MONSTERS IN FLORIDA 2014
[Description]
ESCAMBIA RIVER MONSTERS IN FLORIDA
Catfish Tournament
SATURDAY 18TH -- SUNDAY 19TH OCTOBER 2014
This will be the first official catfish tournament held in the Pensacola area on Escambia River.
It's going to take place October 18th right in the middle of the big cat bite. October is when we catch most of our big catfish in Florida, as the weather cools the catfish go into a feeding frenzy. Florida is building a name for producing big catfish, especially on Escambia River.
We chose this river for its length and diversity, with 92 miles of river and countless ramps to launch from there will be plenty of room for a spectacular catfish tournament.
No blazing hot tournament here, just cool fall weather for everyone to enjoy.
There will be a 4 fish per boat limit; this event will be all about team work. If you plan to fish solo that's fine as well but teams are encouraged.
We are expecting to see some really big fish brought to the scales we hope to have a bounty set for anyone who can break the state record.
How to Catch Blue Crabs
how to Do florida is an Emmy Award winning travel adventure series featuring authentic Florida. For all things Florida visit: howtodoflorida.com.
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how to Do florida is an Emmy Award winning travel adventure series featuring authentic Florida. For all things Florida visit: howtodoflorida.com.
Check out The Outsiders Club our outdoor adventure series for kids:
SUBSCRIBE & LEARN HOW TO DO FLORIDA
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Commercial crabber Capt. Gus shows Chad a few techniques for recreational crabbing off a dock or boat.
How Does A Shrimp Boat Work?
See how a shrimp boat catches shrimp and learn about the different gear that is used to catch this tasty culinary treasure. More information on shrimping families, shrimp recipes and seafood festivals at shrimpalliance.com
Geronimo's Story of His Life | Full Audiobook with subtitles | Native American History
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Geronimo’s Story of His Life
GERONIMO
Geronimo’s Story of His Life is the oral life history of a legendary Apache warrior. Composed in 1905, while Geronimo was being held as a U.S. prisoner of war at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, Geronimo’s story found audience and publication through the efforts of S. M. Barrett--Lawton, Oklahoma, Superintendent of Education, who wrote in his preface that “the initial idea of the compilation of this work was . . . to extend to Geronimo as a prisoner of war the courtesy due any captive, i.e. the right to state the causes which impelled him in his opposition to our civilization and laws.” Barrett, with the assistance of Asa Deklugie, son of Nedni chief Whoa as Apache translator, wrote down the story as Geronimo told it --beginning with an Apache creation myth. Geronimo recounted bloody battles with Mexican troopers, against whom he had vowed vengeance in 1858 after they murdered his mother, his wife, and his three small children. He told of treaties made between Apaches and the U.S. Army--and treaties broken. There were periods of confinement on the reservations, and escapes. And there were his final days on the run, when the U.S. Army put 5000 men in the field against his small band of 39 Apache.
Geronimo had been a prisoner of war for 19 years when he told his story. Born in 1829, he was by then an old man, no longer a warrior, and he had come to an accommodation with many things “white,” including an appreciation of money. U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs personnel took him to the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, where he roped cows in the “wild west show” and signed his name for “ten, fifteen, or twenty five cents.” By then he was perhaps the United States’ most “famous” Indian. In 1905 he was even invited to ride horseback in President Theodore Roosevelt’s inaugural parade (though still a prisoner of war!).
Geronimo dedicated his book to Roosevelt with the plea that he and his people be allowed to return to their ancestral land in Arizona. “It is my land, my home, my father’s land, to which I now ask to be allowed to return. I want to spend my last days there, and be buried among those mountains. If this could be I might die in peace.” Geronimo died at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, in 1909, still a prisoner of war. (Introduction by Sue Anderson)
Genre(s): *Non-fiction, Biography & Autobiography, History Audio Book Audiobooks All Rights Reserved. This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer visit librivox.org.
WSRE | Rally 2014 | October 6th
A co-production of the League of Women Voters, WSRE-TV and Pensacola State College, Rally provides voters with the opportunity to become informed about candidates for political office. Questions provided by the League of Women Voters of the Pensacola Bay Area and Okaloosa County are asked of candidates by co-hosts Drexel Gilbert and Sandra Averhart. Each candidate also has the opportunity to offer a closing statement. Viewers are given an unbiased look at the candidates vying to represent them and learn where they stand on the important issues that affect them. This edition features candidates for U.S. Congress District 1; Florida House Districts 1 and 2; Mayor of Pensacola; and Okaloosa County School Board District 3.
