Irish place names with Geraldene O'Reilly
The majority of Irish genealogy records are arranged by locality and most people within them are identified by the place name where they lived. Listen to Geraldene O'Reilly's talk to help you investigate Irish place names.
Speaker: Geraldene O'Reilly
Recorded at Auckland Libraries, 1 April 2015.
The State of the Catholic Church in Ireland at the Start of the 21st Century
Ireland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ireland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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SUMMARY
=======
Ireland ( ( listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster-Scots: Airlann [ˈɑːrlən]) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland), which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. In 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just over 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.The island's geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. It was covered by thick woodlands until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, compared with a European average of 35%. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.
The earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC (12,500 years ago). Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the 12th century Norman invasion, England claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades, and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, and Northern Ireland, as part of it, did the same.
Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music and the Irish language. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, and golf.
Neighbourhoods proof of concept for Godot Getaway
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Northern Ireland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Northern Ireland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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SUMMARY
=======
Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen); Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to put forward views and proposals with determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments.Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Unlike Southern Ireland, which would become the Irish Free State in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland's population were unionists, who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom. Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain. However, a significant minority, mostly Catholics, were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule. Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned.For most of the 20th century, when it came into existence, Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, called a cold house for Catholics. In the late 1960s, conflict between state forces and chiefly Protestant unionists on the one hand, and chiefly Catholic nationalists on the other, erupted into three decades of violence known as the Troubles, which claimed over 3,500 lives and caused over 50,000 casualties. The 1998 Good Friday Agreement was a major step in the peace process, including the decommissioning of weapons, although sectarianism and religious segregation still remain major social problems, and sporadic violence has continued.Northern Ireland has historically been the most industrialised region of Ireland. After declining as a result of the political and social turmoil of the Troubles, its economy has grown significantly since the late 1990s. The initial growth came from the peace dividend and the links which increased trade with the Republic of Ireland, continuing with a significant increase in tourism, investment and business from around the world. Unemployment in Northern Ireland peaked at 17.2% in 1986, dropping to 6.1% for June–August 2014 and down by 1.2 percentage points over the year, similar to the UK figure of 6.2%. 58.2% of those unemployed had been unemployed for over a year.
Prominent artists and sportspeople from Northern Ireland include Van Morrison, Rory McIlroy, Joey Dunlop, Wayne McCullough and George Best. Some people from Northern Ireland prefer to identify as Irish (e.g., poet Seamus Heaney and actor Liam Neeson) while others prefer to identify as British (e.g. actor Kenneth Branagh). Cultural links between Northern Ireland, the rest of Ireland, and the rest of the UK are complex, with Northern Ireland sharing both the culture of Ireland and the culture of the United Kingdom. In many sports, the island of Ireland fields a single team, a notable exception being association football. Northern Ireland competes separately at the Commonwealth Games, and people from Northern Ireland may compete for either Great Britain or Ireland at the Olympic Games.
Antiphonary | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Antiphonary
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- learn while on the move
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SUMMARY
=======
An Antiphonary is one of the liturgical books intended for use in choro (i. e. in the liturgical choir), and originally characterized, as its name implies, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Roman liturgy. In current usage Antiphoner refers more narrowly to books containing the chants for the Divine Office in distinction to the Gradual (Graduale or more rarely antiphonarium Missarum), which contains the antiphons used for the Mass.The discussion below is almost entirely drawn from the 1908 article in the Catholic Encyclopedia. Subsequent developments have been the replacement of the Ratisbon editions with the Vatican edition of 1912 and the publication of the Antiphonale monasticum (1934) produced by the Benedictines of Solesmes, In 1971 the Office was substantially revised and renamed the Liturgy of the Hours (Liturgia Horarum) and new books appeared: the Psalterium monasticum (1981) and the Liber hymnarius (1982).
Sean Hegarty - Comedian
Sean Hegarty, Comedian - “Duct tape their mouths, handcuff them, put them in the back seat and then 10 minutes later they are completely fine”
Sean Hegarty is well known for creating the online social media personality “Rodney”, has his own podcast with his wife “Hanging with the Hegarty’s”, a stand up comedian and all over funny guy!
Sean has a show running a solo show in Armagh Market Place on 13-09-19 if you would be interested in going to see him live tickets are available here.
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Christine Froula On Modernist Revolution & Contemporary Returns
Northwestern English professor Christine Froula examines
the many ways the Modernist Revolution relates to 21st-century art. Learn more about her
background here:
Want to learn more about Northwestern SPS’ Masters in Literature? Read more:
Kansas Lecture Series 2016: What is a Kansan?
Kansas author and 2016 Kansan of the Year, Jim Hoy, speaks about what it means to be a Kansan.
For more information on this and other happenings at the college, visit
Cistercians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cistercians
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (Latin: (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also known as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the cuccula or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks.
The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.
The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. The Cistercians also made major contributions to culture and technology in mediaeval Europe: Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture; and the Cistercians were the main force of technological diffusion in fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering, and metallurgy.
The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking a simpler lifestyle began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, and became known as the Trappists. The Trappists were eventually consolidated in 1892 into a new order called the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (Latin: Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), abbreviated as OCSO. The Cistercians who did not observe these reforms and remained within the Order of Cistercians and are sometimes called the Cistercians of the Common Observance when distinguishing them from the Trappists.
Antiphonary | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Antiphonary
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
An Antiphonary is one of the liturgical books intended for use in choro (i. e. in the liturgical choir), and originally characterized, as its name implies, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Roman liturgy. In current usage Antiphoner refers more narrowly to books containing the chants for the Divine Office in distinction to the Gradual (Graduale or more rarely antiphonarium Missarum), which contains the antiphons used for the Mass.The discussion below is almost entirely drawn from the 1908 article in the Catholic Encyclopedia. Subsequent developments have been the replacement of the Ratisbon editions with the Vatican edition of 1912 and the publication of the Antiphonale monasticum (1934) produced by the Benedictines of Solesmes, In 1971 the Office was substantially revised and renamed the Liturgy of the Hours (Liturgia Horarum) and new books appeared: the Psalterium monasticum (1981) and the Liber hymnarius (1982).
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Audiobook by James Joyce | Audio book with subtitles
This is James Joyce's first novel, the semi-autobiographical story of a young Irish boy who struggles with family, country, and religion to become an artist and a man. (Summary by Peter Bobbe)
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
James JOYCE
Genre(s): Published 1900 onward
Chapters:
0:26 | Chapter 1. Part 1.
41:22 | Chapter 1. Part 2
1:06:59 | Chapter 1. Part 3
1:49:15 | Chapter 2. Part 1
2:18:52 | Chapter 2. Part 2
2:49:03 | Chapter 2. Part 3
3:23:43 | Chapter 3. Part 1
3:40:28 | Chapter 3. Part 2
4:23:57 | Chapter 3. Part 3
4:51:10 | Chapter 3. Part 4
5:18:30 | Chapter 4. Part 1
6:00:15 | Chapter 4. Part 2
6:22:35 | Chapter 5. Part 1
7:08:06 | Chapter 5. Part 2
7:53:49 | Chapter 5. Part 3
8:30:22 | Chapter 5. Part 4
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Jocelyn Bell Burnell | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:04 1 Education and early life
00:03:37 2 Career and research
00:06:40 2.1 Nobel Prize controversy
00:08:14 2.2 Awards
00:09:57 2.3 Honours
00:10:55 2.4 Publications
00:11:44 3 Personal and non-academic life
00:12:10 3.1 Quaker activities and beliefs
00:13:19 3.2 Marriage
00:13:54 4 See also
00:14:06 5 Notes
00:14:15 5.1 Citations
00:14:24 6 Works cited
00:14:34 7 Further reading
00:15:09 8 External links
00:15:19 8.1 Video
00:15:42 8.2 Audio
00:16:07 8.3 Text
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.964490998789709
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell (; born 15 July 1943) is an astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who, as a postgraduate student, co-discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967. She was credited with one of the most significant scientific achievements of the 20th century. The discovery was recognised by the award of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, but despite the fact that she was the first to observe the pulsars, Bell was not one of the recipients of the prize.
