Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site
00:02:33 undefined
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located in Brookline, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903) is recognized as the founder of American landscape architecture and the nation's foremost parkmaker of the 19th century. In 1883, Olmsted moved his home to suburban Boston and established Fairsted, the world's first full-scale professional office for the practice of landscape design. Over the course of the next century, his sons and successors expanded and perpetuated Olmsted's design ideals, philosophy, and influence.
The site is located at 99 Warren Street, in the Green Hill section of Brookline. Olmsted bought the Clark homestead, an 1810 Federal farmhouse, in 1883, to be near his frequent collaborator, H. H. Richardson, whose home and office were nearby. Olmsted and his son John Charles renovated the house, landscaped the property, and relocated the barn closer to the house, and in 1903 added the office wing to the northwest of the main house. Members of the Olmsted family occupied the main house until 1936, when Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. moved to Elkton, Maryland, renting the house to tenants. The offices of the Olmsted Brothers firm continued to be in the wing during this time, although business also declined. Members of the firm reoccupied the house in the 1960s, making substantial alterations to the original landscaping of the property. The property was acquired by the National Park Service in 1980. The grounds have been restored to a c. 1930 appearance, restoring much of Olmsted's landscaping.Park resources include the restored Fairsted historic landscape, and the design office (which remains virtually unchanged from the days when the Olmsted firm's activity was at its height. Housed within the office complex are nearly 1,000,000 original design records detailing work on many of America's most treasured landscapes, including the grounds of the U. S. Capitol and White House; Great Smoky Mountains and Acadia National Parks; Yosemite Valley; New York's Central Park; and whole park systems in cities such as Buffalo, Seattle, Boston, Louisville and Montreal. The Olmsteds also played an influential role in the creation of the National Park Service, which now owns and maintains the Olmsted site.
Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site is open to the public. The Park Service offers guided tours of the grounds and office wing.
Community By Design: The Olmsted Firm and the Development of Brookline, Massachusetts
From the Library of American Landscape History
Based on the LALH book by Keith Morgan, Elizabeth Hope Cushing, and Roger Reed, this short documentary tells the story of the development of the community of Brookline through the planning efforts of the firm founded by Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. Through plans for boulevards and parkways, residential subdivisions, institutional commissions, and private gardens, the Olmsted firm carefully guided the development of the town, as they designed cities and suburbs across America.
Find out more about this film and other LALH projects by visiting lalh.org
North America by Design is a free, educational film series produced by LALH to foster understanding of the fine art of landscape architecture and appreciation for North America's richly varied landscape heritage. All films in the series are created in association with Florentine Films/Hott Productions, Inc.
This film was made possible by generous gifts from:
Mass Humanities
Mr. and Mrs. John K. Notz Jr.
Friends of Fairsted
Azby Art Fund, advised by Thomas B. Lemann
Joanne W. Blokker
Anonymous donor
Nancy R. Turner
Jeff Allen, ASLA
Mr. and Mrs. Craig Barrow III
Boston Society of Landscape Architects
George W. Curry, FASLA
Nancy Newcomb and John Hargraves
James F. Olmsted
Walter and Nesta Spink
Elizabeth Wehrle, ASLA
Foundation for the Carolinas, advised by Dr. and Mrs. T. Price Zimmermann
Mrs. James Cooke III
Alexander Goriansky
Francis R. Kowsky
Debora and Andrew Lichtenberg
Dr. and Mrs. W. Scott Peterson
Margaret E. Richardson
Frances Shedd-Fisher
Nancy B. Taylor
Mrs. Walter F. Ballinger
Wendy Barensfeld
Chris Bond
John Danzer
Edith and Julius Fabos, FASLA
Elsbeth T. Falk
Burks Hamner
Elizabeth Hodder
Jacqueline J. Melander
John Franklin Miller
Darrel G. Morrison, FASLA
Veronica Nanagas-Devon
Jon A. Peterson
Mrs. Alfred M. Rankin
Roy and Laurie Regozin
Clarissa Rowe, ASLA
Dr. David Schuyler
Alida Silverman
Craig Smith
Jean Stringham
Mollie Babize and Mary Quigley
Kelly Comras, ASLA
Judith K. Major
Max Shull
Tanya Cushman
Barbara Shear
An Elm Returns to Fairsted
For more information, visit the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site
Video by
The Olmsted Legacy: America's Urban Parks
Part 1 of a documentary celebrating the legacy of Fredrick Law Olmsted - designer of Central Park in New York City and many other great urban parks and developments across the United States. Co-written and Directed by George deGolian.