PBS NewsHour West Live Episode, Dec 10, 2019
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New Spain | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
New Spain
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva España [birei̯ˈnato ðe ˈnweβa esˈpaɲa]) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. It covered a huge area that included territories in North America, Central America, Asia and Oceania. It originated after the fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the main event of the Spanish conquest, which did not properly end until much later, as its territory continued to grow to the north. It was officially created on 8 March 1535 as a viceroyalty (Spanish: virreinato), the first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas. Its first viceroy was Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, and the capital of the viceroyalty was Mexico City, established on the ancient Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
It included what is now Mexico plus the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oregon, Washington, Florida and parts of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Kansas, Oklahoma and Louisiana; as well as the southwestern part of British Columbia of present-day Canada; plus the Captaincy General of Guatemala (which included the current countries of Guatemala, the Mexican state of Chiapas, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua); the Captaincy General of Cuba (current Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and Guadeloupe); and the Captaincy General of the Philippines (including the Philippines, Guam, the Caroline Islands, the Mariana Islands and the short lived Spanish Formosa in modern day northern Taiwan).
The political organization divided the viceroyalty into kingdoms and captaincies general. The kingdoms were those of New Spain (different from the viceroyalty itself); Nueva Galicia (1530); Captaincy General of Guatemala (1540); Nueva Vizcaya (1562); New Kingdom of León (1569); Santa Fe de Nuevo México (1598); Nueva Extremadura (1674) and Nuevo Santander (1746). There were four captaincies: Captaincy General of the Philippines (1574), Captaincy General of Cuba, Captaincy General of Puerto Rico and Captaincy General of Santo Domingo. These territorial subdivisions had a governor and captain general (who in New Spain was the viceroy himself, who added this title to his other dignities). In Guatemala, Santo Domingo and Nueva Galicia, these officials were called presiding governors, since they were leading real audiences. For this reason, these hearings were considered praetorial.
There were two great estates. The most important was the Marquisate of the Valley of Oaxaca, property of Hernán Cortés and his descendants that included a set of vast territories where marquises had civil and criminal jurisdiction, and the right to grant land, water and forests and within which were their main possessions (cattle ranches, agricultural work, sugar mills, fulling houses and shipyards). The other estate was the Duchy of Atlixco, granted in 1708, by King Philip V to José Sarmiento de Valladares, former viceroy of New Spain and married to the Countess of Moctezuma, with civil and criminal jurisdiction over Atlixco, Tepeaca, Guachinango, Ixtepeji and Tula de Allende. King Charles III introduced reforms in the organization of the viceroyalty in 1786, known as Bourbon reforms, which created the intendencias, which allowed to limit, in some way, the viceroy's attributions.
New Spain developed highly regional divisions, reflecting the impact of climate, topography, indigenous populations, and mineral resources. The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social, political, and economic organization. The northern area of Mexico, a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations, was not generally conducive to dense settlements, but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines. Silver mining not only became ...
All Hands on Deck 2018 - Day 1
Chapter 1 0:04 - Welcome
Chapter 2 13:03 - Keynote Address, Neil Jacobs, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
Chapter 3 47:11 - PLAY, Sparking curiosity in the ocean through games and recreation
Chapter 4 1:29:04 IMAGINE, Imagining a bright, optimistic future for the ocean
Chapter 5 2:13:22 - IMMERSE, Bringing people to the ocean and the ocean to people
Chapter 6 2:58:35- Artist-at-Sea Program Update
Chapter 7 3:08:37 - Lightning Talks
Chapter 8 3:43:15 - Workshops 1A
Chapter 9 3:59:29 - Workshops 1B
Chapter 10 4:05:57 - Exploration Updates
To fully explore and understand the ocean, we can no longer rely on a handful of large, expensive research vessels and vehicles. We truly need all hands on deck to do it.
On November 8-9, 2018, we brought together leaders and changemakers in ocean exploration, entertainment, recreation, and art to imagine new ways to empower an open, inclusive global community of ocean explorers. Our goal is to imagine creative ways to make the ocean so pervasive in modern culture that everyone has a positive association with and understanding of the sea.
More information at:
License: CC-BY-4.0 (
Aj's first Triple Tail
Jacksonville Triple Tail fishing. Step sons first TT. Fishing the Crab Pots.
