Sitting down with Harriet Tubman's great-great-grandniece
Harriet Tubman Day coming up
Harriet Tubman - Psychic, Seer
Harriet Tubman is well known for her daring rescues of black slaves in the Eastern United States, but less well known are the remarkable abilities that she possessed that made these rescues possible. A review of the many anomalous events in Tubman's life suggests that she may have mastered the same psi abilities as psychics and remote viewers today, even without training.
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Sources:
Australian Institute of Parapsychological Research. The Concept of Transliminality.
Bradford, Sarah Hopkins. Harriet, the Moses of Her People. New York: George R Lockwood & Son, 1886.
Bradford, Sarah Hopkins. Harriet, the Moses of Her People. New York: J. J. Little & Co., 1901.
Bradford, Sarah Hopkins. Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman. Auburn, NY: WJ Moses, 1869.
Cheney, Ednah Dow Littlehale. “Moses,” Freedmen’s Record, March 1865: 34 - 38.
Cirino, Erica. “Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.” Healthline, 2017.
Drake, Frank C. The Moses of Her People. Amazing Life Work of Harriet Tubman. New York Herald, September 22, 1907.
Greyson, Bruce; Fountain, Nathan B.; Derr, Lori L.; Broshek, Donna K. Out-of-body experiences associated with seizures. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8, 65 (Feb 2014).
Larson, Kate Clifford. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero. New York: Ballantine Books, 2004.
Larson, Kate Clifford. “Harriet Ross Tubman.” Essential Civil War Curriculum, April 2015.
Lichfield, Gideon. The Science of Near-Death Experiences: Empirically investigating brushes with the afterlife. The Atlantic, April 2015.
McGowan, James A. “The psychic life of Harriet Tubman.” Visions Magazine, March, 1995: 1 - 3.
Parrinder, Edward Geoffrey. West African Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and Practices of Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Ibo, and Kindred Peoples. London: Epworth Press, 1969.
Rattray, R. S. Religion and Art in Ashanti. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927.
Ring, Kenneth; Evelyn Elsaesser Valarino. Lessons from the Light: What We Can Learn from the Near-Death Experience. Needham, Massachusetts: Moment Point, 2003.
Sanborn, Franklin. “Harriet Tubman,” Boston Commonwealth, July 16, 1863. [as it appears in Bradford’s Scenes, 72 - 85 or Harriet, 106 - 119.]
Sartori, Penny. Can you foresee the death of a loved one... and choose the exact moment you die? These accounts from an intensive care nurse will astonish you. DailyMail.com, January 26, 2014.
Thalbourne, Michael A.; Houran, James; Crawley, Susan E. Childhood Trauma as a Possible Antecedent of Transliminality. Psychological Reports. (December 1, 2003).
Thompson, Ian J. Verified OBE (Out-Of-Body) Experiences. New Dualism Archive.
Rabeyron Thomas; Watt, Caroline. Paranormal experiences, mental health and mental boundaries, and psi. Personality and Individual Differences 48, 4 (March 2010): 487 - 492.
Waggoner, Robert. Lucid Dreaming: Gateway to the Inner Self. Needham, Massachusetts: Moment Point Press, 2009.
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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau. Illustrations by V. R. Laurence. Research by Clark Murphy. Music by Josh Chamberland. Animation by Brendan Barr. Sound design by Will Mountain and Josh Chamberland.
This video uses sound effects downloaded from stockmusic.com.
Harriet Tubman the Maroon
Dr. Iyelli Ichile (@Drichile) joined us again to discuss a presentation she recently gave at the African Psychology Student Association Conference at Bowie State University where she discussed Harriet Tubman, Araminta, in the lesser-known context of maroons and maroonage.
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Guided Bus Tour ????
Harriet Tubman was an African American Abolitionist born in Dorchester County Maryland. She was an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War. HARRIET TUBMAN is credited with being the first woman to lead a military assault. Harriet Tubman organized the Historic Combahee River Raid with the help of Col. James Montgomery and the 2nd South Carolina USCT Volunteer Army. The Combahee River Raid liberated 725 enslaved men and women without losing the life of one single Union soldier.
Sunday, September 25, 2016 we experienced history live on a guided coach bus touring local Black History Sites along the Journey To Freedom Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway.