ATB 52 - Frederick Law Olmsted & Works in the Blackstone Valley
Planning of landscapes and parks was unknown here in the US prior to Frederick Law Olmsted. The social dynamics surrounding the concept of parks; who would use them and for what purposes was indeed a contested issue. Boisterous games or refined cultural enlightenment? The working class or the wealthy class? Join us as we explore the needs for parks in America's changing social landscape through the lens of Frederick Law Olmsted.
The Best Planned City: Olmsted, Vaux, and the Buffalo Park System
From the Library of American Landscape History
Explore the development of the parks and parkways that Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux designed for Buffalo, New York, beginning in 1868.
A thirteen-minute documentary inspired by the book by author Francis R. Kowsky, published by UMass Press in association with LALH June 2013. The Best Planned City is the third film in the new LALH series North America by Design, available to a worldwide audience.
At the time, this development of connected green spaces as a park system was a revolutionary idea. Olmsted and Vaux's plans drew national and international attention; they were displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, where Olmsted declared Buffalo the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world.
Find out more about this film and other LALH projects by visiting lalh.org
North America by Design is a free, educational film series produced by LALH to foster understanding of the fine art of landscape architecture and appreciation for North America's richly varied landscape heritage. All films in the series are created in association with Florentine Films/Hott Productions, Inc.
This film was made possible by generous gifts from:
Susan L. Klaus
John K. Notz Jr.
Hodgson Russ, LLP
Azby Art Fund, advised by Thomas B. Lemann
Hickory Foundation, advised by Virginia James
Carolyn Marsh Lindsay
Elizabeth Barlow Rogers
George W. Curry, FASLA
Peter Pennoyer
Vanguard Charitable Program, advised by Dr. and Mrs. W. Scott Peterson
Natalie Shivers, AIA
Walter and Nesta Spink
Nancy R. Turner
Lucy Ireland Weller
Charles D. Burnham, ASLA
Mrs. James Cooke III
Deirdre Cunningham, McLallen House
Carol Grove
Robert A. M. Stern Architects
Thomas Woodward
Roy J. Zuckerberg Family Foundation, advised by Lloyd P. Zuckerberg
Laurence A. Clement
Kelly Comras
Linda Florio
David Kamp
Henri J. LeClerc
Jacqueline J. Melander
Flora Nyland
Edward and Mary Olinger
Jon A. Peterson
Barbara Troup Phippard
Nicholas Quennell, FASLA
Roy and Laurie Regozin
Frances Shedd-Fisher
Alida Silverman
Jean Stringham in honor of Caroline Loughlin
David Swinford
194 Garrett Cloer, Longfellow House-Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site
As part of its mission, the National Park Service seeks to protect and preserve places saved by the American people so that all may experience the heritage of the United States. These places include those with historical significance.
Supervisory Park Ranger Garrett Cloer joins us to explore the Longfellow House-Washington’s Headquarters National Historic Site so we can discover more about the Siege of Boston (1775-76) and the birth of the Continental Army and the life and work of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Show Notes:
Boston National Historical Park --- Faneuil Hall!
