2018 01 01 Narutowicz Square in Warsaw
Szczęśliwego Nowego Roku 2018 dla wszystkich moich drogich przyjaciół! / A Happy New Year 2018 to all my dear friends! / Une Heureuse Nouvelle Année 2018 à tous mes chers amis!
Plac Narutowicza w Warszawie / Narutowicz Square in Warsaw / Place de Narutowicz à Varsovie
01.01.2018
Pamięć o Gabrielu Narutowiczu - 90 rocznica
Komentuje dr Janusz Sibora / /
Plock Poland Europe - Narutowicz Square, Płock
Narutowicz Square in Plock (Poland).
The former Canonical Market is the oldest market in Poland. It was established in the 13th century and its original name comes from the many canonries or seat of canons situated around it. It played a role of the marketplace until the end of the 18th century. Its contemporary character is mostly created by the 19th century old constructions. Only two canonries have survived. One is the seat of bishops, the other is the Gothic seat of Płock Scientific Society. The Zielinki's Library, part of the Płock Scientific Society, is housed in the classical Providence House and is situated on the opposite side of the square. Bishop's Palace dating to ca. 1600 is also located at Narutowicza Square. It was rebuilt many times. In the 19th century it was converted into a court.
Plac Narutowicza w Płocku.
Gabriel Narutowicz
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Gabriel Narutowicz was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering at Switzerland's Zurich Polytechnic , Polish Minister of Public Works , Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs , and then the first President of the Second Polish Republic .He was assassinated in 1922, in his first week of assuming office as president.
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2018 05 22 w 100 rocznicę Warszawa cz 3b Sarkofag Gabriela Narutowicza muzyka ROTA
w 100. rocznicę odzyskania przez Polskę niepodległości / on the 100th anniversary of Poland regaining its independence / À l'occasion du 100e anniversaire du rétablissement de la Pologne indépendance
Wielcy Polacy / Great Poles / Grands Polonais
część / part / partie 3
Gabriel Narutowicz
część / part / partie 3b
Sarkofag Gabriela Narutowicza w Warszawie / The sarcophagus of Gabriel Narutowicz in Warsaw / Le sarcophage de Gabriel Narutowicz à Varsovie
18.05.2018 po / after / après 13h00
Grudzień 1922 - Gabrielowi Narutowiczowi
Piosenka z programu Miesiące
Tekst i muzyka - Hubert Bojarski
90. rocznica zamordowania Gabriela Narutowicza
Wywiad dla Gazety Wyborczej - ''Wszy wyłaziły zewsząd''. Nienawistnicy polscy (rozmawiała Agata Kondzińska):
Komentuje dr Janusz Sibora / /
POLAND - WikiVidi Documentary
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a sovereign country in Central Europe. It is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin. The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe's fir...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:03:54: Etymology
00:04:29: Prehistory and protohistory
00:06:03: Piast dynasty
00:10:19: Jagiellon dynasty
00:13:41: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:18:20: Partitions
00:21:28: Era of insurrections
00:26:58: Reconstruction
00:30:40: World War II
00:38:45: Post-war communism
00:41:58: Present-day
00:45:42: Geography
00:47:24: Geology
00:50:40: Waters
00:55:58: Land use
00:57:39: Biodiversity
00:59:21: Climate
01:01:04: Politics
01:03:31: Law
01:07:31: Foreign relations
01:10:20: Administrative divisions
01:11:15: Military
01:15:26: Law enforcement and emergency services
01:16:56: Economy
01:21:14: Corporations
01:22:48: Tourism
01:24:55: Energy
01:26:43: Transport
01:30:42: Science and technology
01:32:44: Communications
01:34:24: Demographics
01:38:07: Languages
01:39:57: Religion
01:44:47: Health
01:46:45: Education
01:49:26: Culture
01:50:25: Famous people
01:51:39: Society
01:54:06: Music
01:58:10: Art
02:00:44: Architecture
02:04:53: Literature
02:09:46: Media
02:12:18: Cuisine
02:14:37: Sports
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Plock Poland Europe - Buddhist Center Kuchary, Płock
Buddhist Center Kuchary it is in East Europe biggest center of this type.
- The Village Kuchary is placed in region of City Plock, Buddyjski Ośrodek Medytacyjny w Kucharach - Okolice Płocka
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] ( listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
Polish People's Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:46 1 History
00:10:39 1.1 1970s and 1980s
00:17:48 2 Government and politics
00:18:50 2.1 Foreign relations
00:20:14 3 Economy
00:20:22 3.1 Early years
00:24:24 3.2 Later years
00:30:56 4 Culture
00:32:27 5 Religion
00:36:05 6 Demographics
00:40:08 7 Military
00:40:16 7.1 World War II
00:41:35 7.2 After the war
00:42:50 8 Geography
00:43:42 8.1 Administration
00:45:26 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.859139170852711
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a communist satellite state in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, and the predecessor of the modern democratic Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous state of the Eastern Bloc after the Soviet Union. Having a unitary Marxist–Leninist communist government imposed by the Soviet Union following World War II, it was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact. The largest city and official capital since 1947 was Warsaw, followed by industrial Łódź and cultural Kraków.
The former country covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1989 under the Soviet-backed communist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II. The name People's Republic was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952 which was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The state's name was the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska) between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the temporary Constitution of 1947. From 1952, the Sejm exercised no real power, and Poland was regarded as a puppet entity set up and controlled by the Soviet Union. With time, Poland developed into a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of influence.The Polish People's Republic was a one-party state characterized by constant internal struggles for democracy and better living conditions. The Polish United Workers' Party became the dominant political faction, officially making Poland a socialist country, but with more liberal policies than other states of the Eastern Bloc. Throughout its existence, economic hardships and social unrest were common almost in every decade. The nation was split between those who supported the party, those who were opposed to it and those who refused to engage in political activity. Despite this, some groundbreaking achievements have been established during the People's Republic such as rapid industrialization, urbanization of smaller or larger cities and access to free healthcare and education was made available. The birth rate was high and the population almost doubled between 1947 and 1989. The party's most successful accomplishment, however, was the rebuilding of ruined Warsaw after World War II and the complete riddance of illiteracy, which stood at 30% in 1931 and at 2% in 1988.The Soviet Union, an exemplar state, had some influence over both internal and external affairs, and the Red Army was stationed in Poland as in all other Warsaw Pact countries. The Polish People's Army was the main branch of the Armed Forces. The official police organization, responsible for supposed peacekeeping and violent throttling of protests, was renamed Citizens' Militia. Under the command of the Ministry of Public Security of Poland UB, the Militia committed serious crimes to maintain the Communists in power, including the harsh treatment of protesters, arrest of opposition leaders and in extreme cases murder, with at least 22,000 people killed by the regime during its rule. As a result, Poland had a high-imprisonment rate but one of the lowest crime rates in the world. This was often fictitiously glorified by the ruling Polish Worker's Party, which ...
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
Polish People's Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Polish People's Republic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country that existed from 1947 to 1989 in Central Europe, and the predecessor to the modern democratic Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous state of the Eastern Bloc after the Soviet Union. Having a unitary Marxist–Leninist communist government, it was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact. The official capital since 1947 and largest city was Warsaw, followed by industrial Łódź and cultural Kraków.
The former country covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1989 under the Soviet-backed communist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II. The name People's Republic was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952 which was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The state's name was the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska) between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the temporary Constitution of 1947. From 1952, the Sejm exercised no real power, and Poland was regarded as a puppet entity set up and controlled by the Soviet Union. With time, Poland developed into a satellite state of the Soviet Union.The Polish People's Republic was a one-party state characterized by constant internal struggles for democracy and better living conditions. The Polish United Workers' Party became the dominant political faction, officially making Poland a socialist country, but with more liberal policies than other states of the Eastern Bloc. Throughout its existence, economic hardships and social unrest were common almost in every decade. The nation was split between those who supported the party, those who were opposed to it and those who refused to engage in political activity. Despite this, some groundbreaking achievements have been established during the People's Republic such as rapid industrialization, urbanization of smaller or larger cities and access to free healthcare and education was made available. The birth rate was high and the population almost doubled between 1947 and 1989. The party's most successful accomplishment, however, was the rebuilding of ruined Warsaw after World War II and the complete riddance of illiteracy, which stood at 30% in 1931 and at 0% in 2011.The Soviet Union, an exemplar state, had some influence over both internal and external affairs, and the Red Army was stationed in Poland as in all other Warsaw Pact countries. The Polish People's Army was the main branch of the Armed Forces. The official police organization, responsible for supposed peacekeeping and violent throttling of protests, was renamed Citizens' Militia. Under the command of the Ministry of Public Security of Poland UB, the Militia committed serious crimes to maintain the Communists in power, including the harsh treatment of protesters, arrest of opposition leaders and in extreme cases murder. As a result, Poland had a high-imprisonment rate but one of the lowest crime rates in the world. This was often fictitiously glorified by the ruling Polish Worker's Party, which described Poland as a safe and educated near-Utopian society.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
People's Republic of Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
People's Republic of Poland
00:03:22 1 History
00:09:42 1.1 1970s and 1980s
00:16:16 2 Government and politics
00:17:13 2.1 Foreign relations
00:18:31 3 Economy
00:18:40 3.1 Early years
00:22:23 3.2 Later years
00:28:19 4 Culture
00:29:40 5 Religion
00:32:56 6 Demographics
00:36:41 7 Military
00:36:50 7.1 World War II
00:38:04 7.2 After the war
00:39:14 8 Geography
00:40:02 8.1 Administration
00:41:38 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country that existed from 1947 to 1989 in Central Europe, and the predecessor to the modern democratic Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous state of the Eastern Bloc after the Soviet Union. Having a unitary Marxist–Leninist communist government, it was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact. The official capital since 1947 and largest city was Warsaw, followed by industrial Łódź and cultural Kraków.
The former country covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1989 under the Soviet-backed communist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II. The name People's Republic was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952 which was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The state's name was the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska) between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the temporary Constitution of 1947. From 1952, the Sejm exercised no real power, and Poland was regarded as a puppet entity set up and controlled by the Soviet Union. With time, Poland developed into a satellite state of the Soviet Union.The Polish People's Republic was a one-party state characterized by constant internal struggles for democracy and better living conditions. The Polish United Workers' Party became the dominant political faction, officially making Poland a socialist country, but with more liberal policies than other states of the Eastern Bloc. Throughout its existence, economic hardships and social unrest were common almost in every decade. The nation was split between those who supported the party, those who were opposed to it and those who refused to engage in political activity. Despite this, some groundbreaking achievements have been established during the People's Republic such as rapid industrialization, urbanization of smaller or larger cities and access to free healthcare and education was made available. The birth rate was high and the population almost doubled between 1947 and 1989. The party's most successful accomplishment, however, was the rebuilding of ruined Warsaw after World War II and the complete riddance of illiteracy, which stood at 30% in 1931 and at 0% in 2011.The Soviet Union, an exemplar state, had some influence over both internal and external affairs, and the Red Army was stationed in Poland as in all other Warsaw Pact countries. The Polish People's Army was the main branch of the Armed Forces. The official police organization, responsible for supposed peacekeeping and violent throttling of protests, was renamed Citizens' Militia. Under the command of the Ministry of Public Security of Poland UB, the Militia committed serious crimes to maintain the Communists in power, including the harsh treatment of protesters, arrest of opposition leaders and in extreme cases murder. As a result, Poland had a high-imprisonment rate but one of the lowest crime rates in the world. This was often fictitiously glorified by the ruling Polish Worker's Party, which described Poland as a safe and educated near-Utopian society.