Sites: Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture
US Treasury Printing of Harriet Tubman $20 Bill
Harriet Tubman Birthplace Harriet Tubman Museum
Bucktown Store
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
Stanley Institiute
Harriet Tubman Byway
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Harriet Tubman and Her Escape To Freedom (Original)
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. (born Araminta Ross, c. March 1822 – March 10, 1913)
She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave, but hitting her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. After her injury, Tubman began experiencing strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God. These experiences, combined with her Methodist upbringing, led her to become devoutly religious.
In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or Moses, as she was called) never lost a passenger. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for his 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry.
When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her, and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African Americans that she had helped to establish years earlier. After her death in 1913, she became an icon of courage and freedom.
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19 century, and used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states and Canada. The scheme was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees.
Not literally a railroad but rather a secretly organized means of escape, the workers both black and white, free and enslaved, who aided the fugitives can also be referred to as the Underground Railroad. Various other routes led to Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, or overseas. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession (except 1763–83), existed from the late 17th century until Florida became a United States territory in 1821. One of the main reasons Florida changed its national allegiance to the U.S. was to end its status as a safe haven for escaped slaves. However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the late 1700s. It ran north and grew steadily until the Civil War began. One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the Railroad.
British North America (present-day Canada) was a desirable destination, as its long border gave many points of access, it was further from slave catchers, and beyond the reach of the United States' Fugitive Slave Acts. Most former slaves, reaching Canada by boat across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, settled in Ontario. More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there via the network during its 20-year peak period, although U.S. Census figures account for only 6,000. Numerous fugitives' stories are documented in the 1872 book The Underground Railroad Records by William Still, an abolitionist who then headed the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee.
Life in Harriet Tubman's America and Harriet Tubman's escape to freedom
Re-Membering Digital Storytelling: Harriet Tubman
By Lindsey Whittington and Madalynn Ward
University of Florida
Script:
Harriet Ross Tubman, originally named Araminta Ross, was born into slavery around the year of 1820 on the plantation of Edward Brodess in Dorchester County, Maryland. At this time, exact birth dates were not kept on file for slaves. At the young age of five, Tubman was sent to work within the household as a caretaker to the slave owner’s infant child. When she reached age seven, she was sent to collect muskrats from the traps that were set. At just thirteen years old, Tubman was severely injured when struck accidentally in the head by a heavy metal weight, which was intended for a runaway slave. After this injury, she began to experience seizures and what she claimed “premonitions” and vivid dreams that she thought allowed her to communicate with God.
In 1844, Tubman married a free black man named John Tubman.
Following the death of her slave owner in 1849, Tubman decided to flee in fear of being sold and separated from her family.
Using the Underground Railroad, Tubman traveled around 90 miles to the free state of Pennsylvania. After reaching Pennsylvania, Tubman later stated, “When I found I had crossed that line, I looked at my hands to see if I was the same person. There was such a glory over everything; the sun came like gold through the trees, and over the fields, and I felt like I was in Heaven.”
Around this time, Tubman decided to change her birth name from Araminta to Harriet - after her mother - and take her husband’s last name.
After escaping slavery, she returned to slave-holding states such as Mississippi, Florida, and Virginia many times to help other slaves escape. She led them safely to the northern free states and Canada.
Tubman made over 19 trips back to the slave-states and helped over 300 people to freedom - including bringing her family members to safety. While in Pennsylvania, she managed to find small jobs that later gave her enough money she could use in exchange for freedom of slaves.
In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was created, making it more difficult for slaves to escape to freedom. This act allowed for runaway slaves to be captured and returned to their owners for cash rewards.
When the Fugitive Slave Act was created, the Underground Railroad became quite popular. Harriet Tubman was famously known as a “conductor” of the Underground Railroad. Other “conductors” were comprised of people from all races, occupations, and income levels. For example, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Thomas Garrett, and Martha Coffin Wright.
The Underground Railroad did not consist of a railroad nor was it underground. This term was symbolically used in context to demonstrate the illegal activities of fugitive slaves finding their way to freedom. The railroad consisted of multiple networks in which protection was given. The Underground Railroad became the best aid for slaves to escape their plantations. At this time, African Americans, who were not freed, used this network of escape routes to become free. Back in this time period, African Americans were not seen as equal to the white man or even white woman. They were not seen as intelligent, when in fact they were.
Because so many people involved themselves with this system, a secret code language was created to keep the transportation of slaves under the radar. Throughout her years of liberating slaves, Tubman developed a wide variety of strategies including travelling at nighttime to decrease the chance at being seen, as well as singing coded slave songs that their masters could not comprehend.