Hello Everyone! Welcome back to Ranger Ruby! Today in this video, I will go over Faneuil Hall in Boston National Historical Park and its influences on history. Let’s dive right on in! Often called the Cradle of Liberty, Faneuil Hall has served as a marketplace and meeting hall since it was first constructed in 1742. First proposed by Peter Faneuil as a marketplace for Boston, Faneuil Hall was built on land gained by the filling of the small cove near the ancient and run-down town dock. Only 19 years after it was completed, the hall was completely burned on the inside due to fire. Two years later in 1763, the hall was fully repaired. It was there, in Faneuil hall that the first rumblings of the American Revolution were felt. Early town meetings in the hall started turning from local issues to to the taxation and policies of Great Britain. Throughout the early stages of the revolution, many meetings were held here debating matters at hand and the hall became more and more important to the rebellion and its causes. When the American Revolution ended in 1783, Faneuil Hall soon became inadequate to meet the needs of the growing town of Boston. In 1805, architect Charles Bulfinch was called upon to expand the hall. The fully expanded Faneuil Hall was not in use for long though. With the adoption of the City Charter in 1822, government by town meeting ended and the hall was no longer the center of local political activity. Though it still remained as a forum for debate of National issues. Several Anti-Slavery Advocates held numerous rallies here during the 1840’s - 50’s. The use of the hall for debate continued with Women’s rights. The Hall’s reputation as the Cradle of Liberty Still lives on to this day. The meeting room at Faneuil Hall still serves as a public meeting place in Boston. National Issues are still discussed at its stage, but more frequently, the Hall is the site of debates on community issues, high school graduations, and naturalization ceremonies for new Americans. The Ideas of Faneuil Hall has been the same over the generations, and still to this day, can be proudly called the “Cradle of Liberty.”
John Olmsted -- Park Vision and Creation, Part 2 of 2
This is Part 2 of a two part lecture on park creation by John D. Olmsted, given to Rangers and Docents at the South Yuba River State Park (SYRSP), California, on October 14, 2009. Among his many conservation accomplishments Olmsted had been the driving force behind conserving the land and historic bridge at Bridgeport, headquarters of SYRSP. This was the first of what was to have been three sessions to cover Olmsted's conservation philosophy and methods during his 40 years of such efforts. Unfortunately, Olmsted (March 2, 1938 -- March 8, 2011) became too ill to complete any recorded lectures beyond this informative introduction.
Video quality is poor to fair because it was decided only at the last moment to record the lecture, and lighting in the small Visitor Center was completely inadequate. Nevertheless, the scope and topics covered here so well represent this exceptional man's contribution to California's parks, particularly those near Nevada City where he lived the final years of his fruitful life, that I decided to post the lecture here in two parts. Fortunately, the sound quality is good and Olmsted's message is clear -- the overall impression in the video presents a good measure of the man. Wikipedia is a good place to start for more information on Olmsted, his vision and his accomplishments:
Designing in the Prairie Spirit: A Conversation with Darrel Morrison
From the Library of American Landscape History
Designing in the Prairie Spirit features internationally renowned landscape architect Darrel Morrison, who reflects on his childhood in Iowa and the impact of Jens Jensen, Aldo Leopold, and others on his career.
While a graduate student at the Universityof Wisconsin, Morrison came under the influence of Aldo Leopold's classic A Sand County Almanac and Leopold's landscape legacy at Wisconsin, the 1,200-acre Curtis Prairie, where much of the film was shot. Incorporating footage from the original planting of Curtis Prairie from 1934, the film captures the remarkable beauty of the region and Morrison's interpretation of it for the new Native Plant Garden at the University of Wisconsin Arboretum. Other designs by Morrison—at Storm King Art Center, Lady Bird Wildflower Center, and the New York Botanical Garden—are also featured.
Find out more about this film and other LALH projects by visiting lalh.org
North America by Design is a free, educational film series produced by LALH to foster understanding of the fine art of landscape architecture and appreciation for North America's richly varied landscape heritage. All films in the series are created in association with Florentine Films/Hott Productions, Inc.
This film was made possible by generous gifts from the Viburnum Trilobum Fund of the New York Community Trust, advised by Nancy R. Turner, from James H. T. and Mary McConnell, and from Michael and Evelyn Jefcoat.
