Ecclesiastical Museum of Alexandroupolis
The Ecclesiastical Museum of the Holy Metropolis of Alexandroupolis is housed in Leontarideio Urban School Boys in the courtyard of the Metropolitan Church of St. Nicholas.
The museum was founded in 1975 by the Bishop of Alexandroupolis and Thessaloniki now Messrs. Anthimos.
Originally housed in two halls of the Cultural Center of the Metropolis, alongside the cathedral of St. Nicholas.
In 1982 the collection, enriched in the meantime and other relics transferred to Leontarideio School, a listed monument since 1978.
The halls of the museum house the religious history of the area and you can admire Byzantine sculptures, temples, vestments, and utensils very old ecclesiastical books.
Thessalonique (Grèce) : Itinéraire de visite touristique par vue aérienne de la ville en 3D
aircitytour.com, l'itinéraire de vos visites touristiques et culturelles en vidéo en 3D (visite virtuelle). D'autres visites sont disponibles sur aircitytour.com
Visite virtuelle de la ville de Thessalonique (Grèce), par vue aérienne en 3D, à partir du logiciel Google Earth.
Détail de la visite par lieux :
- Thessaloniki Science Center and Technology Museum
- Magic Park
- Folk Art and Ethnological Museum of Macedonia and Thrace
- Geni Mosque Old Archaeological Museum
- Musée archéologique de Thessalonique
- Central Circle - Fountain Xarhakos
- Tour blanche
- Thessaloniki History Centre
- East Thessaloniki Byzantine Walls
- Arc de Galère
- Rotònda Roman Temple
- Atatürk Museum
- Church of Saint Nicholas Orphanos
- Trigoniou Tower
- Heptapyrgion
- Monastère des Vlatades
- Monastère de Latomou
- Bains byzantins de Thessalonique
- Alaca Imaret Mosque
- Hagios Demetrios
- Museum Roman Agora Thessaloniki
- Roman Forum
- Église de l'Acheiropoiètos
- Église Sainte-Sophie de Thessalonique
- Musée de la lutte pour la libération de la Macédoine
- Place Aristote
- Cinema Museum of Thessaloniki & Museum of Photography
- Musée juif de Thessalonique
- Yahudi Hamam
- Bey Hamam
- Église de la Panagia Chalkeon
- Hamzar Bei
- Musée national d'art contemporain. Thessalonique, Grèce
- Botanic Gardens Stavroupolis
Back to Basics:The reason why folksongs never die | Anna Papagiannaki - Divani | TEDxAlexandroupolis
Back to Basics: The reason why folk songs never die.
Anna Papagiannaki is a historical musicologist, a music educator and a vocal performer. Born in Komotini,Greece in 1985, she studied Piano Performance, Vocal Studies and Music Theory at the Municipal Conservatory and Cultural Centre of Thrace (Komotini,Gr), the Faethon Conservatory (Alexandroupolis,Gr) and the Sychronon Conservatory of Thessaloniki.She graduated from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Fine Arts, Department of Music Studies with a Distinction in Historical Musicology (BA,MA), specializing in the vocal music of the Renaissance. She furthers developed her performance and musicological studies at the University of York, UK studying Historically Informed Singing Performance with Prof.Peter Seymour.As a mezzo soprano she has collaborated with composers, festivals, vocal and orchestral ensembles in Greece, UK and Hungary.She is a Royal Association of Musicology(UK) and Hellenic Musicological Society member collaborating with the Ethnological Museum of Thrace.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at
Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Ξάνθης
Το Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Ξάνθης ιδρύθηκε το1975, βρίσκεται στην Παλαιά Πόλη και στεγάζεται στο αρχοντικό της οικογένειας Κουγιουμτζόγλου.
Το ίδρυμα απέκτησε, συντήρησε και μελετά στοιχεία της νεότερης ιστορίας της πόλης. Εκθέτει υλικές μαρτυρίες των ανθρώπων και του περιβάλλοντός τους, που συνέβαλλαν στην διαμόρφωση της φυσιογνωμίας της περιοχής.
Φιλοξενείται η έκθεση «Ξάνθη 1860-1940 περίοδος ακμής», με αναφορές στην αστική τάξη και το καπνεμπόριο, η έκθεση «Καθημερινές και σκόλες» με στοιχεία από την αγροτική και κτηνοτροφική ζωή της Θράκης, αλλά και η έκθεση «Επιχειρηματικότητα στην Ξάνθη στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα – Επαγγελματίες - Εργατική τάξη», βασισμένη σ’ έναν επαγγελματικό οδηγό του 1910-11.
Ακόμα στο χώρο του μουσείου υπάρχει ειδικός χώρος που πραγματοποιούνται προβολές, διαλέξεις, συναυλίες, περιοδικές εκθέσεις και άλλες εκπαιδευτικές δραστηριότητες.
Στον εξωτερικό χώρο βρίσκονται δύο Χαμάμ, αντρικό και γυναικείο, καθώς και το εκκλησάκι των Αγίων Ακινδύνων, ενώ όλο το κτήριο συνολικά λειτουργεί ως έκθεμα και αποτελεί κόσμημα για την πόλη της Ξάνθης.
Σεμιναρίου Φωνητικού Αυτοσχεδιασμού - Η Θράκη φέρνει μουσικές
Σεμινάριο Φωνητικού Αυτοσχεδιασμού - Η Θράκη φέρνει μουσικές : Η φωνή στο παραδοσιακό τραγούδι- με την Άννα Παπαγιαννάκη - Διβάνη
Στην συνέχεια του _ 'The Living Voice Project' _ του Present Being Performer Laboratory
η Άννα Παπαγιαννάκη - Διβάνη μουσικολόγος, mezzo soprano και εκπαιδεύτρια τραγουδιού, σε συνεργασία με το Εθνολογικό Μουσείο Θράκης – Αγγελική Γιαννακίδου, θα εισηγηθεί ένα 2μερο σεμινάριο πάνω στον Φωνητικό αυτοσχεδιασμό και την παραστατικότητά του.
Τελετουργία, φωνή και σώμα: αντλώντας από τα παραδοσιακά τραγούδια της Θράκης και άλλων περιοχών, στο εργαστήριο αυτό εξερευνούμε τα όρια και την δυναμική της φωνής ως μουσικό όργανο μέσα στο σύνολο. Οι τεχνικές της φωνής και του ομαδικού τραγουδιού στο δημοτικό τραγούδι – το μονοφωνικό, το αντιφωνικό και πολυφωνικό τραγούδι – δοκιμάζονται και εμπλουτίζονται σε σύνδεση με τις τελετουργίες (μορφολογία, αρχέτυπα, συμβολισμοί, κίνηση, τραγούδι) που πλαισιώνουν τα τραγούδια του κύκλου της ζωής και του θανάτου κατά τόπους, την ανθρωπογεωγραφία της πολυγλωσσικής θρακικής γης, την τέχνη της λαϊκής αφήγησης.
Οι θρύλοι, τα παραμύθια, οι αρχέγονες ιεροπραξίες από την διονυσιακή λατρεία μέχρι τις χριστιανικές τελετές, η μιμητική σχέση φωνής και μουσικών οργάνων στο παραδοσιακό τραγούδι παρέχουν τη βάση πάνω στην οποία δημιουργούμε με πνοή νέα ένα φωνητικό σύνολο αυτοσχεδιασμού: μιμούμαστε, ερευνούμε, διασκευάζουμε, εμπλουτίζουμε και αναδημιουργούμε τραγούδια της Θράκης, της Μακεδονίας, της Κρήτης, της Ηπείρου, των νησιών, της Κύπρου, της Μικράς Ασίας που γνωρίσαμε κι εκείνα μάς τραγούδησαν και πάλι.
Το εργαστήριο 'Η Θράκη φέρνει μουσικές - η φωνή στο παραδοσιακό τραγούδι' εμπλουτίζεται από τις προβολές των ερευνητικών ντοκιμαντέρ του EMΘ «Η Θράκη φέρνει μουσικές», «Λατρευτικές Τελετουργίες: Γιορτές και Ιεροτελεστίες», «Θρακιώτικα Παραδοσιακά όργανα: Κατασκευές».
Το σεμινάριο απευθύνεται σε τραγουδιστές, μουσικούς, εκπαιδευτικούς και σπουδαστές, ηθοποιούς, χορευτές, καλλιτέχνες, performers όλων των παραστατικών τεχνών και όσους επιθυμούν να εξερευνήσουν τη θεατρικότητα της φωνής τους δουλεύοντας σε σύνολο.
Δεν προαπαιτούνται μουσικές γνώσεις.
Σχεδιασμός Εργαστηρίου, Έρευνα – Διδασκαλία:
Άννα Παπαγιαννάκη-Διβανή | ιστορικός μουσικολόγος, vocal performer.
[ The Living Voice Project ]
Με πρωτοβουλία της Αλίκη Δουρμάζερ, καλλιτεχνική διευθύντρια του Εργαστηρίου Σωματικού Θεάτρου Present Being Performer Laboratory, θα διεξαχθεί σειρά 3 εντατικών σεμιναρίων με κοινό στόχο την προσέγγιση της εκπαίδευσης του performer σε πλήρη οργανική σύνδεση με το σώμα, την φωνή και την ενέργεια του, μέσα από αποκλειστικά βιωματικές πρακτικές και εκπαιδευτικούς δρόμους σωματικού θεάτρου, παραδοσιακού τραγουδιού, φωνητικού αυτοσχεδιασμού και τελετουργίας.
Βιογραφικό εισηγητή
Η Άννα Παπαγιαννάκη Διβανή γεννήθηκε στην Κομοτηνή. Απόφοιτος του Μουσικού Σχολείου Κομοτηνής, σπούδασε Πιάνο, Φωνητική και Ανώτερα Θεωρητικά. Ολοκλήρωσε τις ακαδημαϊκές της σπουδές στην Ιστορική Μουσικολογία και τα Μουσικοπαιδαγωγικά με μεταπτυχιακό τίτλο και ειδίκευση στη φωνητική μουσική της Αναγέννησης (Τμήμα Μουσικών Σπουδών, Σχολή Καλών Τεχνών, Α.Π.Θ.).