Harriet Tubman believed in equality for every human. After her years of leading slaves into freedom, Tubman became an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the union during the American Civil War. She later became a prominent voice for women during the women’s suffrage movement alongside Susan B. Anthony and Emily Howland.
Closing:
Harriet Tubman devoted her life in hopes that society one day will change for the greater good. She will forever be remembered as a strong-willed, African American woman who stopped at nothing for her people and their social justice. Her legacy will continue to inspire future generations to speak up for what they believe in.
Living History with Harriet Tubman
Join Harriet Tubman (Kathryn Harris) as she talks about her experiences as a ‘conductor’ for the Underground Railroad. Over a period of roughly ten years, Tubman made nearly a score of trips to the slave states to lead slaves to freedom in the north, risking her own life and freedom each time she went south.
This program is part of the 2017 Black History Month series.
Recorded on February 23, 2017 at the Iowa City Public Library.
John Brown House
Take a glimpse at Mary Ritner's boarding house where John Brown and his men stayed in the months leading up to his raid on Harper's Ferry.
HARRIET TUBMAN - WikiVidi Documentary
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era was an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage. Born Araminta Ross as a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave and hit her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. She was a devout Christian and experienced strange visions ...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:28 Birth and family
00:05:05 Childhood
00:06:25 Religion
00:07:00 Head injury
00:08:41 Family and marriage
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Harriet Tubman and Her Escape to Freedom - Grades 6-8 Social Studies on the Learning Videos Channel
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. (born Araminta Ross, c. March 1822 – March 10, 1913)
She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave, but hitting her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. After her injury, Tubman began experiencing strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God. These experiences, combined with her Methodist upbringing, led her to become devoutly religious.
In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or Moses, as she was called) never lost a passenger. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for his 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry.
When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her, and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African Americans that she had helped to establish years earlier. After her death in 1913, she became an icon of courage and freedom.
Millions of enslaved African-American men, women and children lived in the United States less than 200 years ago. During that period of American history, many brave men and women attempted an escape to freedom.
Harriet Tubman overcame incredible odds and succeeded not only in gaining freedom for herself, but for over 300 other enslaved people. Through re-enactments and animated maps, this program chronicles her life and demonstrates her courage as a conductor on the Underground Railroad.
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19 century, and used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states and Canada. The scheme was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees.
Not literally a railroad but rather a secretly organized means of escape, the workers both black and white, free and enslaved, who aided the fugitives can also be referred to as the Underground Railroad. Various other routes led to Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, or overseas. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession (except 1763–83), existed from the late 17th century until Florida became a United States territory in 1821. One of the main reasons Florida changed its national allegiance to the U.S. was to end its status as a safe haven for escaped slaves. However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the late 1700s. It ran north and grew steadily until the Civil War began. One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the Railroad.
British North America (present-day Canada) was a desirable destination, as its long border gave many points of access, it was further from slave catchers, and beyond the reach of the United States' Fugitive Slave Acts. Most former slaves, reaching Canada by boat across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, settled in Ontario. More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there via the network during its 20-year peak period, although U.S. Census figures account for only 6,000. Numerous fugitives' stories are documented in the 1872 book The Underground Railroad Records by William Still, an abolitionist who then headed the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee.
Harriet Tubman: Searching for Her Ghost: Atsion New Jersey (Axis Video)
In the fall of 2017 there were reports of sightings of Harriet Tubman's ghost within the Wharton State Forest portion of the Pine Barrens. We set out on a cold November night to see if we could find any truth to these claims.
Harriet Tubman (1822-1913) She was a former slave and became an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War.
Tubman and her brothers, Ben and Henry, escaped from slavery on September 17, 1849.
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by African-American slaves to escape into free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause.
Harriet Tubman was a worker on the Underground Railroad, Tubman made 13 trips to the South, helping to free over 70 people. She led people to the northern free states and Canada. This helped Harriet Tubman gain the name Moses of Her People
During her travels, she passed through and briefly stayed in New Jersey. Although Tubman died in Auburn, NY from Pneumonia back in 1913, there have been many reports of a ghost spotted within the Pine Barrens attributed to Harriet Tubman.
Explorered were the locations where the ghost was reported, along with an abandoned cabin in Atsion, off of Route 206.
