Hamilton Hatter Part 2 - Books Are The Holy Road
more at
With generous, community-minded support from American Public University System. (The sentiments in this production do not in any way reflect modern-day policies of APUS). More at
Researched, Written, Produced, Narrated - Jim Surkamp
Musicians
My Heart is in the Mountains from Lantern in a Poet's Garden, Poem by Daniel Bedinger Lucas (public domain) Music by Terry Tucker, c (the copyright symbol) 2010, GHF Music, (terrytucker.net)
Cam Millar - Tumble Blue 2, Waterdogs 1 (cammillar.com)
Shana Aisenberg - twelve-string guitar, banjo copyright Shana Aisenberg. (shanasongs.com)
Sound FX:
children playing, hand bell, crickets - from “free sfx.uk.com”
References:
Burke, Dawne R. (2006). “An American Phoenix: A History of Storer College from Slavery to Desegregation,” Pittsburgh, PA: Geyer Printing House.
Crayon, Porte. (Strother, David H.) “Our Negro Schools” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, New York, NY: Harper and Bros. Volume 49 Issue 292 (September, 1874).
“Sarah Jane Foster: Teacher of the Freedman, The Diary and Letters of a Maine Woman in the South After the Civil War,” Picton Press: Rockport, ME., 2001, Wayne E. Reilly editor.
Stealey, John E. “The Freedmen’s Bureau in West Virginia.” West Virginia History 39 (Jan/April 1978): 99-142.
Taylor, James L. “A History of Black Education in Jefferson County, West Virginia, 1866-1966.”
Trowbridge, John T. (1866). “The South: a tour of its battlefields and ruined cities, a journey through the desolated states, and talks with the people: being a description of the present state of the country – its agriculture – railroads – business and finances.” Hartford, Conn., L. Stebbins.
Image Credits:
Harvesters at Rest by Harry Roseland
From National Park Service, Harpers Ferry:
Faculty member - Storer College
Storer College seal
Bates College seal - Bates College
Hamilton Hatter (later years) - Bluefield
Brown, Howell S. “Map of Jefferson County, Virginia From Actual Surveys With Farm Limits, 1852.”
A Freedman’s Bureau agent - Harper's Weekly, July 25, 1868, p. 473.
From King, Edward. (1875). “The Great South; A Record of Journeys in Louisiana, Texas, the Indian Territory, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland:” Illustrated by Champney, James Wells. Hartford, Conn. American Publishing Co. Print.
p. 695 - pump
By David Hunter Strother - West Virginia University
contraband 1862
boy on horseback
From Strother, David Hunter “Our Negro Schools,” (September 1874), “Harper’s New Monthly Magazine.”
p. 457 - silhouettes of children playing
p. 458 - boy reading book
p. 459 - boy not at school
p. 460 - older student
p. 461 - young teach the old
p. 461 - woman at blackboard
p. 467 - boys huddled on the ground
By Winslow Homer:
Sunday Morning In Virginia, 1877 - Cincinnati Art Museum
Blackboard, 1877 - National Gallery of Art
Uncle Ned at Home, 1875
Charlestown Looking to Route 340
Thomas Biscoe - West Virginia & Regional Collection
By Henry Ossawa Tanner:
The Banjo Lesson, 1893
The Thankful Poor, 1894
By Eastman Johnson:
Musical Instrument, 1860
Dinah, The Negress, (1866-1869)
Negro Boy, 1860
Good Morning From Harpers Ferry by Edward L Henry
Image of Achilles Dixon home (p. 10).
From Taylor, James L. “A History of Black Education in Jefferson County, West Virginia, 1866-1966.”
Logan Osburn - courtesy Don Amoroso
Boy running to school detail from drawing of Colyer’s School North Carolina
Cover - Ray’s Primary Arithmetic 1857 edition
Group photograph of African-American school children, 1895, location unknown.
Freedman’s School - Illustration of Freedman in school from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 1883.
Woman Reading by Candlelight - 1908 by Peter Ilsted
The Misses Cooke's school room, Freedman's Bureau, Richmond, Va. - Waud, Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph), Harper's weekly, 1868 July 25, p. 473.