Contact
Jodie Foster and Matthew McConaughey star in this gripping story of a radio astronomer who receives the first extraterrestrial radio signal ever picked up on Earth.
Monsanto
Monsanto Company is a publicly traded American multinational agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. It is a leading producer of genetically engineered (GE) seed and of the herbicide glyphosate, which it markets under the Roundup brand.
Founded in 1901 by John Francis Queeny, by the 1940s Monsanto was a major producer of plastics, including polystyrene and synthetic fibers. Notable achievements by Monsanto and its scientists as a chemical company included breakthrough research on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and being the first company to mass-produce light emitting diodes (LEDs). The company also formerly manufactured controversial products such as the insecticide DDT, PCBs, Agent Orange, and recombinant bovine somatotropin (a.k.a. bovine growth hormone).
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Authors@Google: Russell Banks
Author Russell Banks visits Google Cambridge to discuss his new novel Lost Memory of Skin. From the description:
Lost Memory of Skin is a provocative novel of spiritual and moral redemption from Russell Banks, the author of Affliction, Rule of the Bone, Continental Drift, Cloudsplitter, and other acclaimed masterworks of contemporary American fiction. Uncompromising and complex, Lost Memory of Skin is the story of The Kid, a young sex offender recently released from prison and forced to live beneath a South Florida causeway. When The Professor, a man of enormous intellect and appetite, takes The Kid under his wing, his own startling past will cause upheavals in both of their worlds. At once lyrical, witty, and disturbing, Banks's extraordinary novel showcases his abilities as a world-class storyteller as well as his incisive understanding of the dangerous contradictions and hypocrisies of modern American society.
National Capital Planning Commission (USA) Meeting, March 3, 2016
Proceedings from the March 2016 Meeting: Pentagon Support Operations Center; Information Presentation: Consolidated FBI Headquarters-Three Future Alternative Sites; Information Presentation: DC Water Clean Rivers Project; Information Presentation: Memorials for the Future Design Challenge.
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Andrew Jackson | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Andrew Jackson
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the common man against a corrupt aristocracy and to preserve the Union.
Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War, Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards. He served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate representing Tennessee. After resigning, he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage, and became a wealthy, slaveowning planter. In 1801, he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year. He led troops during the Creek War of 1813–1814, winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia. In the concurrent war against the British, Jackson's victory in 1815 at the Battle of New Orleans made him a national hero. Jackson then led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War, which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain. Jackson briefly served as Florida's first territorial governor before returning to the Senate. He ran for president in 1824, winning a plurality of the popular and electoral vote. As no candidate won an electoral majority, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams in a contingent election. In reaction to the alleged corrupt bargain between Adams and Henry Clay and the ambitious agenda of President Adams, Jackson's supporters founded the Democratic Party.
Jackson ran again in 1828, defeating Adams in a landslide. Jackson faced the threat of secession by South Carolina over what opponents called the Tariff of Abominations. The crisis was defused when the tariff was amended, and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede. In Congress, Henry Clay led the effort to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson, regarding the Bank as a corrupt institution, vetoed the renewal of its charter. After a lengthy struggle, Jackson and his allies thoroughly dismantled the Bank. In 1835, Jackson became the only president to completely pay off the national debt, fulfilling a longtime goal. His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the party spoils system in American politics. In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory. In foreign affairs, Jackson's administration concluded a most favored nation treaty with Great Britain, settled claims of damages against France from the Napoleonic Wars, and recognized the Republic of Texas. In January 1835, he survived the first assassination attempt on a sitting president.
In his retirement, Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics, supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk. Though fearful of its effects on the slavery debate, Jackson advocated the annexation of Texas, which was accomplished shortly before his death. Jackson has been widely revered in the United States as an advocate for democracy and the common man. Many of his actions, such as those during the Bank War, proved divisive, garnering both fervent support and strong opposition from many in the country. His reputation has suffered since the 1970s, largely due to his role in Indian removal. Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson favorably among United States presidents.
Creation Seminar 4 Lies in the Textbooks Dr Kent Hovind (With Subtitles)
Creation Seminar 4 Lies in the Textbooks Dr. Kent Hovind (With Subtitles)
(You can translate the captions into your own language)
The fourth of the Creation Seminar series by Dr. Kent Hovind. This session reveals all the lies within the textbooks.