Boston | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Boston
00:02:33 1 History
00:02:42 1.1 Colonial
00:04:27 1.2 Revolution and the Siege of Boston
00:07:40 1.3 Post-revolution and the War of 1812
00:10:00 1.4 19th century
00:12:38 1.5 20th century
00:14:53 1.6 21st century
00:16:56 2 Geography
00:19:10 2.1 Cityscapes
00:19:18 2.2 Neighborhoods
00:21:05 2.3 Climate
00:25:12 3 Demographics
00:31:08 3.1 Ancestry
00:31:25 3.2 Demographic breakdown by ZIP Code
00:31:35 3.2.1 Income
00:31:50 3.3 Religion
00:33:33 4 Economy
00:37:11 5 Education
00:37:20 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:38:12 5.2 Higher education
00:42:05 6 Public safety
00:43:11 7 Culture
00:49:04 8 Environment
00:49:13 8.1 Pollution control
00:50:40 8.2 Water purity and availability
00:51:33 9 Sports
00:56:06 10 Parks and recreation
00:57:34 11 Government and politics
01:00:04 12 Media
01:00:13 12.1 Newspapers
01:01:53 12.2 Radio and television
01:04:24 12.3 Film
01:04:41 13 Healthcare
01:06:33 14 Infrastructure
01:06:42 14.1 Transportation
01:11:34 15 Twin towns and sister cities
01:13:05 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Boston is the capital and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 685,094 in 2017, making it also the most populous city in the New England region. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth-largest in the United States.Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) and first subway system (Tremont Street Subway, 1897).The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
Boston | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:34 1 History
00:02:42 1.1 Colonial
00:04:28 1.2 Revolution and the Siege of Boston
00:07:41 1.3 Post-revolution and the War of 1812
00:10:02 1.4 19th century
00:12:41 1.5 20th century
00:14:56 1.6 21st century
00:16:59 2 Geography
00:19:14 2.1 Cityscapes
00:19:22 2.2 Neighborhoods
00:21:09 2.3 Climate
00:25:20 3 Demographics
00:31:17 3.1 Ancestry
00:31:35 3.2 Demographic breakdown by ZIP Code
00:31:45 3.2.1 Income
00:32:00 3.3 Religion
00:33:43 4 Economy
00:37:22 5 Education
00:37:31 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:38:22 5.2 Higher education
00:42:17 6 Public safety
00:43:22 7 Culture
00:49:16 8 Environment
00:49:25 8.1 Pollution control
00:50:52 8.2 Water purity and availability
00:51:45 9 Sports
00:56:19 10 Parks and recreation
00:57:47 11 Government and politics
01:00:17 12 Media
01:00:26 12.1 Newspapers
01:02:06 12.2 Radio and television
01:04:37 12.3 Film
01:04:55 13 Healthcare
01:06:46 14 Infrastructure
01:06:56 14.1 Transportation
01:11:49 15 Twin towns and sister cities
01:13:21 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Boston is the capital and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 685,094 in 2017, making it also the most populous city in the New England region. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth-largest in the United States.Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) and first subway system (Tremont Street Subway, 1897).The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
1. NPS Design Tradition in the 21st Century (Ethan Carr)
Over the last century, National Park Service (NPS) planning and design has produced compelling landscape and architectural design that structured and helped define the national park experience for millions of visitors. The agency’s centennial provides an opportunity for park managers and historic preservation professionals to assess the significance and influence of this work and to consider the challenges of managing historic landscapes and buildings for the next century. How should this legacy of park buildings, designed landscapes, roads, trails, and facilities be managed and interpreted to a more diverse generation of park visitors? Can this legacy be both preserved and adapted to continue to serve the purposes and goals of the parks in the context of environmental threats, changing demographics, and new transportation and information technology?
The U. S. national park tradition of planning design has always adapted to new social and technological realities while adhering to the fundamental purpose of the parks as written in the NPS Organic Act a century ago. Creative new approaches were required to address changing conditions from the outset. Over the last century, remarkable initiatives led to sometimes radically altered approaches to how to achieve continued resource preservation and public enjoyment. As American society grew in numbers and changed in the expectations of what a national park experience should be, NPS design principles were reinvented to meet new challenges and maintain the place of the national park system in the public imagination.
The papers and case studies presented at this conference indicate that creativity and sometimes bold initiative are still required if the historic developed areas of national, state, and municipal, parks are to be not only preserved, but revived and enhanced for future generations. These landscapes and buildings will continue to be central to the park experience. The management of historic front country landscapes, today, must address many of the most significant new threats and challenges to the century-old mandate to preserve the parks unimpaired for the enjoyment and benefit of society at large.
Preserving America's Landscape Legacy
This video examines the importance of preserving the integrity of America's historic landscapes. Beginning with the role of landscape in film, the video uses landscapes familiar to most Americans to foster an understanding of how landscapes grow and change, but must still be preserved.
Narrated by Angela Lansbury.
1893 Chicago World's Fair | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:41 1 Planning and organization
00:09:37 2 Description
00:11:32 3 Attractions
00:16:18 3.1 Anthropology
00:16:57 3.2 Rail
00:18:32 3.3 Country and state exhibition buildings
00:20:21 3.4 Guns and artillery
00:21:48 3.5 Religions
00:22:32 3.6 Moving walkway
00:22:59 3.7 Horticulture
00:23:18 4 Architecture
00:23:27 4.1 White City
00:26:00 4.2 Role in the City Beautiful Movement
00:27:30 4.3 Great Buildings
00:28:55 4.4 Transportation Building
00:30:32 4.5 Surviving structures
00:33:44 4.6 Other architecture at the Fair
00:33:54 5 Visitors
00:35:58 6 Souvenirs
00:36:42 7 Assassination and end of fair
00:38:05 8 Electricity at the fair
00:43:06 9 Music at the fair
00:43:16 9.1 Musicians
00:44:18 9.2 Other music and musicians
00:47:29 10 Art at the fair
00:47:39 10.1 American artists exhibiting
00:47:49 10.1.1 Painters
00:47:57 10.1.2 Sculptors
00:48:07 10.2 Women artists exhibiting
00:49:12 11 Women artists at the Woman's Building
00:49:23 12 Notable firsts at the fair
00:50:14 12.1 Concepts
00:50:41 12.2 Commemorations
00:51:53 12.3 Edibles and potables
00:52:56 12.4 Inventions and manufacturing advances
00:53:17 12.5 Organizations
00:53:41 12.6 Performances
00:56:44 13 Later years
00:57:50 14 See also
01:00:16 14.1 Media about the fair
01:00:28 15 References and notes
01:00:38 16 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8104412634210435
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, the large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis for the honor of hosting the fair. The Exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicago's self-image, and American industrial optimism.
The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles B. Atwood. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux Arts principles of design, namely French neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings façades gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City. Many prominent architects designed its 14 great buildings. Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition.
The exposition covered 690 acres (2.8 km2), featuring nearly 200 new (but deliberately temporary) buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, canals and lagoons, and people and cultures from 46 countries. More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other world's fairs, and it became a symbol of the emerging American Exceptionalism, much in the same way that the Great Exhibition became a symbol of the Victorian era United Kingdom.
Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not actually opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World by Europeans, the fair also served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871.On October 9, 1893, the day designated as ...
Boston, Massachusetts | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:55 1 History
00:03:04 1.1 Colonial
00:05:04 1.2 Revolution and the Siege of Boston
00:08:42 1.3 Post-revolution and the War of 1812
00:11:20 1.4 19th century
00:14:14 1.5 20th century
00:16:46 1.6 21st century
00:19:02 2 Geography
00:21:34 2.1 Cityscapes
00:21:43 2.2 Neighborhoods
00:23:41 2.3 Climate
00:28:31 3 Demographics
00:35:12 3.1 Ancestry
00:35:31 3.2 Demographic breakdown by ZIP Code
00:35:42 3.2.1 Income
00:35:58 3.3 Religion
00:37:54 4 Economy
00:42:15 5 Education
00:42:24 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:43:22 5.2 Higher education
00:47:35 6 Public safety
00:48:48 7 Culture
00:55:21 8 Environment
00:55:30 8.1 Pollution control
00:57:08 8.2 Water purity and availability
00:58:06 9 Sports
01:03:17 10 Parks and recreation
01:04:52 11 Government and politics
01:07:40 12 Media
01:07:49 12.1 Newspapers
01:09:49 12.2 Radio and television
01:12:40 12.3 Film
01:12:59 13 Healthcare
01:15:01 14 Infrastructure
01:15:11 14.1 Transportation
01:21:17 15 Twin towns and sister cities
01:22:58 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8544413861959741
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 694,583 in 2018, making it also the most populous city in New England. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth most populous in the United States.Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) and first subway system (Tremont Street Subway, 1897).Today, Boston is a thriving port city. The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
High School Quiz Show - The Championship: Lexington vs. Newton North (815)
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Boston | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Boston