Harpers Ferry 1872 by Granville Perkins
Silas Curtis - findagrave.com
Godey’s Fashions for September 1862
“C for Christ” page from”The Tract Primer” published by the American Tract Society, 1841
H. R. 613 - Bill amending the Freedmen”s Bureau enactment - National Archives
Pile of bricks - 2005, Author: Tasja - wikimedia.org
Wheeling, West Virginia Independence Hall - wikipedia.org
Detail from Wheeling Custom House - Harper's Weekly, July 6, 1861.
Sarah Jane Foster - Courtesy of Carolyn Reilly
From Library of Congress:
Freedmen’s Bureau Teacher's Monthly Report, Little Rock, Arkansas, March 24, 1865
Hon. Arthur Ingrham Boreman
Contraband camp
Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va.
Text of the Emancipation Proclamation from L. N. Rosenthal, The Proclamation of Emancipation, Lithograph, 1865.
Living in Virginia: Winchester - Pen In Hand
Here's a heartfelt look at Winchester, Virginia's residents during the Civil War from the perspective of their letters, diaries and journals.It explores the reality of war as the community changed hands between the North and South more than 70 times. This special travels back in time to record the perseverance, the passion, and the pain of those who watched and lived during this turbulent time period.
RTTH0134 2
Harper's Ferry West Virginia is visited on this edition of Road Trip to History.
Racecraft: Barbara Fields & Ta-Nehisi Coates in Conversation
Barbara Fields, professor of history at Columbia University, discusses her new book Racecraft—and the persistent illusions of a post-racial America—with the Atlantic's Ta-Nehisi Coates. As Barack Obama begins his second term, the notion that we're enjoying a post-racial age has gained traction. But what do we mean when we invoke that phrase? Whatever the 'post' may mean in 'post-racial,' writes Fields in her fierce new book Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life, it cannot mean that racism belongs to the past. A former MacArthur Fellow and the first African American woman to receive tenure at Columbia, Fields specializes in the history of the American south and 19th-century social history. Ta-Nehisi Coates is a senior editor and blogger at the Atlantic, where he writes on culture, politics, and social issues. He is the author of the memoir The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood, and his writing has appeared in the New York Times Magazine, the Washington Post, and Time, among many other publications.
J.D. Williams Ph.D. - The Fabric of Liberty
J.D. Williams, Ph.D.- The Fabric of Liberty S High 9 1968 is a speech delivered at South High in September 1968. This analog audio resource from the Salt Lake Community College (SLCC) Physical Archives digitized in Fall 2013 with funds provided by the Institute of Museum and Library Services through the Library Services and Technology Act administered by the Utah State Library.
Accession number: 13-5395.
Board of Carroll County Commissioners Open Session Afternoon
Writing Contest Winners: 2016 National Book Festival
Winners of two contents for children about books and literature -- Letters About Literature and A Book That Shaped Me -- are honored at the 2016 Library of Congress Book Festival in Washington, D.C.
Three national winners in the Library's Letters About Literature essay contest will read their letters to the authors they wrote to. Letters About Literature is a national reading and writing program that asks young people in grades 4 through 12 to write to an author about how his or her book affected their lives. More than 50,000 young readers from across the country participated in this year's Letters About Literature initiative, a reading promotion program of the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. The 2015-2016 Letters About Literature contest is made possible by a generous grant from the Dollar General Literacy Foundation, with additional support from gifts to the Center for the Book.
A Book That Shaped Me is a summer writing contest that encourages rising fifth and sixth graders to reflect on a book that has had a personal impact on their lives. The contest is administered through local public library systems in the Mid-Atlantic region. Top winners will read their essays and be honored during this special program.
For transcript and more information, visit
Charleston, West Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charleston, West Virginia
00:01:20 1 History
00:01:29 1.1 Timeline
00:01:37 1.2 Beginnings
00:04:08 1.3 Industrial growth
00:05:21 1.4 Political growth
00:08:03 1.5 20th century
00:09:34 1.6 Modern development
00:12:51 2 Geography
00:14:25 2.1 Communities within Charleston
00:14:38 2.2 Suburbs
00:14:50 2.3 Climate
00:16:50 3 Government
00:18:29 4 Demographics
00:18:38 4.1 2010 census
00:20:49 4.2 2000 census
00:23:54 5 Education
00:24:39 5.1 Former high schools
00:25:07 5.2 Middle schools
00:25:30 5.3 Elementary schools
00:26:33 5.4 Colleges and universities
00:28:59 6 Hospitals
00:29:30 7 Economy
00:29:39 7.1 Notable companies headquartered in the Charleston area
00:30:23 7.2 Notable companies founded in Charleston
00:30:40 7.3 Economic development
00:30:56 8 Culture
00:31:05 8.1 Annual events and fairs
00:35:07 8.2 Historical structures and museums
00:37:10 8.3 Parks and outdoor attractions
00:38:43 8.4 Sports
00:39:09 8.5 Shopping
00:40:14 9 Notable people
00:44:34 10 Media
00:44:42 10.1 Print
00:44:55 10.2 Radio
00:45:22 10.3 Television
00:45:51 11 Infrastructure
00:46:01 11.1 Tallest buildings
00:46:17 11.2 Airports
00:46:43 11.3 Rail
00:47:38 11.4 River
00:47:58 11.5 Roads
00:48:39 11.6 Mass transit
00:48:53 11.7 Taxi service
00:48:58 11.8 Utilities
00:49:52 12 Sister city
00:50:07 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Charleston is the most populous city in, and the capital of, the U.S. state of West Virginia. Located at the confluence of the Elk and Kanawha rivers, the population during the 2016 Census Estimate was 49,138. The Charleston metropolitan area as a whole had 217,916 residents. Charleston is the center of government, commerce, and industry for Kanawha County, of which it is the county seat.Early industries important to Charleston included salt and the first natural gas well. Later, coal became central to economic prosperity in the city and the surrounding area. Today, trade, utilities, government, medicine, and education play central roles in the city's economy.
The first permanent settlement, Ft. Lee, was built in 1788. In 1791, Daniel Boone was a member of the Kanawha County Assembly.
Charleston is the home of the West Virginia Power minor league baseball team, the West Virginia Wild minor league basketball team, and the annual 15-mile (24 km) Charleston Distance Run. Yeager Airport and the University of Charleston are also in the city. West Virginia University, Marshall University, and West Virginia State University also have campuses in the area.
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
00:00:44 1 Brown's preparation
00:04:05 2 Advance knowledge of raid
00:06:59 3 The raid
00:07:08 3.1 October 16
00:08:40 3.2 October 17
00:10:29 3.3 October 18
00:12:41 3.4 October 19
00:13:30 4 Aftermath
00:16:31 5 Casualties
00:16:40 5.1 John Brown's raiders
00:22:05 5.2 Others
00:23:00 6 Liberated slaves
00:23:20 7 Legacy
00:23:29 7.1 Heritage Area
00:24:01 7.2 In Popular Culture
00:24:44 8 See also
00:25:00 9 Notes
00:25:09 9.1 Citations
00:25:17 10 Further reading
00:27:41 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in his transformative years as an abolitionist in Springfield, Massachusetts, to join him in his raid, but Tubman was prevented by illness and Douglass declined, as he believed Brown's plan would fail.
Jasper Thompson's Destiny Day by Jim Surkamp with Monique Crippen-Hopkins
SEE LINKS BELOW TO THE 24 STORY STARTING POINTS IN THE VIDEO
Made possible with the support of American Public Univvesity System ( The views included in this video do not in any way reflect the modern-day policies of the University and are meant to encourage dispassionate, fact-based discourse on our nation’s instructive past.
A live link will be soon added to the beginning of each internal story (below)
STORY 1 - INTRODUCTION: Jasper Thompson’s Destiny Day September 6, 1906
STORY 2 - PROSPECT HILL AND THE THREE BROTHERS WASHINGTON 3:56
STORY 3 - JASPER THOMPSON’S EARLIEST ANCESTORS 6:22
STORY 4 - 3 WASHINGTON FAMILIES HERE - 1820 ON 8:53
STORY 5 - “WHO ALL” OWNED MOUNT VERNON? 10:22
STORY 6 - BLAKELEY & CLAYMONT 13:18
STORY 7 - “GRAND-MOTHER JANE” 17:07
STORY 8 - THE BYWORD WAS . . . 23:23
STORY 9 - THE SOBER FACTS, BUT GEORGE JOHNSON “GETS CLEAR” 25:06
INTERMISSION 27:28
STORY 10 - JASPER THOMPSON BEGINS LIFE 28:47
STORY 11 - A YEAR’S WORK IN 1850 31:28
STORY 12 - JASPER COMES OF AGE 35:36
STORY 13 - WHEN SOMBER MEN WEEP 36:50
STORY 14 - THE STORM BREAKS AT HOME 40:54
STORY 15 - JOINING AN ARMY 43:21
STORY 16 - FARMING IN THE FIELD OF WAR 45:50
STORY 17 - WAR STRIKES DOWN A WASHINGTON 50:14
STORY 18 - A TWELVE-MINUTE MEDITATION ON WAR 55:40
STORY 19 - JASPER’s NEW LIFE COME JULY GETS OFF WITH A BIG BANG 1:08:33
STORY 20 - SHEPHERDSTOWN, VA: NETTA LEE “MEETS” THE 19th U.S.COLORED TROOPS 1:17:36
STORY 21 - TRAINED AT CAMP CASEY & A “LINCOLN MOMENT” 1:29:00
STORY 22 - MANASSAS CAMP - THE MEN BECOME ONE 1:35:30
STORY 23 - LEE’s MEN FIRST FACE BLACK MEN IN BLUECOATS 1:43:06
STORY 24 - THE CRATER CLIMAX 1.47:41
STORY 25 - JASPER THOMPSON’s DESTINY DAY 2:01:29
REFERENCES PART 1 - ABOUT 2:26:00
Go to civilwarscholars.com for 700K of footnoted content and 12K images to accompany these videos made possible with the support of American Public University System more at Go to civilwarscholars.com for 700K of footnoted content and 12K images to accompany these videos made possible with the support of American Public University System more at
Rutherford B. Hayes | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rutherford B. Hayes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States from 1877 to 1881, having served also as an American representative and governor of Ohio. Hayes was a lawyer and staunch abolitionist who defended refugee slaves in court proceedings in the antebellum years. During the American Civil War, he was seriously wounded fighting in the Union Army.
He was nominated as the Republican candidate for the presidency in 1876 and elected through the Compromise of 1877 that officially ended the Reconstruction Era by leaving the South to govern itself. In office he withdrew military troops from the South, ending Army support for Republican state governments in the South and the efforts of African-American freedmen to establish their families as free citizens. He promoted civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, served as city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain. He earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of brevet major general. After the war, he served in the Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872. Later he served a third two-year term, from 1876 to 1877.
In 1876, Hayes was elected president in one of the most contentious elections in national history. He lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden but he won an intensely disputed electoral college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes's election on the condition that he withdraw remaining U.S. troops protecting Republican office holders in the South, thus officially ending the Reconstruction era.
Hayes believed in meritocratic government and equal treatment without regard to race. He ordered federal troops to guard federal buildings and in so doing restore order from the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. He implemented modest civil service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the Bland–Allison Act, which would have put silver money into circulation and raised nominal prices, insisting that maintenance of the gold standard was essential to economic recovery. His policy toward Western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887.
Hayes kept his pledge not to run for re-election, retired to his home in Ohio, and became an advocate of social and educational reform. Biographer Ari Hoogenboom said his greatest achievement was to restore popular faith in the presidency and to reverse the deterioration of executive power that had set in after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Although supporters have praised his commitment to civil service reform and defense of civil rights, Hayes is generally ranked as average or slightly below average by historians and scholars.