Introduction: 0:45
Lie #1 Grand Canyon did not form millions of years ago. It was formed rapidly by a flood: 9:00
Lie #2 Geologic Column does not exist, it only exist in the book Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell. The layers were made in the flood by hydrologic sorting: 18:11
Lie #3 Fossils are dated by the Layers and Layers are dated by the Fossils, circular reasoning, is not a valid evidence for evolution and is simply flawed thinking. : 25:00
Lie #4 Index fossils are not millions of years ago, some are alive today! Like the Trilobites, Graptolites and Coelacanth.: 30:53
Lie #5 The layers are not different ages and are not as old as evolutionists claim it to be as proven by dinosaur blood cells in fossils, petrified trees standing through the geologic column even upside down (polystrate fossils): 34:45
Lie #6 It does not take millions and millions of years for petrification to occur: 35:32
Lie #7 Evolution (the first five forms of evolution) is a lie only micro-evolution (variation) has been scientifically proven: 40:48
Lie # 8 Mutations is not evidence for evolution or a catalyst for it. There is no such things as a good mutation, that's an oxymoron, it is always bad! Consequences of Evolution Theory and its legacy: 52:26
Lie #9 Natural Selection does not cause evolution. It only selects it never creates. The pepper moth deception/ hoax is one of many used to propagate this lie: 58:42
Lie #10 Homology argument is a lie. It uses comparative anatomy between species as a means to prove evolution. On the other hand, it only proves that there is a common design or intelligent design, the designer being God: 1:07:13
Lie #11 Evidence from the Development of animals from conception. This belief was enforced by Ernst Haeckel who created the biogenetic law. Dr. Hovind reveals that this law was a hoax and embryos do not have gills like a fish. : 1:10:18
Lie #12 Humans are not humans at conception - This is a lie originated from the biogenetic law and embryology. This is the foundation for legalizing abortions: 1:14:30
Adolph Hitler, the Holocaust and Evolution. The fact that evolution was the basis for Hitler killing the Jews. : 1:26:40
Lie #13 The appendix, wisdom teeth, the inside corner of the eye and tailbone (coccyx) being described as vestigial (unnecessary) are all lies. All are important and serve a purpose: 1:31:46
Lie #14 Evolutionist use the claim that whales have a vestigial pelvis, this is false, those little bones were termed vestiges but were found to be used to aid reproduction: 1:33:08
Lie #15 Snakes have little claws which have been claimed to be vestigial but have been found to also aid in reproduction. : 1:35:44
Lie #16 The eyeball is too complicated to have been a product of evolution. The design of a creation demands a designer: 1:41:55
Lie #17 Hair on a bacteria (flagellum) acts like a motor. It is also too complicated to even remotely be made by evolution: 1:49:10
Lie #18 There is no evidence that we came from primordial soup or that life came from non-living material.: 1:50:33
Lie #19 Miller and Urey experiment failed at ever producing life, it only proved how remarkably impossible it is: 1:52:39
Lie #20 The evolutionary trees and trees of life are not science but are based on pure imagination: 2:00:54
Lie #21 Smaller in not simple. A 'simple cell' is an oxymoron: 2:02:25
Lie #22 DNA does not prove evolution and never will! : 2:05:42
Lie #23 All life does not have a common ancestor: 2:08:32
Lie #24 There is no proof of evolution in fossils: 2:18:42
Lie #25 The evolution of the horse is fake and has been proven wrong: 2:25:17
Lie #26 Arranging similar animals in a certain order does not prove evolution: 2:28:01
Lie #27 Everything in evolution is backwards to the bible, the two don't mix. Reptile to bird evolution has no evidence. 2:30:00
How to fight these lies in the text books?: 2:34:07
Please pray for Dr. Hovind who has been incarcerated for standing on God's side. Please Link Dr. Hovind's videos on facebook, twitter, everywhere, tell your friends and family the truth.
Experiments in Stratification:
Dr. Kent Hovind's Public School Presentation:
Science and The Bible:
Modern Technology Which the Bible Predicted Would Be Invented!!:
My Website:
My Channel:
Creation Seminar 5 The Dangers of Evolution (With Subtitles)
Andrew Jackson | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Andrew Jackson
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the common man against a corrupt aristocracy and to preserve the Union.
Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War, Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards. He served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate representing Tennessee. After resigning, he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage, and became a wealthy, slaveowning planter. In 1801, he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year. He led troops during the Creek War of 1813–1814, winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia. In the concurrent war against the British, Jackson's victory in 1815 at the Battle of New Orleans made him a national hero. Jackson then led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War, which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain. Jackson briefly served as Florida's first territorial governor before returning to the Senate. He ran for president in 1824, winning a plurality of the popular and electoral vote. As no candidate won an electoral majority, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams in a contingent election. In reaction to the alleged corrupt bargain between Adams and Henry Clay and the ambitious agenda of President Adams, Jackson's supporters founded the Democratic Party.
