifteen second chunks. In this chunk: a look around the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - marbles and travertine abound
Respect to Mehmetçik Monument, Eceabat, Gallipoli Peninsula, Çanakkale Province, Turkey, Europe
The Respect to Mehmetçik Memorial is a monument in the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey. Mehmetçik is a common name given to soldiers in a war, just like G.I.. The monument is located in the Eceabat district of Çanakkale Province in the southern end of Albayrak heights in the Gallipoli Historical National Park which is facing the Anzac Cove. The monument has been created by the Turkish sculptor Tankut Öktem (1941-2007) in 1997. The monument is a sculpture of a Turkish soldier carrying an Australian officer. The sculpture is based on an event in the Dardanelles Campaign of the World War I in which a Turkish soldier, after raising a white flag, carried a wounded Australian officer to Australian lines and returned to his lines before resuming the clash. There is also an inscription of a statement made by Lord Richard Casey then a lieutenant and the staff captain with the 3rd Brigade in the Australian army, during a visit to Turkey about his respect to Turkish army.
LAVAL and BIDAULT DEPART FOR TURKEY IN ANKARA
LS large municipal building with Turkish flags flying. CU of Turkish flag (which is hanging down rather than sideways). CU of French flag (ditto). CU of sign: Ankara. Interior of train station with French and Turkish flags flying . Train arriving at platform. Various shots dignitaries meeting and shaking hands. LS of ornate Turkish building. LAS statue of man on horse. Dignitaries walk up step of building with wreath. Various shots of dignitaries. Ismet Inonu the Turkish President may be one of the dignitaries present, along with other Turkish politicians. French visitor has not been identified but could be Edouard Herriot. He is seen meeting many different Turkish VIPs and standing with a group of women.
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World War 1 Turk forces retreating. Cattle pull wagons. Cavalry with lances. Troo...HD Stock Footage
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World War 1 Turk forces retreating. Cattle pull wagons. Cavalry with lances. Troop column with camels. Field hospital.
Turkish soldiers retreating from front during World War I, using cattle to pull their equipment and supplies. Turkish cavalry on horseback carrying lances. Turkish troop column using camels to carry equipment and supplies. Turkish military field hospital with a huge, white flag with red crescent laid out in center of encampment to identify it as hospital, from the air. Officers outside the tents and palm trees in the background. Turkish supply wagon train using cattle to pull wagons and carts having solid wooden wheels. Some wagons are covered. Location: Turkey. Date: 1918.
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Size matters - especially for Atatürk
There was an interesting story in the Hürriyet Daily News on Feb. 18, titled “Atatürk’s real height revealed by Turkish General Staff.” Turkey’s generals had opened a new website that conveyed important truths about the founder of the Turkish Republic, including his “real height.” The “Father of the Turks” was 5 feet 7 inches (1.74 meters) tall, the site proudly noted, “as opposed to previous reports that claimed his height was 5 feet 5 inches (1.68 meters).”
This, as you might expect, raised some questioning, and giggling, in popular media such as Twitter. People asked why the Turkish military, an institution whose job must be national security rather than historical scrutiny, would claim to establish facts about a political leader who died some 75 years ago.
Also, some wondered why the “real height” of that leader would be a matter of such importance.
The answers to these questions were not that hard to find, though. First, unlike any other military in any democratic country, the Turkish military is extremely ideological, proudly subscribing to a doctrine called “Kemalism,” created partly by (and partly in the name of) Kemal Atatürk, Turkey’s first president.
Moreover, Kemalism is not just a political ideology, but also a cult of personality. That is why the Turkish Constitution, imposed in 1982 by a military junta, begins by praising Atatürk as the “immortal leader and unrivaled hero.” That is also why his statues and photos are present every public space, in an abundance that is overshadowed only by the presence of Kim Il Sung in North Korea.
Furthermore, the Kemalist cult of personality venerates not only the genius of Atatürk, but also his physical features. A poem which is titled “I am thinking of Mustafa Kemal,” and which is memorized by all school children, begins with the following lines:
“He is on a horse whose manes are from fire,
He is taking over huge mountains, endless seas,
His golden hair floats in the wind
His blue eyes shine like stars.”
However, there has been one physical feature of Atatürk that Kemalists have not found too helpful to emphasize: That he was not terribly tall. There is even a rude joke telling how he once went to a little town in Anatolia, where the locals - who had expected a giant - were disappointed with his height and his not-so-baritone voice.
Of course, like all of us, Atatürk was the way he was created, and his physical features should not say anything about his life, mission and ideas. But minds tuned for cult of personalities apparently don’t think way, and hence we are having Turkish military websites telling us that Atatürk was taller than what people think.