Maryland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maryland
00:03:32 1 Geography
00:04:29 1.1 Description
00:07:24 1.2 Geology
00:08:10 1.3 Flora
00:09:53 1.4 Fauna
00:11:40 1.5 Environment
00:12:50 1.6 Climate
00:15:22 2 History
00:15:31 2.1 17th century
00:15:40 2.1.1 Maryland's first colonial settlement
00:17:31 2.1.2 Persecution of Catholics
00:20:29 2.2 Border disputes (1681–1760)
00:22:34 2.3 18th century
00:24:56 2.4 19th century
00:25:59 2.4.1 Civil War
00:27:32 2.4.2 After the war
00:29:50 2.5 20th and 21st centuries
00:30:00 2.5.1 Early 20th century
00:33:06 2.5.2 1950–present
00:34:43 3 Demographics
00:36:33 3.1 Birth data
00:37:06 3.2 Language
00:37:41 3.3 Settlements
00:39:14 3.4 Ancestry
00:45:16 3.5 Religion
00:47:21 4 Economy
00:50:36 4.1 Baltimore port
00:52:07 4.2 Agriculture and fishing
00:53:36 4.3 Biotechnology
00:54:48 4.4 Tourism
00:55:54 5 Transportation
00:56:18 5.1 Roads
00:59:35 5.2 Airports
01:00:25 5.3 Rail
01:02:46 6 Law and government
01:04:29 6.1 Taxation
01:05:49 6.2 Elections
01:09:38 7 Media
01:09:51 8 Education
01:10:00 8.1 Primary and secondary education
01:12:05 8.2 Colleges and universities
01:14:11 8.3 Public libraries
01:15:04 9 Sports
01:17:18 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Maryland (US: (listen) MERR-əl-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary.Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and typographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combines elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.
One of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary. Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who enforced religious conformity in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation. Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.
Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.
Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a s ...
East Village, Manhattan
East Village is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, bordered to the west by Greenwich Village, to the north by Gramercy Park and Stuyvesant Town, to the south by the Lower East Side, and to the east by the East River. Generally, although definitions vary on the neighborhood's exact street boundaries, East Village is considered to be the area east of Third Avenue and the Bowery to the East River, between 14th Street and Houston Street.
The area was once generally considered to be part of the Lower East Side, but began to develop its own identity and culture in the late 1960s, when many artists, musicians, students and hippies began to move into the area, attracted by cheap rents and the base of Beatniks who had lived there since the 1950s. The neighborhood has become a center of the counterculture in New York, and is known as the birthplace and historical home of many artistic movements, including punk rock and the Nuyorican literary movement. It has also been the site of protests and riots.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Jubal Early | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jubal Early
00:01:18 1 Early and family life
00:05:26 2 Early military, legal and political careers
00:09:42 3 American Civil War
00:11:55 3.1 Serving under Stonewall Jackson
00:15:33 3.2 Gettysburg and the Overland Campaign
00:19:49 3.3 Shenandoah Valley, 1864-1865
00:28:35 4 Postbellum career
00:33:52 5 Death and legacy
00:36:57 5.1 Honors
00:37:57 5.2 Streets named after him
00:38:37 5.3 In popular culture
00:39:38 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jubal Anderson Early (November 3, 1816 – March 2, 1894) was a Virginia lawyer and politician who became a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Trained at the United States Military Academy, Early resigned his U.S. Army commission after the Second Seminole War and his Virginia military commission after the Mexican-American War, in both cases to practice law and participate in politics. Accepting a Virginia and later Confederate military commission as the American Civil War began, Early fought in the Eastern Theater throughout the conflict. He commanded a division under Generals Stonewall Jackson and Richard Ewell, and later commanded a corps. A key Confederate defender of the Shenandoah Valley, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864, Early made daring raids to the outskirts of Washington, D.C. as well as far as York, Pennsylvania, securing money and supplies which delayed the Confederate surrender for several months. After the war, Early fled to Mexico, then Cuba and Canada, and upon returning to the United States took pride as unrepentant rebel. Particularly after the death of Gen. Robert E. Lee in 1870, Early delivered speeches establishing the Lost Cause, as well as helped found the Southern Historical Society and memorial associations.
Thy Will Be Done Chapter 13b - A Great Civil War Story by Jim Surkamp
Made possible with the generous, community-minded support of American Public University System. More at (The views in this video and others at CivilWarScholars.com are meant to encourage discussion and do not in any way reflect the modern-day positions and policies of American Public University System.
Read by Jim Surkamp (Blackford, Von Borcke, McCarter, Narrator)
Ardyth Gilbertson (Mary Madison Willis Ambler, Netta Lee)
Music:
Shana Aisenberg (shanasongs.com): “Glass Rainbows” from “Desert Winds;” banjo (simple) & (upbeat); Lorena (mandolin) music by J. D. Webster; Fisher’s Hornpipe - traditional, (mandolin), 12-string - The Spirit Lives; Terry Tucker plays and sings “When Swallows Homeward Fly by Franz Abt;
Ti_Blanc Richard - Money Musk; Who’s Going Down To Town - courtesy the Toneway Mountain Music Collection;
Cam Millar (cammillar.com): Breath 1, Dawn To Dusk,
FX - courtesy freefx.co.uk: gallop, crackling fire, large fire; river flow; horse whinny; summer night ambience - insects, crickets and frogs; wagons on road.
Thursday, October 2nd; weather: forenoon – quite warm; afternoon – thundering, small clouds passing around; evening fine breeze sprang up. – (5).
Anne Willis Ambler wrote from her parents home near Summit Point, Rock Hall:
Again I am more than a week behind and cannot remember exactly what happened. This much I know, that soldiers were coming and going all the time begging and buying. Pa was compelled to let them have whatever they wanted as they were so insistent. Offered the highest prices. Forty cents a pound for honey, 50 cents for butter, 35 and 40 cents for bacon, 25 cents for soap, 10 cents for a head of cabbage, $1.25 a bushel for apples and $2.50 for potatoes. Pa sold 150 bushels. It is very troublesome to be feeding soldiers all day but they come so starved we cannot resist. - Ambler, p. 27.
Saturday, October 4th in Shepherdstown Miss Julia L. Quigley, aged 24 years, died of typhoid fever, She was the much beloved daughter of our worthy citizen, Dr. John Quigley. - “Shepherdstown, Register,” Nov. 9, 1865.
Saturday, October 4th:
Pa is having his fall apples gathered. Some of them are the finest I ever had. Here again, I think of you. How you would enjoy them. Rode to Rippon in the carriage yesterday and took Tom and Daisy to have their feet measured. Paid $1.50 for Daisy’s shoes, $4.75 for mine. I engaged him to make them for that. Paid $8.00 for shoes for Pa.
Sunday October 5th:
Fanny and Bertie walked up to the church to see a sick man. Found him lying on a bench with only a comforter to cover him and with typhoid fever. Poor fellow. Fanny will make him more comfortable if possible. Go to civilwarscholars.com for 700K of footnoted content and 12K images to accompany these videos made possible with the support of American Public University System more at Go to civilwarscholars.com for 700K of footnoted content and 12K images to accompany these videos made possible with the support of American Public University System more at
Maryland | Wikipedia audio article
Maryland (US: (listen) MERR-əl-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary.Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and typographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combines elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.
One of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary. Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who enforced religious conformity in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation. Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.
Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.
Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant role in the conflict. After the war, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. Since the Second World War, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated states in the nation. As of 2015, Maryland had the highest median household income of any state, owing in large part to its close proximity to Washington, D.C. and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, services, higher education, and biotechnology. Maryland has been ranked as one of the best governed states in the country. The state's central role in American history is reflected by its hosting of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per capita.
Maryland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maryland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Maryland (US: (listen) MERR-əl-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary.Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and typographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combines elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.
One of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary. Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who enforced religious conformity in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation. Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.
Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.
Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant role in the conflict. After the war, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. Since the Second World War, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated states in the nation. As of 2015, Maryland had the highest median household income of any state, owing in large part to its close proximity to Washington, D.C. and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, services, higher education, and biotechnology. Maryland has been ranked as one of the best governed states in the country. The state's central role in American history is reflected by its hosting of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per capita.
Maryland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maryland
00:03:32 1 Geography
00:04:28 1.1 Description
00:07:22 1.2 Geology
00:08:08 1.3 Flora
00:09:51 1.4 Fauna
00:11:38 1.5 Environment
00:12:48 1.6 Climate
00:15:19 2 History
00:15:28 2.1 17th century
00:15:37 2.1.1 Maryland's first colonial settlement
00:17:28 2.1.2 Persecution of Catholics
00:20:27 2.2 Border disputes (1681–1760)
00:22:32 2.3 18th century
00:24:53 2.4 19th century
00:25:56 2.4.1 Civil War
00:27:28 2.4.2 After the war
00:29:47 2.5 20th and 21st centuries
00:29:57 2.5.1 Early 20th century
00:33:03 2.5.2 1950–present
00:34:40 3 Demographics
00:36:29 3.1 Birth data
00:37:02 3.2 Language
00:37:37 3.3 Settlements
00:39:09 3.4 Ancestry
00:45:10 3.5 Religion
00:47:14 4 Economy
00:50:28 4.1 Baltimore port
00:51:59 4.2 Agriculture and fishing
00:53:28 4.3 Biotechnology
00:54:40 4.4 Tourism
00:55:46 5 Transportation
00:56:10 5.1 Roads
00:59:27 5.2 Airports
01:00:16 5.3 Rail
01:02:37 6 Law and government
01:04:19 6.1 Taxation
01:05:39 6.2 Elections
01:09:28 7 Media
01:09:40 8 Education
01:09:49 8.1 Primary and secondary education
01:11:54 8.2 Colleges and universities
01:14:00 8.3 Public libraries
01:14:53 9 Sports
01:17:08 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Maryland (US: (listen) MERR-əl-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary.Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and typographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combines elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.
One of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary. Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who enforced religious conformity in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation. Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.
Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.
Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a s ...
Scranton, Pennsylvania | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scranton, Pennsylvania
00:01:58 1 History
00:02:06 1.1 Pre-industrial (1776–1845)
00:03:26 1.2 Arrival of industry (1846–1899)
00:09:43 1.3 Labor history
00:12:21 1.4 Growth, prosperity and consequences (1900–1945)
00:17:21 1.5 Post-World War II (1946–1984)
00:20:25 1.6 Stabilization and restoration (1985–)
00:22:56 2 Geography
00:24:05 2.1 Climate
00:26:06 2.2 Adjacent municipalities
00:26:15 3 Demographics
00:29:33 4 Public safety
00:29:42 4.1 Fire department
00:30:33 4.2 Police
00:31:19 5 Culture
00:31:27 5.1 Media
00:33:25 5.2 Sports
00:36:45 5.3 Landmarks and attractions
00:40:29 5.4 In popular culture
00:41:26 6 Transportation
00:43:19 6.1 Railroads
00:45:08 7 Education
00:45:17 7.1 Primary and secondary education
00:46:56 7.2 Colleges and universities
00:47:34 7.3 Libraries
00:48:03 8 Notable people
00:48:12 8.1 Government
00:48:20 8.2 Arts
00:48:28 8.3 Sports
00:48:37 8.4 Others
00:48:45 9 Sister cities
00:49:18 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Scranton is the sixth-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County in Northeastern Pennsylvania's Wyoming Valley and hosts a federal court building. With a population of 77,291, it is the largest city in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of about 570,000.Scranton is the geographic and cultural center of the Lackawanna River valley, and the largest of the former anthracite coal mining communities in a contiguous quilt-work that also includes Wilkes-Barre, Nanticoke, Pittston, and Carbondale. Scranton was incorporated on February 14, 1856, as a borough in Luzerne County and as a city on April 23, 1866. It became a major industrial city, a center of mining and railroads, and attracted thousands of new immigrants. It was the site of the Scranton General Strike in 1877.
People in northern Luzerne County sought a new county in 1839 but the Wilkes-Barre area resisted losing its assets. Lackawanna County did not gain independent status until 1878. Under legislation allowing the issue to be voted by residents of the proposed territory, voters favored the new county by a proportion of 6 to 1, with Scranton residents providing the major support. The city was designated as the county seat when Lackawanna County was established in 1878, and a judicial district was authorized in 1879.
The city took its first step toward earning its reputation as the Electric City when electric lights were introduced in 1880 at Dickson Locomotive Works. Six years later, the nation's first streetcars powered exclusively by electricity began operating in the city. Rev. David Spencer, a local Baptist minister, later proclaimed Scranton as the Electric City.