The results are contain within the video.
Camera:
Chris Chaos
Keith Kelly
Editing:
Chris Chaos
Adventurers:
Chris Chaos
Keith Kelly
Chrissy
Kate
MUSIC:
Prision Songs: Early in the Morning
Come Play with Me Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
Shadowlands 7 - Codex Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
Apprehension Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
This House Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
Shadowlands 4 - Breath Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
Welcome to HorrorLand Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
Mary Celeste Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
©2018 Axis Video
The Harriett Tubman Voodoo $20 Truth
This may have played a major role in Momma Moses Slave Runs
What You Never Knew About Harriet Tubman
One of our nation's greatest heroes, Harriet Tubman led slaves north to freedom via secret paths and waterways, but her skills also made her a valuable military asset to the Union Army.
From: CIVIL WAR 360: Fight for Freedom
Harriet Tubman at the Marsh Theater
Harriet Tubman at the Marsh Theater - Linda D. Wright dramatizes Harriet Tubman's life and shares how Harriet rescued her brothers one Christmas Eve.
Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross; c. 1822[1] – March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved families and friends,[2] using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era was an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave and hit her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. She was a devout Christian and experienced strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God.
In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or Moses, as she was called)
never lost a passenger.
After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work.When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African Americans that she had helped to establish years earlier. After she died in 1913, she became an icon of American courage and freedom. On April 20, 2016, the U.S. Treasury Department announced a plan for Tubman to replace Andrew Jackson as the portrait gracing Andrew Jackson as the portrait gracing the $20 bill.[3]
Harriet Tubman Story
My sister's English/History project
Harriet Tubman and Rosa Parks - Standing Up For Freedom on the Learning Videos Channel
Written and developed for young learners, the life and times of Harriet Tubman and Rosa Parks will come alive for children in this live-action program about two of America’s most enduring heroes of freedom. Stirring dramatizations and historically accurate reenactments, photographs and colorful maps help tell their stories.
Take your students on an impossible field trip to 1830 and the cotton fields of a southern plantation. Have them experience what life was like for an enslaved person. Then transport them to 1955 to a bus stop in Montgomery, Alabama where they can experience the unfairness of segregation. Using this program in your classroom will help to reach students with a variety of learning and information acquisition styles.
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. (born Araminta Ross, c. March 1822 – March 10, 1913)
She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave, but hitting her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. After her injury, Tubman began experiencing strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God. These experiences, combined with her Methodist upbringing, led her to become devoutly religious.
In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or Moses, as she was called) never lost a passenger. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for his 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry.
When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her, and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African Americans that she had helped to establish years earlier. After her death in 1913, she became an icon of courage and freedom.
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her the first lady of civil rights and the mother of the freedom movement.
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to relinquish her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the whites-only section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws. Parks' prominence in the community and her willingness to become a controversial figure inspired the black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year, the first major direct action campaign of the post-war civil rights movement. Her case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit Browder v. Gayle succeeded in November 1956.
Parks' act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon, president of the local chapter of the NAACP; and Martin Luther King Jr., a new minister in Montgomery who gained national prominence in the civil rights movement and went on to win a Nobel Peace Prize.
President Obama visits Syracuse New York
Harriet Tubman 1822-1913
Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c. January 29, 1822 – March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the United States Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage. Born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave but hit her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. She was a devout Christian and experienced strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God. (Maybe that blow to the head killed her, the grim reaper brought her back as a reaper and she could like turn invisible and stuff) In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or Moses, as she was called) never lost a passenger. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met the abolitionist John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for the raid on Harpers Ferry. When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement
Auburn, NY - Governor Cuomo's Capital for a Day 9-30-2015
On Wednesday, September 30, 2015 Mayor Michael Quill welcomed Governor Cuomo's 'Capital for a Day' to Memorial City Hall in Auburn, NY. The topic of the meeting was to discuss infrastructure needs and preparing for the future establishment of the Harriet Tubman National Historical Park on Route 34 in Auburn.
The Governor sent Rosemary Powers, Chief Operating Officer of the New York State Department of Transportation to the meeting to discuss the topics with local officials. The meeting lasted 45 minutes. Ms. Powers also took a tour of the Seward House Museum, The Harriet Tubman Home and Historic South Street.
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Visitor Center - Preview Clip 2
Sunday 6pm & 10pm ET on C-SPAN3's American Artifacts: