Somewhere NICE : Skopje - Republic of North Macedonia
Fire meets with people. Let it burn ! Here we take you to The monument Fallen Heroes of Macedonia
2nd Cavalry Regiment Soldiers host dignitaries in Macedonia
Credit: Spc. brandon keys | Date Taken: 07/31/2017
2nd cavalry regiment soldiers greet Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev, Minister of Defense Radmila Sherkerinska, and US Ambassador to the Republic of Macedonia Jess L. Baily, on distinguished visitors day at Krivolak Training Area, July 31, 2017. 2CR is in Macedonia as part of Operation Atlantic Resolve, which seeks to strengthen relationships, and continue multinational training and security cooperation activities with partners in Eastern Europe.
My Macedonia - Land of Immortals
My Macedonia - Land of immortals /
Author and edit : Martin Presilski
NO COPYRIGHTS FOR THE VIDEO MATERIALS & MUSIC COVER
PROPERTY OF MINISTRY OF CULTURE OF REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
SOUNDTRACK : TWO STEPS FROM HELL /
2014'
Travel to Macedonia
travel to macedonia
kosmostrip.net
DAY 5: Belgrade - Sremski Karlovci - Novi Sad
Breakfast. Walking tour in Belgrade from the Republic Square along the main pedestrian street (“Knez Mihaylova”) to Kalemegdan Park and the Belgrade Fortress with its picturesque panorama to the confluence of Sava and Danube rivers. In the afternoon optional tour to Sremski Karlovci and Novi Sad. Sremski Karlovci has been the most important cultural center of Serbs under the rule of the Habsburg Empire, seat of the Serbian Archbishop and, till 1936, of the Serbian Patriarch. It is also one of the most important wine-production regions in Serbia, where you can visit some of dozens of local family wineries, the oldest of which have more than 3 centuries of history. Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia, known as the Serbian Athens for its great role in the Revival of the Serbian people – here is the seat of some of the most important Serbian cultural institutions, including Matica Srpska. Here, on the shore of Danube River, you can witness one of the most impressive fortresses in Europe – Petrovaradin, called “Gibraltar on Danube” – masterpiece of the fortification construction of the 18th century.
Return to Belgrade in the evening. On request – traditional Serbian dinner in local restaurant – “kafana”, with live music. Overnight in Belgrade.
DAY 6: Nish - Skopje
Breakfast. Departure for Nish. Sightseeing of the town: Nish fortress built by the Turks in the 18th century, the Tower of Skulls (Chele Kula) – monument to the fallen Serbian soldiers in the uprising of 1809, Villa Mediana – archaeological reserve, Roman villa-rustica from the 3rd century, probable birthplace of the Roman emperor – Constantine the Great. From here we continue to the Republic of Macedonia. Accommodation in Skopje in the evening. Overnight in Skopje.
DAY 7: Skopje - Skopje surroundings
Breakfast. Walking tour of Skopje (appr. 2 hours): Macedonia Square with the sculptural compositions from the project “Skopje 2014”, among which the monument of Alexander the Great and the Arch of Triumph “Macedonia”, Memorial house of Mother Theresa, dedicated to the world-famous missionary from Skopje, Old Bridge, the old Turkish market (“charshiya”), St. Spas church where you can witness one of the most beautiful wood-carved iconostases on the Balkan peninsula, created by Debar masters in 1824. Free time. In the afternoon – optional half-day tour (appr. 5 hours) to Matka Canyon and St. Andrew Monastery, founded in 1389, and boat trip along river Treska to the cave Ubava for a walk among the beautiful sandstone formations, some of which unique on the Balkans.
Return to Skopje. Optional Macedonian evening with live music and dances. Overnight in Skopje.
DAY 8: Skopje - Rila Monastery - Sofia
Breakfast. Drive to Sofia. Along the route, visit to one of the most beautiful and important Orthodox monasteries included in the list of UNESCO - Rila Monastery. The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin with its miraculous icon of the Virgin and splendid gilded iconostasis, the Monastery kitchen, the Rila Monastery Museum keeping the long and heroic history of the monastery, the beautiful wood-carved cross, created for a period of twelve years by a monk called Rafael, the Hrelyu's Tower and many spectacular views from the mountain and the surrounding nature are the highlights of this tour. Arrival in Sofia and accommodation. Overnight in Sofia.
DAY 9: Sofia
Breakfast. Transfer to the airport and departure.
* In case departure is from Skopje, the last overnight will be in Skopje and the tourist program for day 8 will include a visit to Osogovo Monastery in Macedonia.
Paint-bombing of Government HQ's Fence in Skopje, FYROM, 31-V-2016
Paint-bombing of the central Government building' fence by members of the United Opposition of FYROM, Tuesday, 31th of May 2016 by members of the Polychromatic Revolution movement.
Бојење ограде зграде Владе у Скопљу, БЈРМ, 31 мај 2016.
Србија, Јужна Србија, БЈРМ, Скопље, Скопје, Шарена Револуција, Опозиција, Вести, Serbia, Southern Serbia, Serbs, Slavs, Citizens, Skoplje, Skopje, Paint, Paintbombing, Paint-bombing, Government, Building, Palace, City, Facade, Riot, Rally, Protest, News, Politics, FYROM, Former, Yugoslav, Republic, Of, Macedonia, Ειδήσεις, Πολιτική, ΠΓΔΜ, Σκόπια,
11 Октомври 1944 - востанието против фашистите
11.10.2009
Македонија ја одбележа 68 годишнината од востанието против фашистите
68th anniversary since the start of the Day of People's Uprising against Fascism & National Liberation War The Republic of Macedonia marked the 68th anniversary since the start of the Day of People's Uprising against Fascism and National Liberation War. The Macedonian people responded to the fascist occupation by organizing an insurrection. At that time the first sabotage units were created. Kumanovo and Prilep detachments were founded, their actions started on October 11, 1941 being the beginning of the Macedonian people uprising. During 1942 the partisan movement were also in ascent. Nine detachments were founded acting on a large territory. During the winter and the spring in 1944, the Macedonian Army has taken important military actions (the February march, the Spring offensive), causing great damage to the Bulgarian fascist occupiers. During the period of 1944 the network of governmental organs in Macedonia has been spread, over 800 in number. The preparations for convocation of the ASNOM have been taken by the Headquarters General and the Initiative Board. Thus, by the end of the war, the Macedonian National Liberation Army numbered over 56,000 soldiers, and this part of Macedonia alone provided about 25,000 victims. The liberation of Macedonia by its own forces was an outstanding military and political accomplishment of the Macedonian people and at the same time it was a significant contribution by a small people to the anti-fascist struggle in the Balkans and Europe.
Macedonia naming dispute | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Macedonia naming dispute
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The use of the name Macedonia is disputed between the southeastern European countries of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia, formerly a state within Yugoslavia. Pertinent to its background is an early 20th-century multifaceted dispute and armed conflict that formed part of the background to the Balkan Wars. The specific naming dispute, although an existing issue in Yugoslav–Greek relations since World War II, was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly gained independence of the former Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1991. Since then, it has been an ongoing issue in bilateral and international relations.
The dispute arises from the ambiguity in nomenclature between the Republic of Macedonia, the adjacent Greek region of Macedonia and the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon (which falls mostly within Greek Macedonia). Citing historical and irredentist concerns, Greece opposes the use of the name Macedonia by the Republic of Macedonia without a geographical qualifier such as Northern Macedonia for use by all ... and for all purposes. As millions of ethnic Greeks identify themselves as Macedonians, unrelated to the Slavic people who are associated with the Republic of Macedonia, Greece further objects to the use of the term Macedonian for the neighboring country's largest ethnic group and its language. The Republic of Macedonia is accused of appropriating symbols and figures that are historically considered part of Greek culture such as the Vergina Sun and Alexander the Great, and of promoting the irredentist concept of a United Macedonia, which involves territorial claims on Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Serbia.
The dispute has escalated to the highest level of international mediation, involving numerous attempts to achieve a resolution. In 1995, the two countries formalised bilateral relations and committed to start negotiations on the naming issue, under the auspices of the United Nations. Until a solution is found, the provisional reference the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM) is used by international organisations and states which do not recognise translations of the constitutional name Republic of Macedonia (Република Македонија, Republika Makedonija). UN members, and the UN as a whole, have agreed to accept any final agreement on a new name resulting from negotiations between the two countries. The parties are represented by Ambassadors Vasko Naumovski and Adamantios Vassilakis, under the mediation of Matthew Nimetz. Nimetz has worked on the issue since 1994.On 12 June 2018 an agreement was reached between Greek prime minister Alexis Tsipras and his Macedonian counterpart Zoran Zaev, where the Republic of Macedonia could be renamed the Republic of North Macedonia. A referendum was held in the Republic of Macedonia on 30 September 2018, with voters overwhelmingly affirming support for EU and NATO membership by accepting the agreement, albeit with 37% voter turnout.
Czech Republic: 'Night Wolves' commemorate fallen Soviets at Olsany cemetery
Members of the Russian 'Night Wolves' Motorcycle Club visited Prague's Olsany cemetery on Wednesday, to commemorate the Soviet soldiers killed during World War II.
The bikers, accompanied by dozens of supporters and an Orthodox priest, carried flags of Russia and 'Novorossiya' and laid wreaths at the Soviet War Memorial after the priest blessed the monument. A few protesters wrapped in Ukrainian and European Union flags watched the ceremony from a distance.
Video ID: 20150506-009
Video on Demand:
Contact: cd@ruptly.tv
Twitter:
VK:
Facebook:
LiveLeak:
Vine:
Instagram:
Google Plus:
YouTube:
DailyMotion:
Short Fuse Hero - New Kind of Justice (live)
Short Fuse Hero hardcore underground band from Skopje,Macedonia.
Greek American Unity at DC 1992 - Macedonia Protest
United Greek Americans traveled to meet at Washington DC in 1992. Protesting the possible adoption of the Name Macedonia. After many years this still has not been resolved and in 2018 the people are still protesting. Broadcasted on Bostons BNN TV 1992
Ukraine: Zakharchenko leads commemoration at the Saur-Mogila memorial
Over 5,000 people marked Victory Day at the Saur-Mogila memorial to the east of Donetsk, Friday. Despite not having recovered from a wound, the head of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic Alexander Zakharchenko arrived at the site to congratulate veterans of the Great Patriotic War.
Video ID: 20150508-128
Video on Demand:
Contact: cd@ruptly.tv
Twitter:
Facebook:
LiveLeak:
Vine:
Instagram:
YouTube:
DailyMotion:
LIVE: Farewell ceremony for Russian military pilot Ryafagat Khabibullin takes place in Krasnodar
Video on Demand:
Contact: cd@ruptly.tv
Twitter:
Facebook:
Belgrade
Belgrade ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. Its name translates to White city. The city has a population of 1.23 million, while over 1.65 million people live in its metro area .
This video targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
World War II in Yugoslavia
Military operations in World War II on the territory of Yugoslavia started on 6 April 1941, when the kingdom was swiftly conquered by Axis forces and partitioned between Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and client regimes. Subsequently, a guerrilla liberation war was fought against the Axis occupying forces and their locally established puppet regimes, including the Independent State of Croatia and the Government of National Salvation in Serbia, by the Communist-led republican Yugoslav Partisans. Simultaneously, a multi-side civil war was waged between the Partisans, the Serbian royalist Chetnik movement, Croatian nationalist Ustaše and Home Guard, as well as Slovene Home Guard troops.
Both the Yugoslav Partisans and the Chetnik movement initially resisted the occupation. However, after 1941, Chetniks extensively and systematically collaborated with the Italian occupation forces until the Italian capitulation, and thereon also with German and Ustaše forces. The Axis mounted a series of offensives intended to destroy the Partisans, coming close to doing so in winter and spring of 1943. Despite the setbacks, the Partisans remained a credible fighting force, gaining recognition from the Western Allies and laying the foundations for the post-war Yugoslav state. With support in logistics and air power from the Western Allies, and Soviet ground troops in the Belgrade Offensive, the Partisans eventually gained control of the entire country and of border regions of Italy and Austria.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Black Pigeon Speaks Redpills On Yugoslavia
DRINKING GAME OF THE VIDEO: Probably coffee, we're going into a lot of detail here.
This video is protected under fair use as the content is transformative.
Black Pigeon Speaks has started a series supposedly redpilling people about the future of Europe. Unfortunately, Black Pigeon Speak's first attempt at this has fallen flat on its face, as it misses out a lot of nuance and doesn't break down the actual history and data surrounding the Yugoslav wars in a manner which accurately reflects reality. While I agree with a lot of Black Pigeon Speaks points in some of his other videos, his points in this were poorly researched and do too much concluding on too little data. It irritates me that he places me in a position where I have to defend Islam to an extent.
Original Video:
Ancient Historian's account of Illyria:
Medieval Bosnia (Hungary controlled parts of the balkans then before anybody says muh Carpathian Basin):
Statistics used for population and intermarrying:
Population figures are Inflated:
Census prior to Yugoslav Wars:
Relative ethnic group status within Yugoslavia:
My twitter:
My tumblr:
Intro Music source :
This music is fully public domain, thus isn't covered by copyright.
Втори лекционен тур с Лъчезар Бояджиев - 11 юни 2016 г.
Въведение в съвременното изкуство 2016 – София
Лекционни турове с Лъчезар Бояджиев
Втори тур - 11 юни 2016 г.
Тема: тела в града, човекът в действие и формиране на културното наследство - как се присъства в градската среда и как се формират музеите, какво е отношението между човек и наследство и как то бива интерпретирано, пресъздавано и преосмисляно в съвременното изкуство.
Маршрут: Църквата „Св. Неделя“, площад между Министерски съвет и Президенството, Ларгото, Църква „Св. Петка Самарджийска“, КАТ, бивш квартал „Червена звезда“, ул. „Николай Хайтов“, Музей на социалистическото изкуство
За шестото си издание в София платформата Въведение в съвременното изкуство стартира новия формат лекционни турове с художника Лъчезар Бояджиев. Платформата продължава образователната си линия за създаване на познание и съзнание за съвременното изкуство, а новият формат цели да предложи нов подход за включване на публиката и възприемането на изкуството и градската среда в по-широк контекст.
През май, юни, септември и октомври 2016 г. ще се проведат четири лекционни тура, всеки един от които със своя собствена тема, концепция и маршрут на различни локации в София в градска среда, паметници, галерии и музеи. Туровете са насочени към хора, които се занимават или интересуват от съвременно изкуство, но не е необходима предварителна подготовка или образование.
Повече информация:
Камера и монтаж: Калин Серапионов
-
„Въведение в съвременното изкуство” е проект на Фондация „Отворени изкуства” и Галерия SARIEV Contemporary.
Проектът „Въведение в съвременното изкуство” 2016 – София е финансиран от Столична програма „Култура” на Столична община за 2016 г.
С подкрепата на награда „Гауденц Б. Руф”.
Партньори: Национална художествена галерия
Медийни партньори: Виж! София, Timeart.me, Stand.bg, artnewscafé бюлетин, егоист.
News September 18, 2018
- Where Is China's Fan Bingbing?
- 'Speaking Up' to Prevent Child Marriage in Bangladesh
- Volkswagen to End Production of Famous Beetle
- Mattis Accuses Russia of Interfering in Macedonian Vote
- Deadly Typhoon Weakens After Hitting Philippines, China
- Study: Not Enough Exercise Leads to Sickness
Second Bulgarian Empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Second Bulgarian Empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Second Bulgarian Empire (Bulgarian: Второ българско царство, Vtorо Bălgarskо Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396. A successor to the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its power under Tsars Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II before gradually being conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. It was succeeded by the Principality and later Kingdom of Bulgaria in 1878.Until 1256, the Second Bulgarian Empire was the dominant power in the Balkans, defeating the Byzantine Empire in several major battles. In 1205 Emperor Kaloyan defeated the newly established Latin Empire in the Battle of Adrianople. His nephew Ivan Asen II defeated the Despotate of Epiros and made Bulgaria a regional power again. During his reign, Bulgaria spread from the Adriatic to the Black Sea and the economy flourished. In the late 13th century, however, the Empire declined under constant invasions by Mongols, Byzantines, Hungarians, and Serbs, as well as internal unrest and revolts. The 14th century saw a temporary recovery and stability, but also the peak of Balkan feudalism as central authorities gradually lost power in many regions. Bulgaria was divided into three parts on the eve of the Ottoman invasion.
Despite strong Byzantine influence, Bulgarian artists and architects created their own distinctive style. In the 14th century, during the period known as the Second Golden Age of Bulgarian culture, literature and art flourished. The capital city Tarnovo, which was considered a New Constantinople, became the country's main cultural hub and the centre of the Eastern Orthodox world for contemporary Bulgarians. After the Ottoman conquest, many Bulgarian clerics and scholars emigrated to Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia, and Russian principalities, where they introduced Bulgarian culture, books, and hesychastic ideas.