Jackson ran again in 1828, defeating Adams in a landslide. Jackson faced the threat of secession by South Carolina over what opponents called the Tariff of Abominations. The crisis was defused when the tariff was amended, and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede. In Congress, Henry Clay led the effort to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson, regarding the Bank as a corrupt institution, vetoed the renewal of its charter. After a lengthy struggle, Jackson and his allies thoroughly dismantled the Bank. In 1835, Jackson became the only president to completely pay off the national debt, fulfilling a longtime goal. His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the party spoils system in American politics. In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory. In foreign affairs, Jackson's administration concluded a most favored nation treaty with Great Britain, settled claims of damages against France from the Napoleonic Wars, and recognized the Republic of Texas. In January 1835, he survived the first assassination attempt on a sitting president.
In his retirement, Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics, supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk. Though fearful of its effects on the slavery debate, Jackson advocated the annexation of Texas, which was accomplished shortly before his death. Jackson has been widely revered in the United States as an advocate for democracy and the common man. Many of his actions, such as those during the Bank War, proved divisive, garnering both fervent support and strong opposition from many in the country. His reputation has suffered since the 1970s, largely due to his role in Indian removal. Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson favorably among United States presidents.
Board of County Commissioners Budget Policy Workshop
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Viceroyalty of New Spain | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Viceroyalty of New Spain
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva España [birei̯ˈnato ðe ˈnweβa esˈpaɲa]) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. It covered a huge area that included territories in North America, Central America, Asia and Oceania. It originated after the fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the main event of the Spanish conquest, which did not properly end until much later, as its territory continued to grow to the north. It was officially created on 8 March 1535 as a viceroyalty (Spanish: virreinato), the first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas. Its first viceroy was Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, and the capital of the viceroyalty was Mexico City, established on the ancient Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
It included what is now Mexico plus the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oregon, Washington, Florida and parts of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Kansas, Oklahoma and Louisiana; as well as the southwestern part of British Columbia of present-day Canada; plus the Captaincy General of Guatemala (which included the current countries of Guatemala, the Mexican state of Chiapas, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua); the Captaincy General of Cuba (current Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and Guadeloupe); and the Captaincy General of the Philippines (including the Philippines, the Caroline Islands, the Mariana Islands and the short lived Spanish Formosa in modern day northern Taiwan).
The political organization divided the viceroyalty into kingdoms and captaincies general. The kingdoms were those of New Spain (different from the viceroyalty itself); Nueva Galicia (1530); Captaincy General of Guatemala (1540); Nueva Vizcaya (1562); New Kingdom of León (1569); Santa Fe de Nuevo México (1598); Nueva Extremadura (1674) and Nuevo Santander (1746). There were four captaincies: Captaincy General of the Philippines (1574), Captaincy General of Cuba, Captaincy General of Puerto Rico and Captaincy General of Santo Domingo. These territorial subdivisions had a governor and captain general (who in New Spain was the viceroy himself, who added this title to his other dignities). In Guatemala, Santo Domingo and Nueva Galicia, these officials were called presiding governors, since they were leading real audiences. For this reason, these hearings were considered praetorial.
There were two great estates. The most important was the Marquisate of the Valley of Oaxaca, property of Hernán Cortés and his descendants that included a set of vast territories where marquises had civil and criminal jurisdiction, and the right to grant land, water and forests and within which were their main possessions (cattle ranches, agricultural work, sugar mills, fulling houses and shipyards) . The other estate was the Duchy of Atlixco, granted in 1708, by King Philip V to José Sarmiento de Valladares, former viceroy of New Spain and married to the Countess of Moctezuma, with civil and criminal jurisdiction over Atlixco, Tepeaca, Guachinango, Ixtepeji and Tula de Allende. King Charles III introduced reforms in the organization of the viceroyalty in 1786, known as Bourbon reforms, which created the intendencias, which allowed to limit, in some way, the viceroy's attributions.
New Spain developed highly regional divisions, reflecting the impact of climate, topography, indigenous populations, and mineral resources. The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social, political, and economic organization. The northern area of Mexico, a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations, was not generally conducive to dense settlements, but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines. Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain, b ...
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