Texas History - 1836 Goliad Massacre with Unseen Footage and Images of Artifacts in 360 Degrees
— This 360-degree video is the full film by the Texas Historical Commission (THC) about the Goliad Massacre, which took place in March 1836. It is an important, yet often-overlooked, moment in the pursuit of Texas independence.
This video is in 360-degree format, which permits you to move your mouse while holding down the button to rotate the view in 360 degrees. Mobile device users will be able to move their devices and gain different views.
This film features new information and video footage of artifacts, the location of Col. James W. Fannin's death, and details of the Battle of Coleto Creek. For the first time, film footage of one of three massacre sites has been publicly available (the actual Coleto Creek battleground). 360-degree video filmed within and around the Presidio La Bahía and Fannin Battleground State Historic Site is intended to help viewers gain a deeper understanding of the tragic story that played an important role in the 1836 march toward Texas independence.
Footage of the artifacts included in this film include:
Fannin's epaulettes
historic lance heads
Fannin's watch
The film also includes several Did You Know? facts about the historical events.
STORY SYNOPSIS
At sunrise on Palm Sunday, March 27, 1836, the Mexican army marched most of a captured Texian army in three groups from the Presidio La Bahía near Goliad. Within a short distance, the Mexicans opened fire on the weaponless soldiers and executed 342, of which 40 were too wounded to march. Twenty-eight men escaped, and an additional 30 with special skills were spared. Inside the walls of the Presidio, the wounded Texian commander, Col. James W. Fannin, was executed at point-blank range. The massacre occurred only three weeks after the Battle of the Alamo and roughly four weeks before the decisive Battle of San Jacinto.
The THC has been the state agency for historic preservation for more than 60 years. The Friends of the Texas Historical Commission ( develops private resources to assist the THC with its mission.
900lbs of Creative ( is an innovation lab developing experiential interactive design and visual content using the latest technology.
Gravelle Branding/Marketing ( is a brand development consultancy with a special interest in Texas history.
Matt McDermott ( assisted with the distribution of this trailer to Texas history enthusiasts.
FANNIN BATTLEGROUND
Fannin Battleground State Historic Site is located near Goliad at:
734 FM 2506
Fannin, TX 77960
Fannin Battleground memorializes the brave soldiers who fought the Battle of Coleto Creek on this site in 1836 during the Texas War for Independence. After Col. James W. Fannin surrendered to Mexican forces, Gen. Santa Anna ordered him and his men executed in nearby Goliad, against the wishes of other Mexican commanders. The surrender, and unanticipated execution, inflamed the Texas cause, spurring the battle cry “Remember Goliad!” More on Fannin Battleground State Historic Site can be found at
Thank you to:
Phil Collins Collection for the lance head image
Frank and Carol Holcomb Collection
Texas General Land Office
Texas Parks and Wildlife
Dolph Briscoe Center of American History
Dallas Historical Society
Silver Eagle Distributors
Summerlee Foundation
San Jacinto Monument, Battleship Texas, and Downtown Houston Drive Through
Houston is the fourth largest city (in terms of population) in the United States, and there is plenty to explore. There is so much to see that I will need to make many trips in the future to see everything. On this trip, I head down to the San Jacinto Monument and to Battleship Texas. I check out both although it was hard to see the top of the monument due to the low clouds and fog. The monument is a dedication to the Battle of San Jacinto back on April 21, 1836 which the outnumbered Texian Army led by General Sam Houston defeated the Mexican army and forced then-Mexican president Santa Anna to sign an independence treaty which led to the creation of the Republic of Texas. However, Texas would be later admitted to the United States in 1845. After visiting both places, I take a drive through downtown Houston.
If you would like to watch a specific part of the video, you may use these shortcuts:
01:40 - San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site
10:07 - Battleship Texas
14:50 - Driving through Downtown Houston
Welcome to the Show Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
Samuel Houston: The Stand for Texas Independence
History Day 2017, Individual Media Documentary
Battle of San Jacinto and The San Jacinto Monument (Memorial Day)
Dennis J. and I put together a little video to give some facts about how the Battle of San Jacinto helped shaped American history. Many men lost their lives in the war that helped Texas and the United States become what it is today. Let's show our appreciation to the people who have contributed to what we have today this Memorial Day and every time we have the opportunity.
JIM BOWIE - BATTLE OF CONCEPCION
An early Texas Revolution Battle was fought on the grounds of Mission Concepcion, located in San Antonio, between the Texian Forces and the Mexican Army, fought on October 28, 1835.
The Texian Forces were led by Col. James Bowie and Col. James Fannin. The Texian Forces numbered some 90 men.
The Mexican Army regulars numbered 275 men, led by Col. Domingo Ugartechea.
The Battle took place along the prairie between where the Mission was and the banks of the San Antonio River to the West of the Mission. Part of the the battle ground is now, part of a neighborhood of homes and no longer just a prairie.
The Texians won the battle after killing some 60-70 Mexican soldiers and having captured the cannon of the Mexican Army, which they turned against the Mexicans.
The Texian lost only one man killed. He was buried on the battleground under a large pecan tree.
Both Bowie and Fannin would be killed in just some 5 short months, after this battle, Bowie falling at the Battle of the Alamo and Fannin being massacred along with some 340 other Texians, at the Battle of Coleto Creek, near Goliad, after having surrendered his forces to the Mexican Army.
Goliad Massacre Reenactment Video
The Goliad Massacre was an event that occurred on March 27, 1836, during the Texas Revolution, in which nearly 500 prisoners of war from the army of the Republic of Texas were killed by the Mexican Army in the town of Goliad, Texas. The set of casualties included commander James Fannin. The killing was carried out under orders from General and President of Mexico Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Despite the protests for clemency by General José de Urrea, the massacre was reluctantly carried out by Lt. Colonel José Nicolás de la Portilla.
The Mexicans took the Texans back to Goliad, where they were held as prisoners at Fort Defiance (Presidio La Bahia). The Texans thought they would likely be set free in a few weeks. Urrea departed Goliad, leaving Colonel José Nicolás de la Portilla in command. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texans. Under a decree passed by the Mexican Congress on December 30 of the previous year, armed foreigners taken in combat were to be treated as pirates and executed. Urrea wrote in his diary that he ...wished to elude these orders as far as possible without compromising my personal responsibility. Santa Anna responded to this entreaty by repeatedly ordering Urrea to comply with the law and execute the prisoners. He also had a similar order sent directly to the Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad. This order was received by Portilla on March 26, who decided it was his duty to comply despite receiving a countermanding order from Urrea later that same day.
The next day, Palm Sunday, March 27, 1836, Portilla had between 425 and 445 Texians marched out of Fort Defiance in three columns on the Bexar Road, San Patricio Road, and the Victoria Road, between two rows of Mexican soldiers; they were shot point blank, survivors were clubbed and knifed to death.
Forty Texians were unable to walk. Thirty-nine were killed inside the fort under the direction of Captain Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion, with Colonel Garay saving one, Jack Shackelford. Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men killed. Aged 32, he was taken by Mexican soldiers to the courtyard in front of the chapel, blindfolded, and seated in a chair (due to his leg wound from the battle). He made three requests: that his personal possessions be sent to his family, to be shot in the heart and not the face, and to be given a Christian burial. The soldiers took his belongings, shot him in the face, and burned his body along with those of the other Texians who died that day.
The entire Texian force was killed, except for 28 men who feigned death and escaped. Among these was Herman Ehrenberg, who later wrote an account of the massacre. Another person who survived was William Lockhart Hunter.
Due to the intervention of Francita Alavez (the Angel of Goliad) and the courageous effort of Garay, 20 more men were spared to act as doctors, interpreters, or workers, including Shackelford.
Also spared were the 75 soldiers of Miller and the Nashville Battalion. They were later marched to Matamoros.
Spared men were given white arm bands, and while wearing them could walk about freely. They were advised not to take off the arm band, since Mexican troops were hunting for those few who had escaped from Coleto, Victoria, and the massacre itself.
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Educational video playlist
Republic of Texas and the Alamo
Battle of San Jacinto - Explain Everything
The Battle of Alamo
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Exploring one of Americas Oldest Forts from the 1800's
We took a walk through of the Presidio La Bahia in Goliad TX. This is the second oldest Fort in the United States next to the Alamo. The Fort was attacked and fell weeks after the Alamo during the Revolution. During this attack the infamous warrior Col James Fannin and his men took the fight outside the walls and was taken as prisoners of war. Within days of the loss the opposition brutally executed Col Fannin and his men merely 100 yards from the walls of the Presidio. It is said that Col Fannin and his men still walk these grounds along with a few other spirits inside and outside these walls. Look out for our night investigation of the grounds of the memorial and the field where these heroes were slained.
Rachel's 2010-11 PESH Marching Band Debut
Exploring the Texas State Park System (original film) - Texas Parks and Wildlife [Official]
Exploring the Texas State Park System (1970s)
Take a trip back in time and visit some of your Texas state parks. This historical black & white film produced in the 1970s, shows people doing the same activities that you can do today in the state parks. Only the clothes and the cars are a bit different.
Georgia in the American Civil War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Georgia in the American Civil War
00:01:17 1 Secession
00:04:47 2 Home front
00:05:36 2.1 Unionism
00:07:43 2.2 Food shortages
00:09:01 2.3 Deserter and layout gangs
00:10:25 2.4 Debate over the use of slaves as soldiers
00:12:46 3 Battles in Georgia
00:13:50 3.1 List of battles fought in Georgia
00:14:00 4 The Atlanta Campaign
00:14:48 5 Sherman's March to the Sea
00:17:03 6 Last battles
00:17:40 7 Re-entry to the Union
00:18:15 8 Civil War sites in Georgia
00:19:19 9 See also
00:19:35 10 References and notes
00:19:44 11 Further reading
00:19:53 11.1 Primary sources
00:20:02 12 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Georgia was one of the original seven slave states that formed the Confederate States of America in February 1861, triggering the U.S. Civil War. The state governor, Democrat Joseph E. Brown, wanted locally raised troops to be used only for the defence of Georgia, in defiance of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, who wanted to deploy them on other battlefronts. When the Union blockade prevented Georgia from exporting its plentiful cotton in exchange for key imports, Brown ordered farmers to grow food instead, but the breakdown of transport systems led to desperate shortages.
There was not much fighting in Georgia until September 1863, when Confederates under Braxton Bragg defeated William S. Rosecrans at Chickamauga Creek. In May 1864, William T. Sherman started pursuing the Confederates towards Atlanta, which he captured in September, in advance of his March to the Sea. This six-week campaign destroyed much of the civilian infrastructure of Georgia, decisively shortening the war. When news of the march reached Robert E. Lee's army in Virginia, whole Georgian regiments deserted, feeling they were needed at home. The Battle of Columbus, fought on the Georgia-Alabama border on April 16, 1865, is reckoned by some criteria to have been the last battle of the war.
WKYT This Morning at 4:30 AM on 5/30/16
WKYT This Morning at 4:30 AM on 5/30/16
United States presidential election, 1960
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. The Republican Party nominated incumbent Vice-President Richard Nixon, while the Democratic Party nominated John F. Kennedy, Senator from Massachusetts. The incumbent President, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, was not eligible for re-election after serving the maximum two terms allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment. This was the first presidential election in which voters in Alaska and Hawaii were able to participate, as both had become states in 1959.
Kennedy received 112,827 (0.17%) more votes than Nixon nationwide, and, although Nixon won the popular vote contest in more individual states (26 to 22), the electoral votes held by those various states, when cast, gave Kennedy an Electoral College victory of 303 to 219. Nixon was the first candidate in American presidential electoral history to lose an election despite carrying a majority of the states.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
United States presidential election, 1960 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
United States presidential election, 1960
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Nixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between United States and the Soviet Union.
Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory, and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent. The issue of the popular vote was complicated by the presence of several unpledged electors in the Deep South. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd, as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916, and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957–58, which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party, and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans. Furthermore, the new votes that Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic president, gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's, and Nixon's emphasis on his experience carried little weight for most voters. Kennedy used his large, well-funded campaign organization to win the nomination, secure endorsements, and, with the aid of the big-city bosses, get out the vote in the big cities. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South, and used television effectively. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Johnson. Nixon would later successfully seek the presidency in 1968.
1960 United States presidential election | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
1960 United States presidential election
00:02:43 1 Nominations
00:02:52 1.1 Democratic Party
00:03:01 1.1.1 Democratic candidates
00:06:09 1.1.2 Democratic convention
00:12:51 1.2 Republican Party
00:13:00 1.2.1 Republican candidates
00:14:42 2 General election
00:14:51 2.1 Campaign promises
00:16:51 2.2 Campaign events
00:22:10 2.3 Debates
00:26:00 2.4 Campaign issues
00:31:57 2.5 Results
00:36:55 2.5.1 Controversies
00:44:34 2.5.2 Popular votes
00:44:42 2.5.2.1 Alabama
00:46:16 2.5.2.2 Georgia
00:47:17 2.5.3 Unpledged Democratic electors
00:51:12 2.6 Geography of Results
00:51:21 2.6.1 Cartographic Gallery
00:51:30 2.6.2 Results by state
00:51:38 2.7 Close states
00:53:58 3 Electoral milestones
00:57:39 4 See also
00:58:07 5 Notes
00:58:16 6 Notes
00:58:24 7 Further reading
01:01:45 7.1 Primary sources
01:02:18 7.2 Historiography
01:02:43 8 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Nixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between United States and the Soviet Union.
Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory, and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent. The issue of the popular vote was complicated by the presence of several unpledged electors in the Deep South. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd, as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916, and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957–58, which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party, and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans. Furthermore, the new votes that Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic president, gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's, and Nixon's emphasis on his experience carried little weight for most voters. Kennedy used his large, well-funded campaign organization to win the nomination, secure endorsements, and, with the aid of the big-city bosses, get out the vote in the big cities. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South, and used television effectively. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Johnson. Nixon would later successfully seek the presidency in 1968.