Το 2012 ολοκλήρωσε το μεταπτυχιακό πρόγραμμα στο Πανεπιστήμιο του York (Ην. Βασίλειο) μελετώντας τo τραγούδι του πρώιμου Baroque και το φωνητικό έργο του Claudio Monteverdi. Mαθήτρια των Orsoya Szabo, Emma Kirkby, Richard Jackson, Robert Hollingworth (I Fagiolini), Άρη Χριστοφέλλη, Γιάννη Ιωαννίδη, Peter Erdei, Roger Marsh, Peter Seymour και Γιώργου Χατζηνίκου. Ως mezzo soprano έχει συνεργαστεί με συνθέτες, φεστιβάλ, θέατρα, χορωδιακά σύνολα και ορχήστρες σε Ελλάδα, Ουγγαρία, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και Κάτω Χώρες σε ρεπερτόριο του πρώιμου Baroque και στην παραγωγή έργων σύγχρονης μουσικής. Παραστάσεις που έχει επιμεληθεί και σκηνοθετήσει έχουν παρουσιαστεί σε φεστιβάλ σε Ελλάδα, Ουγγαρία, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και στις Κάτω Χώρες. Από το 2012 συνεργάζεται με το Εθνολογικό Μουσείο της Θράκης (ΕΜΘ) ως Εκπαιδεύτρια μουσικών εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων.
Το 2016 συνίδρυσε στο Άμστερνταμ την ομάδα παραστατικού λόγου και ερμηνείας Alli Mana | Performance, Theatre & Poetry και το Μάρτη του 2017 πραγματοποίησε σε συνεργασία με την Παιδική και Νεανική Χορωδία του Δήμου Ηρακλείου (Γιάννης Ιδομενέως) το Εκπαιδευτικό Εργαστήριο Φωνητικής και Ιστορικής Ερμηνείας Claudio Monteverdi 450 – To Θέατρο των Φωνών. Στην Ολλανδία συνεργάζεται με την Academy of Vocal Arts (AcVa) στη Χάγη στην διδασκαλία εργαστηρίων με θέμα το ελληνικό παραδοσιακό τραγούδι, την Αναγέννηση και το Baroque, ενώ συμπράττει με το φωνητικό σύνολο Cantamare (dir. Silvere van Lieshout). Είναι ενεργό μέλος του Royal Association of Musicology (RAM, UK) και της Ελληνικής Μουσικολογικής Εταιρείας.
Διδάσκει φωνητική σε σύνολα στο Ωδείο Δήμου Ηρακλείου (Τμήμα Φωνητικών Συνόλων) και φωνητική μουσική σε Μεσαίωνα, Αναγέννηση και Μπαρόκ (Α΄ Κύκλος Παλαιάς Μουσικής) σε συνεργασία με το Ωδείο ΑΡ στο Ηράκλειο της Κρήτης.
Ξενάγηση στο Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Καστοριάς
Lecture on Rebetika by Dr. Yona Stamatis Feb 8, 2012 - Part 1
Rebetika
Playing for Cange: Rebetika Performance in Troubled Times
Music is powerful. Just how and why music can have such power has been the subject of numerous scientific and anthropological studies. Ethnomusicologist and Rebetika performer Yona Stamatis discussed the power of music in executing social change. Using the rebetika performance of well-known musician Pavlos Vassiliou as a case study, she examined the ways in which music can be used to help the Greek people navigate the difficult socio-eocnomic climate in Greece. The lecture included an introduction to rebetika and a discussion of the contemporary rebetiko scene.
Yona Stamatis received her doctorate in Ethnomusicology from the University of Michigan in 2011. Her primary research as former Fulbright scholar is Greek national identity formation in Contemporary Rebetiko Performance. She received the Fulbright Award for Research on Rebetika in 2009 and the Platsis Prize for Work on the Greek Legacy, Modern Greek Program, in the University of Michigan in 2006. She has been a guest lecturer at the Department of Classical Studies, and served as a committee member in the Music Conversations Conference in the University of Michigan. Currently, she is a postdoctoral scholar in Ethnomusicology at Kalamazoo College where she teaches courses in American Music and World Music. As a rebetika performer, she has toured the USA with the ensemble of Rebetiki Istoria.
This event took place at the Athens Centre on February 8, 2012.
Macedonia | Basic Information | Everyone Must Know
#macedonia #countryinformation #firstworldpeoples Macedonia is a landlocked Balkan nation of mountains, lakes and ancient towns with Ottoman and European architecture. The capital, Skopje, is known for
its sprawling Old Bazaar quarter and historic buildings turned museums, including the National Gallery of Macedonia, housed in a 15th-century Turkish bath complex.
The southern city Ohrid, on a lake of the same name, has a medieval townscape and hilltop castle.
A landlocked country, the Republic of Macedonia has borders with Kosovo to the northwest, Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and
Albania to the west. It constitutes approximately the northwestern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia, which also comprises the neighbouring
parts of northern Greece and smaller portions of southwestern Bulgaria and southeastern Albania. The country's geography is defined primarily by mountains, valleys,
and rivers. The capital and largest city, Skopje, is home to roughly a quarter of the nation's 2.06 million inhabitants. The majority of the residents are ethnic
Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians form a significant minority at around 25 percent, followed by Turks, Romani, Serbs, and others.
Macedonia was spared the inter-ethnic violence that raged elsewhere in the Balkans following the break-up of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s but it came close to
civil war a decade after independence.Rebels staged an uprising in early 2001, demanding greater rights for the ethnic Albanian minority. The conflict created a
wave of refugees and the rebels made territorial gains.After months of skirmishes, EU and Nato support enabled the president, Boris Trajkovski, to strike a peace deal.
Under the Ohrid agreement, Albanian fighters laid down their arms in return for greater ethnic-Albanian recognition within a unitary state.The country's name remains
a contentious issue. It is still referred to as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) at the United Nations.International recognition of the country's
split from Yugoslavia in 1991 was held up over Greek fears that its name implied territorial ambitions toward the northern Greek region of Macedonia.
Travel to Macedonia
travel to macedonia
kosmostrip.net
ITINERARY: Sofia - Rila Monastey - Sandanski - Melnik - Thessaloniki - Kalambaka - Vergina - Edessa - Kastoria - Bitola - Ohrid - Skopje - Sofia
DAY 1: Sofia
Arrival in Sofia. Accommodation. Guided sightseeing tour of the city center, including visit to Alexander Nevski Cathedral - one of the largest Eastern Orthodox cathedrals in Europe, as well as one of Sofia’s symbols and primary tourist attractions; St. George Rotunda, St. Sophia Church, built by emperor Justinian in the 6th century, the National Theatre, the former Royal Palace, housing the National Art Gallery and the Ethnographic Museum, the Presidency, etc. Free time in the city centre and main trade area around Vitosha Boulevard. Optional dinner at traditional restaurant with folklore music and dances. Overnight in Sofia.
DAY 2: Sofia - Rila Monastery - Melnik - Sandanski
Breakfast. Departure for Rila Monastery - the most beautiful and the most important monastery in Bulgaria, founded in the 10th century and nowadays included in the list of UNESCO. Tour of Rila Monastery and its museum. Visit to the monastery church Nativity of the Virgin. One of its greatest treasures is the wooden iconostasis, some 14th and 15th century icons, wall paintings, made by the famous artist Zahari Zograph. Walk around the monastery - Hrelyo’s Tower, the old kitchen. Drive to Melnik. Walking tour in the smallest town in Bulgaria with an optional wine tasting in Kordopulova Museum House. Accommodation in Sandanski. Overnight.
DAY 3: Sandanski - Thessaloniki - Kalambaka
Breakfast. Departure for Greece. Drive to Thessaloniki. Sightseeing tour - the White Tower - a symbol of the city, St. St. Cyril and Methodius Church, Navarino Square with the Palace of Galerius; Arch of Galerius; Turkish Baths; Roman Forum; St. Dimitrius Church where the relics of the saint are preserved for worship; Eptapirgio Fortress. Free time in the old part of the town for visiting the famous market. Drive to the town of Kalambaka. Accommodation and overnight.
DAY 4: Meteora - Vergina - Kastoria
Breakfast. Visit to the unique monasteries of Meteora. The rock monasteries have been characterized by UNESCO as a unique phenomenon of cultural heritage and they form one of the most important stations of the cultural map of Greece. Visit to two of the six functioning monasteries there. Free time in the picturesque town of Kalambaka, nestled in the shadow of the giant rocks of Meteora. Drive to Vergina - the first capital of Ancient Macedonia. Visit to the famous tomb of Philip II the Macedon and the museum. Departure for Kastoria. Accommodation and overnight in Kastoria.
DAY 5: Kastoria - Bitola - Ohrid
Breakfast. Sightseeing tour in Kastoria. Located on the shores of Orestiada Lake the town impressess the eye with its romantic narrow streets and bysantine churches. Departure for Macedonia. Sightseeing tour in Bitola - once most important trade center in Macedonia, for which reason even today there are honorary consular representatives of France, Great Britain and Turkey, and Bitola is known as the City of Consuls. Visit to the Revival church of St. Demetrius from 1830. Visit to the archaeological reserve Heraclea Lynkestis. Free time. Departure for Ohrid Riviera. Accommodation and overnight in Ohrid.
DAY 6: Ohrid - St. Naum Monastery
Breakfast. Walking tour in old Ohrid – tourist pearl of Macedonia, city of 365 churches, part of the list of world cultural heritage of UNESCO. During this tour (appr. 3 hours) you will have the chance to see some of the masterpieces of Byzantine architecture and art on the Balkans: St. Sofia Church, St. Virgin Mary Peribleptos Church, St. John Kaneo Church, St. Clement and Panteleymon Church, the Ohrid collection of icons. Old town of Ohrid hides many other treasures too: Ancient Theater, Tsar Samuel’s Mediaeval Fortress, Robevi House – local historical and ethnographic museum, craftsmen workshops for production of paper, Ohrid pearls, wooden sculptures, etc. Free time in the town center. In the afternoon – drive to St. Naum Monastery, located 27 km south of Ohrid, on the lakeshore. Founded in the beginning of 10th century by one of the patrons of this area, St. Naum, this monastery is considered to be sacred place by both local Christians and Muslims. Tour of the complex – Church of the Archangels, St. Petka Chapel. Boat trip to the 14th century church of St. Virgin Mary – Zaum, accessible only from the lake, where the oldest icon depicting St. Naum has been discovered. Optional dinner at traditional Macedonian restaurant. Return to the hotel. Overnight Ohrid.
Thessaloniki | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:59 1 Names and etymology
00:06:00 2 History
00:06:09 2.1 From classical antiquity to the Roman Empire
00:10:27 2.2 Byzantine era and Middle Ages
00:17:43 2.3 Ottoman period
00:23:48 2.4 20th century and since
00:36:06 3 Geography
00:36:15 3.1 Geology
00:37:36 3.2 Climate
00:41:08 4 Government
00:42:22 4.1 Thessaloniki Municipality
00:44:05 4.2 Other
00:45:41 5 Cityscape
00:45:50 5.1 Architecture
00:49:02 5.2 City centre
00:52:19 5.3 Ano Poli
00:53:48 5.4 Northwestern Thessaloniki
00:55:59 5.5 Southeastern Thessaloniki
00:57:50 5.6 Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments (UNESCO)
01:00:19 5.7 Urban sculpture
01:01:13 5.8 Thessaloniki 2012 Program
01:03:56 6 Economy
01:06:15 6.1 Services
01:08:16 6.2 Companies
01:10:30 6.3 Macroeconomic indicators
01:12:08 7 Demographics
01:12:17 7.1 Historical ethnic statistics
01:12:39 7.2 Population growth
01:13:19 7.3 Jews of Thessaloniki
01:20:24 7.4 Others
01:21:48 8 Culture
01:21:57 8.1 Leisure and entertainment
01:25:09 8.2 Parks and recreation
01:27:51 8.3 Museums and galleries
01:31:57 8.4 Archaeological sites
01:35:43 8.5 Festivals
01:39:38 8.6 Sports
01:42:48 8.7 Media
01:44:12 8.7.1 TV broadcasting
01:44:37 8.7.2 Press
01:45:19 8.8 Notable Thessalonians
01:48:30 8.9 Cuisine
01:49:58 8.10 Music
01:51:30 8.11 In popular culture
01:53:16 9 Education
01:55:57 10 Transport
01:56:06 10.1 Bus transport
01:56:56 10.2 Metro
01:59:29 10.3 Commuter/suburban rail (Proastiakos)
02:00:22 10.4 Thessaloniki Airport Makedonia
02:01:23 10.5 Railways and ferry connections
02:03:19 10.6 Motorways
02:05:17 10.6.1 Future plans
02:08:38 11 International relations
02:08:51 11.1 Twin towns – sister cities
02:09:05 12 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Thessaloniki (UK: , US: ; Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη, romanized: Thessaloníki [θesaloˈnici] (listen)), also familiarly known as Thessalonica (, also US: ), Salonica or Salonika (, also US: ), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is η Συμπρωτεύουσα (i Symprōtévousa), literally the co-capital, a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα (Symvasilévousa) or co-reigning city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios/Vardar. The municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical center, had a population of 325,182 in 2011, while the Thessaloniki Urban Area had a population of 824,676 and the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area had 1,030,338 inhabitants in 2011. It is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre; it is a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe, notably through the Port of Thessaloniki. The city is renowned for its festivals, events and vibrant cultural life in general, and is considered to be Greece's cultural capital. Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually, while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora. Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital.The city of Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon. An important metropolis by the Roman period, Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire. It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430, and remained an important seaport and multi-ethnic metropolis during the nearly five centuries of Turkish rule. It passed from the Ottoman Empire to Gre ...
Macedonian nationalism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Macedonian nationalism
00:01:16 1 The designation Macedonian
00:05:31 2 Origins
00:10:30 3 History
00:10:38 3.1 Early and middle 19th century
00:12:07 3.2 Late 19th and early 20th century
00:13:26 3.3 Balkan Wars and First World War
00:14:23 3.4 Interwar period and WWII
00:16:26 3.5 Post-World War II
00:17:56 3.6 Post-Informbiro period and Bulgarophobia
00:20:57 3.7 Post-independence period and Antiquisation
00:27:50 4 Macedonism
00:29:33 4.1 Macedonism as an ethno-political conception
00:38:16 4.2 Early adherents
00:39:45 4.3 Contemporary ideas
00:43:05 5 See also
00:43:40 6 References and notes
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Macedonian nationalism is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts among ethnic Macedonians that were first formed in the late 19th century among separatists seeking the autonomy of the region of Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire. The idea evolved during the early 20th century alongside the first expressions of ethnic nationalism among the Slavs of Macedonia. The separate Macedonian nation gained recognition after World War II when SR Macedonia was created as part of SFR Yugoslavia. Afterwards the Macedonian historiography has established historical links between the ethnic Macedonians and events and figures from the Middle Ages up to the 20th century. Following the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in the late 20th century, issues of Macedonian national identity have become contested by the country's neighbours, as some adherents to aggressive Macedonian nationalism, called Macedonism, hold more extreme beliefs such as an unbroken continuity between ancient Macedonians (an ancient Greek people), and modern ethnic Macedonians (a Slavic people), and views connected to the irredentist concept of a United Macedonia, which involves territorial claims on a large portion of Greece, along with smaller regions of Albania, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
Skopje | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:09 1 Geography
00:03:18 1.1 Topography
00:05:06 1.2 Hydrography
00:07:59 1.3 Geology
00:10:03 1.4 Climate
00:12:09 1.5 Nature and environment
00:14:33 2 Urbanism
00:14:41 2.1 Urban morphology
00:18:21 2.2 Localities and villages
00:19:21 2.3 Urban sociology
00:21:36 3 Toponymy
00:23:22 4 History
00:23:30 4.1 Origins
00:25:14 4.2 Roman Scupi
00:27:48 4.3 Middle Ages
00:32:28 4.4 Ottoman period
00:38:46 4.5 Balkan Wars till present day
00:44:59 5 Emblems
00:45:34 6 Administration
00:45:43 6.1 Status
00:46:33 6.2 City Council
00:47:19 6.3 Mayor
00:47:41 6.4 Municipalities
00:49:16 7 Economy
00:49:24 7.1 Economic weight
00:50:51 7.2 Firms and activities
00:53:35 7.3 Employment
00:55:04 8 Population
00:55:12 8.1 Demography
00:56:48 8.2 Ethnic groups
00:59:48 8.3 Religion
01:01:57 8.4 Health
01:03:07 8.5 Education
01:04:35 9 Media
01:06:31 10 Sports
01:09:10 11 Transport
01:09:19 11.1 Main connections
01:11:34 11.2 Rail and coach stations
01:13:00 11.3 Public transport
01:14:27 11.4 Airport
01:16:04 12 Air pollution
01:16:38 13 Culture
01:16:46 13.1 Cultural institutions
01:18:21 13.2 Museums
01:20:12 13.3 Architecture
01:26:18 13.4 Festivals
01:29:31 13.5 Nightlife
01:31:42 14 People from Skopje
01:31:51 15 International relations
01:32:01 15.1 Twin towns – sister cities
01:32:13 15.2 Partnerships
01:32:22 16 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.9041308388418193
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Skopje (, US also ; Macedonian: Скопје [ˈskɔpjɛ] (listen), Albanian: Shkup) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic center.
The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre. Originally a Paeonian city, Scupi became the capital of Dardania in the second century BC. On the eve of the 1st century AD, the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp. When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD, Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople. During much of the early medieval period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire, whose capital it was between 972 and 992.
From 1282, the town was part of the Serbian Empire and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371. In 1392, Skopje was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called it Üsküb, with this name also being in use in English for a time. The town stayed under Ottoman control for over 500 years, serving as the capital of pashasanjak of Üsküp and later the Vilayet of Kosovo. At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture. In 1912, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars. During the First World War the city was seized by the Kingdom of Bulgaria, and after this war, it became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia becoming the capital of the Vardarska banovina. In the Second World War the city was again captured by Bulgaria and in 1944 became the capital of SR Macedonia, then a federated state of Yugoslavia. The city developed rapidly, but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a disastrous earthquake.
Skopje is located on the upper course of the Vardar River, and is located on a major north-south Balkan route between Belgrade and Athens. It is a center for metal-processing, chemical, timber, textile, leather, and printing industries. Industrial development of the city has been accompanied by development of the trade, logistics, and banking sectors, as well as an emphasis on the fields of transportation, culture and sport. According to the last official count from 2002, Skopje had a population of 506,926 inhabitants; according to official estimates, the city ...
Thessaloniki | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thessaloniki
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Thessaloniki (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloníki [θesaloˈnici] (listen), also familiarly known as Thessalonica, Salonica, or Salonika is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is η Συμπρωτεύουσα (Symprotévousa), literally the co-capital, a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα (Symvasilévousa) or co-reigning city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios/Vardar. The municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical center, had a population of 325,182 in 2011, while the Thessaloniki Urban Area had a population of 788,952 and the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area had 1,012,297 inhabitants in 2011. It is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre; it is a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe, notably through the Port of Thessaloniki. The city is renowned for its festivals, events and vibrant cultural life in general, and is considered to be Greece's cultural capital. Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually, while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora. Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital.The city of Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon. An important metropolis by the Roman period, Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire. It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430, and passed from the Ottoman Empire to Greece on 8 November 1912. It is home to numerous notable Byzantine monuments, including the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as several Roman, Ottoman and Sephardic Jewish structures. The city's main university, Aristotle University, is the largest in Greece and the Balkans.Thessaloniki is a popular tourist destination in Greece. In 2013, National Geographic Magazine included Thessaloniki in its top tourist destinations worldwide, while in 2014 Financial Times FDI magazine (Foreign Direct Investments) declared Thessaloniki as the best mid-sized European city of the future for human capital and lifestyle. Among street photographers, the center of Thessaloniki is also considered the most popular destination for street photography in Greece.
Thessaloniki | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thessaloniki
00:02:51 1 Names and etymology
00:04:27 2 History
00:04:36 2.1 From classical antiquity to the Roman Empire
00:07:53 2.2 Byzantine era and Middle Ages
00:13:24 2.3 Ottoman period
00:18:02 2.4 20th century and since
00:27:30 3 Geography
00:27:39 3.1 Geology
00:28:42 3.2 Climate
00:31:25 4 Government
00:32:23 4.1 Thessaloniki Municipality
00:33:45 4.2 Other
00:35:00 5 Cityscape
00:35:09 5.1 Architecture
00:37:36 5.2 City centre
00:40:05 5.3 Ano Poli
00:41:14 5.4 Southeastern Thessaloniki
00:43:25 5.5 Northwestern Thessaloniki
00:44:46 5.6 Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments (UNESCO)
00:46:39 5.7 Thessaloniki 2012 Program
00:48:45 6 Economy
00:50:34 6.1 Services
00:52:08 6.2 Companies
00:53:41 6.3 Macroeconomic indicators
00:54:58 7 Demographics
00:55:07 7.1 Historical ethnic statistics
00:55:25 7.2 Population growth
00:55:58 7.3 Jews of Thessaloniki
01:01:22 7.4 Others
01:02:27 8 Culture
01:02:36 8.1 Leisure and entertainment
01:05:03 8.2 Parks and recreation
01:07:08 8.3 Museums and galleries
01:10:15 8.4 Archaeological sites
01:13:07 8.5 Festivals
01:16:08 8.6 Sports
01:18:33 8.7 Media
01:19:38 8.7.1 TV broadcasting
01:19:59 8.7.2 Press
01:20:32 8.8 Notable Thessalonians
01:22:49 8.9 Cuisine
01:23:57 8.10 Music
01:25:09 8.11 In popular culture
01:26:19 9 Education
01:28:22 10 Transport
01:28:31 10.1 Bus transport
01:29:11 10.2 Metro
01:31:09 10.3 Commuter/suburban rail (Proastiakos)
01:31:52 10.4 Thessaloniki Airport Makedonia
01:32:40 10.5 Railways and ferry connections
01:34:09 10.6 Motorways
01:35:40 10.6.1 Future plans
01:38:17 11 International relations
01:38:28 11.1 Twin towns – sister cities
01:38:40 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Thessaloniki (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloníki [θesaloˈnici] (listen), also familiarly known as Thessalonica, Salonica, or Salonika is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is η Συμπρωτεύουσα (Symprotévousa), literally the co-capital, a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα (Symvasilévousa) or co-reigning city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios/Vardar. The municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical center, had a population of 325,182 in 2011, while the Thessaloniki Urban Area had a population of 788,952 and the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area had 1,012,297 inhabitants in 2011. It is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre; it is a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe, notably through the Port of Thessaloniki. The city is renowned for its festivals, events and vibrant cultural life in general, and is considered to be Greece's cultural capital. Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually, while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora. Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital.The city of Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon. An important metropolis by the Roman period, Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire. It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430, and passed from the Ottoman Empire to Greece on 8 November 1912. It is home to numerous notable Byzantine monuments, including the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as several Roman, Ottoman and Sephardic Jewish structures. The city's main university, Aristotle University, is the largest in Greece and the Balkans.Thessaloniki is a popular tourist destination in ...
Saime
The folk dance group „SAIME”
„There are shortcuts to happiness and dancing is one of them.”
Vicki Baum
The folk dance group „SAIME” was founded in October 2001 as a dance group of the Latvian Etnographic Open-air Museum in Riga. All the members have danced for many years, even since early childhood, in different dance groups in Latvia. Although now aged 35 – 55 , dancers still enjoy the magic of dance and bring it to audience. There are about 25 members in the group.
Our professions are very different. Among „SAIME” dancers there are accountants, doctors, drivers, teachers, police officers, engineers, business people and others. We have danced in various places – in big and small concert halls, on open- air stages, in parks, in small public gardens, in supermarkets, on streets etc.
But this time is different – we dance in our working places. In a printing house, in a brewery,in a school, in a laboratory, in an exhibition hall, in a luxury hotel and in a museum.
The folk dance group „SAIME” does not have a long history, nevertheless, it has taken part in many different and important international folkloristic events in Germany, Italy, Sicily, Spain, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Cambodia, Belgium, Great Britain, the USA, France, China, Russia, Estonia, the Acores, Turkey, Chile, Georgia. The group regularly participates in dance concerts in various towns in Latvia. Once in 5 years Latvians have a great national festivity, which has a history of 130 years and since 2003 has been included in the UNESCO list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity – Latvian Song and Dance Celebration. „SAIME” has participated there three times and even has achieved respectable results in the competition between dance groups, that is considered to be a great achievement in Latvia.
The group mostly performs Latvian traditional and newly-created folk dances by different well-known Latvian choreographers as well as ethnographic game dances
For our performances we wear different national costumes from various regions of Latvia. It depends on the particular dance. Also, we are really proud that we have and can wear our own private national costumes – made specially for each dancer related to the part of Latvia they come from.)
If I could, I would dance for a lifetime and even more...
The leader of the group – Viesturs Virza (virza@ml.lv)
Bitola
Bitola (Macedonian: Битола [ˈbitɔɫa] ( ) known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nidže and Kajmakčalan mountain ranges, 14 kilometres (9 miles) north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. It is an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe. It has been known since the Ottoman period as the city of the consuls, since many European countries have consulates in Bitola. According to the 2002 census, Bitola is the second largest city in the country. Bitola is also the seat of the Bitola Municipality. Bitola is one of the oldest cities on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. It was founded as Heraclea Lyncestis in the middle of the 4th century BC by Philip II of Macedon. During the Ottoman rule the city was the last capital of Ottoman Rumelia.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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The Tsaravets, Veliko Turnovo. Places to visit in Bulgaria
The Tsaravets is the old Bulgarian capitol situated on Tsaravets Hill overlooking the city of Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria.
Bulgarie 2011:Ruine de Nebet Tepe, Plovdiv
Très ancienne ruine sur une colline de la ville., en octobre. Plus sur mon site:
アキーラさん訪問②ブルガリア・バラの谷・SKOBELEVO ・バラの蒸留所！Rose- distillery,SKOBELEVO ,Bulgaria
国際ジャーナリスト＆旅行ジャーナリスト 大川原 明のホームページは下記
アメブロ（憂国の士アキーラ世界1周・日本１周旅行記のブログ）は下記をクリック
Youtube別チャンネル(憂国の旅人アキーラ旅Travel Channel2)
Youtube別チャンネル（ジャーナリスト大川原 明）
I visited the Rose distillation factory(Museum) in Kazanlak in Bulgaria. I learned how to produce rose oil. カザンラク市内のローズオイルの蒸留所を訪問しました。オスマントルコ支配下には、ローズオイルは1グラム当たりの価格が金の価格よりも高かったようです。そのために金の水と呼ばれていたようです。今でこそ、金よりは価格は安くなりましたが、それでも高価です。
ローズオイルが作られる過程を使用されている機械とともに説明をいただきました。薔薇の谷と呼ばれるこのあたりの地域は、山々に囲まれ、年間の気温差が少なく、一日の寒暖差が大きい事が薔薇生産にとってよいようで、絶好の場所であるようです。
ブルガリアでは果実からつくる蒸留酒ラキアが、他のバルカン諸国と同じように生産されていますが、ローズオイルを蒸留する際に使われる機械も似ております。ラキア生産で慣れているので、ローズオイルの生産も容易だったのでしょう。
ブルガリアのローズオイルは世界的にも有名で、いくつも賞を受賞しており、シャネルなどの会社が使用していたりします。他国よりも上質です。
ブルガリアは薔薇で有名な国です。ブルガリア中部内陸部はバラの谷と呼ばれる一大生産地です。バラの収穫は5月末。そしてバラ祭りと呼ばれる祭りが6月の初めに開催され、同国の首相や大統領がバラ祭りの時期に訪れます。
バラの谷でも中心となるのがカザンラクとカルロヴォです。
バラ祭りの時期になると国内外から数多くの観光客が訪れます。
カザンラクは、スタラ・ザゴラ州にあり、バルカン山脈麓のカザンラク平原に開けた都市です。カザンラクはブルガリアでは10番目に大きな工業都市で、2006年現在の人口は78,938人です。ローズオイル生産の中心地です。
平成28年(2016年）8月23日～31日にブルガリア政府観光庁の招待旅行（ファムトリップ）に参加しました。ブルガリアは平成24年(2012年）7月に訪問して以来2回目の訪問です。前回はソフィアだけですが、今回は、多くの都市を訪問しました。
訪問した都市は、ソフィア→プロヴディフ→シプカ峠付近→カザンラク→カルロヴォ→ヒサリャと訪問。ソフィアからブルガリア中部を周りました。政府観光庁がミニバスを手配してくれたので、それに乗り、日本に13年間住んでいたブルガリア人の日本語ガイドの方に案内してもらえました。
ブルガリアは、東ヨーロッパの共和制国家です。 バルカン半島に位置し、北にルーマニア、西にセルビア、マケドニア共和国、南にギリシャ、トルコと隣接し、東は黒海に面しています。首都はソフィアです。住民は、 スラヴ系のブルガリア人が83.9%、トルコ人が9.4%、移動型民族のロマ人が4.7%。
ブルガリアの料理は、周辺のバルカン半島諸国と類似するものが多く、ひき肉料理や煮込み料理、シレネと呼ばれるヤギの乳からつくられるチーズ、ヨーグルトなどが代表的。ヨーグルトに相当する醗酵乳食品は他の国にも存在するが、ブルガリアのヨーグルトが日本のみならず世界的に有名になっている。これはロシアの微生物学者イリヤ・メチニコフが、ヨーグルトは長寿に効果があるとしてヨーロッパ中に広めたからである。
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (; Turkish: [mustaˈfa ceˈmal aˈtaˌtyɾc]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal (Mareşal), revolutionary statesman, author, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became known as Kemalism.
Atatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the Empire's defeat and subsequent dissolution, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted the mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. He subsequently proceeded to abolish the decrepit Ottoman Empire and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place.
As the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive, and secular nation-state. He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish women received equal civil and political rights during Atatürk's presidency ahead of many Western countries. In particular, women were given voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later, in 1934, full universal suffrage, earlier than most other countries in the world.His government carried out a policy of Turkicisation trying to create a homogeneous and unified nation. Under Atatürk, non-Turkish minorities were pressured to speak Turkish in public, non-Turkish toponyms and last names of minorities had to be changed to Turkish renditions. The Turkish Parliament granted him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which means Father of the Turks, in recognition of the role he played in building the modern Turkish Republic. He died on 10 November 1938 at the age of 57 in Dolmabahçe Palace; he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral. In 1953, his iconic mausoleum was built and opened, which is surrounded by a park called the Peace Park in honor of his famous expression Peace at Home, Peace in the World.
In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the UN and UNESCO, which declared it The Atatürk Year in the World and adopted the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, describing him as the leader of the first struggle given against colonialism and imperialism and a remarkable promoter of the sense of understanding between peoples and durable peace between the nations of the world and that he worked all his life for the development of harmony and cooperation between peoples without distinction. Atatürk is commemorated by many memorials throughout Turkey and numerous countries all over the world, where place names are named in honor of him. Eleftherios Venizelos, former Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atatürk's name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.