Now, the readers of this column are probably aware that I am quite critical of this Kemalist cult of personality. I have condemned it as irrational, infantilizing and authoritarian. And I still stand by these criticisms.
However, the more Turkey unfolds, the more I see that I should be a bit more lenient on the Kemalists on this issue for a simple reason: They are not the only one. Kurdish nationalists worship their own “supreme leader, Abdullah Öcalan. Some religious conservativeshave recently begun to elevate Prime Minister Erdoğan to similar heights. In all these camps, there is a tendency to have a super-strong leader who will be always followed and venerated, but never questioned and criticized. And herein lies, I believe, some of the roots of Turkey’s ever-present liberalism deficit.
Metin YURDANUR - İÇİMİZDEN BİRİ (TRT 2014) (with Eng.sub.option)
Heykeltraş Metin YURDANUR: Kente Derin Bir Dokunuş
Yönetmen:Sevim KARAKAYA
Yapımcı: Sevgi KARTARI
Türkiye’nin ilk sivil heykellerini yapan heykeltraşlardan biri olan Metin YURDANUR , sanata adanmış hayatını, heykellerini ortaya çıkarırken etkilendiği ve beslendiği kaynakları, eserlerinin fikir aşamasından meydanlara yerleştirilme anına kadarki süreçleri ve özel yaşamını anlatıyor.
Mustafa - Can Dündar 2008
Bu belgesel M. Kamal’in kişisel hayatına ağırlık vermesiyle beraber ”prensiplerimizi gökten indiği sanılan kitapların dogmalarıyla asla bir tutmamalıdır” gibi sözlerinin canlı belgelerini içermesiyle de önem taşır.
Yapılan belgeseller, Türkiye ölçeğiyle sınırlı, belli bir dönemle kısıtlı ve resmi bir dilde tutsak kaldı. Selânik'ten Dolmabahçe'ye kadar hayatını başından sonuna mercek altına alan, onu şablonlardan uzak olarak askeri, siyasi, insani boyutlarıyla anlatan bir filmin eksikliği hep hissedildi. Mustafa, işte bu ihtiyaca cevaben hazırlandı. Film için Cumhurbaşkanlığı ve Genelkurmay Başkanlığı arşivleri başta olmak üzere, yerli ve yabancı pek çok arşiv özel izinle açıldı. Atatürk'ün daha önce görülmemiş fotoğraflarına, hatıralarını yazdığı not defterlerine, yakınlarına yolladığı çok özel mektuplarına, günlüğüne, el yazmalarına ulaşıldı.
Letter from Gallipoli 23 May 1915 read by Wilson Kelly
Read as part of 'Remember them all' a memorial concert in Brisbane on Anzac Day 2018, marking the centenary of the First World War. The author was Reverend George Green (Central Queensland) Anglican Chaplain serving with the 1st Light Horse Brigade AIF at Gallipoli. The letter was sourced from the State Library of Queensland in Brisbane.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | Wikipedia audio article
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (; Turkish: [mustaˈfa ceˈmal aˈtaˌtyɾc]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal (Mareşal), revolutionary statesman, author, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became known as Kemalism.
Atatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the Empire's defeat and subsequent dissolution, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted the mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. He subsequently proceeded to abolish the decrepit Ottoman Empire and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place.
As the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive, and secular nation-state. He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish women received equal civil and political rights during Atatürk's presidency ahead of many Western countries. In particular, women were given voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later, in 1934, full universal suffrage, earlier than most other countries in the world.His government carried out a policy of Turkicisation trying to create a homogeneous and unified nation. Under Atatürk, non-Turkish minorities were pressured to speak Turkish in public, non-Turkish toponyms and last names of minorities had to be changed to Turkish renditions. The Turkish Parliament granted him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which means Father of the Turks, in recognition of the role he played in building the modern Turkish Republic. He died on 10 November 1938 at the age of 57 in Dolmabahçe Palace; he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral. In 1953, his iconic mausoleum was built and opened, which is surrounded by a park called the Peace Park in honor of his famous expression Peace at Home, Peace in the World.
In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the UN and UNESCO, which declared it The Atatürk Year in the World and adopted the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, describing him as the leader of the first struggle given against colonialism and imperialism and a remarkable promoter of the sense of understanding between peoples and durable peace between the nations of the world and that he worked all his life for the development of harmony and cooperation between peoples without distinction. Atatürk is commemorated by many memorials throughout Turkey and numerous countries all over the world, where place names are named in honor of him. Eleftherios Venizelos, former Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atatürk's name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.