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Boston is the capital and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 685,094 in 2017, making it also the most populous city in the New England region. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth-largest in the United States.Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) and first subway system (Tremont Street Subway, 1897).The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
Boston | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Boston
00:02:34 1 History
00:02:42 1.1 Colonial
00:04:28 1.2 Revolution and the Siege of Boston
00:07:41 1.3 Post-revolution and the War of 1812
00:10:02 1.4 19th century
00:12:41 1.5 20th century
00:14:56 1.6 21st century
00:16:59 2 Geography
00:19:14 2.1 Cityscapes
00:19:22 2.2 Neighborhoods
00:21:09 2.3 Climate
00:25:17 3 Demographics
00:31:14 3.1 Ancestry
00:31:32 3.2 Demographic breakdown by ZIP Code
00:31:42 3.2.1 Income
00:31:57 3.3 Religion
00:33:40 4 Economy
00:37:18 5 Education
00:37:27 5.1 Primary and secondary education
00:38:19 5.2 Higher education
00:42:13 6 Public safety
00:43:19 7 Culture
00:49:12 8 Environment
00:49:21 8.1 Pollution control
00:50:48 8.2 Water purity and availability
00:51:41 9 Sports
00:56:16 10 Parks and recreation
00:57:44 11 Government and politics
01:00:14 12 Media
01:00:23 12.1 Newspapers
01:02:03 12.2 Radio and television
01:04:34 12.3 Film
01:04:52 13 Healthcare
01:06:43 14 Infrastructure
01:06:52 14.1 Transportation
01:11:45 15 Twin towns and sister cities
01:13:17 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Boston is the capital and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 685,094 in 2017, making it also the most populous city in the New England region. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth-largest in the United States.Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) and first subway system (Tremont Street Subway, 1897).The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
World Columbian Exposition | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:24 1 Planning and organization
00:08:53 2 Description
00:10:41 3 Attractions
00:15:07 3.1 Anthropology
00:15:44 3.2 Rail
00:17:12 3.3 Country and state exhibition buildings
00:18:55 3.4 Guns and artillery
00:20:18 3.5 Religions
00:20:59 3.6 Moving walkway
00:21:25 3.7 Horticulture
00:21:43 4 Architecture
00:21:52 4.1 White City
00:24:15 4.2 Role in the City Beautiful Movement
00:25:41 4.3 Great Buildings
00:27:01 4.4 Transportation Building
00:28:33 4.5 Surviving structures
00:31:30 4.6 Other architecture at the Fair
00:31:40 5 Visitors
00:33:36 6 Souvenirs
00:34:18 7 Assassination and end of fair
00:35:36 8 Electricity at the fair
00:40:18 9 Music at the fair
00:40:28 9.1 Musicians
00:41:26 9.2 Other music and musicians
00:44:26 10 Art at the fair
00:44:36 10.1 American artists exhibiting
00:44:46 10.1.1 Painters
00:44:55 10.1.2 Sculptors
00:45:05 10.2 Women artists exhibiting
00:46:06 11 Women artists at the Woman's Building
00:46:17 12 Notable firsts at the fair
00:47:04 12.1 Concepts
00:47:32 12.2 Commemorations
00:48:39 12.3 Edibles and potables
00:49:37 12.4 Inventions and manufacturing advances
00:49:58 12.5 Organizations
00:50:22 12.6 Performances
00:53:15 13 Later years
00:54:17 14 See also
00:56:34 14.1 Media about the fair
00:56:46 15 References and notes
00:56:56 16 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8831141167111901
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, the large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis for the honor of hosting the fair. The Exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicago's self-image, and American industrial optimism.
The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles B. Atwood. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux Arts principles of design, namely French neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings façades gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City. Many prominent architects designed its 14 great buildings. Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition.
The exposition covered 690 acres (2.8 km2), featuring nearly 200 new (but deliberately temporary) buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, canals and lagoons, and people and cultures from 46 countries. More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other world's fairs, and it became a symbol of the emerging American Exceptionalism, much in the same way that the Great Exhibition became a symbol of the Victorian era United Kingdom.
Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not actually opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World by Europeans, the fair also served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871.On October 9, 1893, the day designated as ...