Byzantine Empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Byzantine Empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire simply as the Roman Empire (Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia Rhōmaiōn; Latin: Imperium Romanum), or Romania (Ῥωμανία), and to themselves as Romans.Several signal events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West divided. Constantine I (r. 324–337) reorganised the empire, made Constantinople the new capital, and legalised Christianity. Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and other religious practices were proscribed. Finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. Thus, although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was centred on Constantinople, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity.The borders of the empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including North Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582–602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination caused the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, which exhausted the empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Early Muslim conquests of the seventh century. In a matter of years the empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs. During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the empire again expanded and experienced the two-century long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia.
The empire recovered again during the Komnenian restoration, such that by the 12th century Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest European city. However, it was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked in 1204 and the territories that the empire formerly governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 14th and 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Byzantine Empire. The last of the imperial Byzantine successor states, the Empire of Trebizond, would be conquered by the Ottomans eight years later in the 1461 Siege of Trebizond.
Albanian nationalism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Albanian nationalism
00:02:30 1 History
00:02:39 1.1 Background
00:04:40 1.2 Eastern Crisis and Albanian National Awakening
00:08:44 1.3 Skanderbeg
00:10:35 1.4 Western influences and origin theories
00:14:43 1.5 Geopolitical consequences and legacy
00:19:16 2 Independence and Interwar period
00:26:49 3 World War Two
00:32:16 4 Albanian Nationalism during the People's Republic of Albania (1945–1991)
00:34:34 4.1 Origin theories during communism
00:36:16 4.2 Nationalism and religion
00:37:58 4.3 Name changes
00:39:30 5 Within Yugoslavia (Kosovo and Macedonia)
00:44:26 5.1 Dissidence and rise of nationalism
00:46:24 5.2 Late 1980s and early 1990s
00:48:45 5.3 Kosovo conflict (1990s) and Kosovan independence (2000s)
00:50:26 6 Contemporary Albanian Nationalism in the Balkans
00:50:38 6.1 Albania
00:52:43 6.1.1 Influence of origin theories in contemporary society and politics
00:55:33 6.2 Kosovo and Republic of Macedonia
01:03:55 7 Pan Albanianism and Albanian politics in the Balkans
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Albanian nationalism is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts generated by ethnic Albanians that were first formed in the 19th century during the Albanian National Awakening (Albanian: Rilindja). Albanian nationalism is also associated with similar concepts, such as Albanianism (Shqiptaria or Shqiptarizmi) and Pan-Albanianism, (Panshqiptarizmi) that includes ideas on the creation of a geographically expanded Albanian state or a Greater Albania encompassing adjacent Balkan lands with substantial Albanian populations.
During the late Ottoman period Albanians were mainly Muslims with close ties to the Ottoman Empire. The lack of previous Albanian statehood to draw upon resulted in Albanian nationalism developing later unlike neighbouring nationalisms of the Serbs and Greeks. The onset of the Eastern crisis (1870s) that threatened partition of Balkan Albanian inhabited lands by neighbouring Orthodox Christian states stimulated the emergence of the Rilindja period and nationalist movement. During the 19th century, some Western scholarly influences, Albanian diasporas such as the Arbëresh and Albanian National Awakening figures contributed greatly to spreading influences and ideas among Balkan Albanians within the context of Albanian self-determination. Among those were ideas of an Illyrian contribution to Albanian ethnogenesis which still dominate Albanian nationalism in contemporary times and other ancient peoples claimed as ancestors, in particular the Pelasgians which have been claimed again in recent times.Due to overlapping and competing territorial claims with other Balkan nationalisms and states over land dating from the late Ottoman period, these ideas comprise a national myth that aim to establish precedence over neighboring peoples (Slavs and Greeks) and allow movements for independence and self-determination, as well as irredentist claims against neighboring countries. Pan-Albanian sentiments are also present and historically have been achieved only once when part of Kosovo and western Macedonia was united by Axis Italian forces to their protectorate of Albania during the Second World War. Albanian nationalism contains a series of myths relating to Albanian origins, cultural purity and national homogeneity, religious indifference as the basis of Albanian national identity, and continuing national struggles. The figure of Skanderbeg is one of the main constitutive myths of Albanian nationalism that is based on a person, as other myths are based on ideas, abstract concepts, and collectivism.