The paper announcing the discovery of pulsars had five authors. Bell's thesis supervisor Antony Hewish was listed first, Bell second. Hewish was awarded the Nobel Prize, along with the astronomer Martin Ryle. Many prominent astronomers criticised Bell's omission, including Sir Fred Hoyle. In 1977, Bell Burnell played down this controversy, saying, I believe it would demean Nobel Prizes if they were awarded to research students, except in very exceptional cases, and I do not believe this is one of them. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, in its press release announcing the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, cited Ryle and Hewish for their pioneering work in radio-astrophysics, with particular mention of Ryle's work on aperture-synthesis technique, and Hewish's decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.
Bell served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society from 2002 to 2004, as president of the Institute of Physics from October 2008 until October 2010, and as interim president of the Institute following the death of her successor, Marshall Stoneham, in early 2011.
In 2018, she was awarded the Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. She donated the whole of the £2.3 million prize money to help female, minority, and refugee students become physics researchers.
University of British Columbia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:05 1 History
00:02:13 1.1 Foundation and early years
00:06:03 1.2 Move to Point Grey
00:11:15 1.3 Postwar years
00:13:27 1.4 Recent history
00:14:42 2 Campuses
00:14:51 2.1 Vancouver
00:19:16 2.2 Okanagan
00:20:49 2.3 Libraries, archives and galleries
00:24:10 3 Governance and academics
00:25:26 3.1 Faculties and schools
00:27:21 3.1.1 Dual undergraduate degree with Sciences Po
00:28:27 3.2 Enrollment
00:29:16 3.3 Reputation
00:31:14 3.4 Research
00:34:37 3.5 Sustainability
00:40:12 3.5.1 Water Action Plan
00:41:23 3.5.2 Water conservation initiatives
00:43:10 3.5.3 Community efforts
00:43:57 3.6 Indigenous
00:45:07 4 Finances
00:45:58 4.1 Tuition
00:46:43 4.1.1 Undergraduate tuition
00:49:59 4.1.2 Graduate tuition
00:50:38 5 Student life
00:50:47 5.1 Student representation
00:52:31 5.2 Student facilities
00:55:26 5.3 Greek organizations
00:59:48 5.4 Residences
01:08:05 5.5 Athletics
01:10:41 5.5.1 Marching band
01:11:14 5.5.2 Fight song
01:11:45 5.6 Campus events
01:15:17 5.6.1 Rape chant controversy
01:16:09 5.6.2 Model United Nations
01:17:07 6 Notable people
01:22:04 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8143608337276311
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public research university with campuses in Vancouver and Kelowna, British Columbia. Established in 1908, UBC is British Columbia's oldest university. The university is ranked among the top 20 public universities worldwide and among the top three in Canada. With an annual research budget of $600 million, UBC funds over 8,000 projects a year.The Vancouver campus is situated about 10 km (6 mi) west of Downtown Vancouver. UBC is home to TRIUMF, Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics, which houses the world's largest cyclotron. In addition to the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies and Stuart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, UBC and the Max Planck Society collectively established the first Max Planck Institute in North America, specializing in quantum materials. One of the largest research libraries in Canada, the UBC Library system has over 9.9 million volumes among its 21 branches. The Okanagan campus, acquired in 2005, is located in Kelowna, British Columbia.
As of 2017, eight Nobel laureates, 71 Rhodes scholars, 65 Olympians, ten fellows in both American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Royal Society, and 208 fellows to the Royal Society of Canada have been affiliated with UBC. Three Canadian prime ministers, including Canada's first female prime minister Kim Campbell and current prime minister Justin Trudeau have been educated at UBC.
Gerrymandering | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:02 1 Etymology
00:05:49 2 International examples of gerrymandering
00:06:58 2.1 Bahamas
00:07:11 2.2 Australia
00:09:28 2.3 Canada
00:12:03 2.4 Chile
00:14:56 2.5 France
00:17:08 2.6 Germany
00:20:06 2.7 Greece
00:22:10 2.8 Hong Kong
00:22:42 2.9 Hungary
00:23:20 2.10 Ireland
00:26:17 2.11 Kuwait
00:27:11 2.12 Malaysia
00:28:29 2.13 Malta
00:28:53 2.14 Nepal
00:29:28 2.15 Philippines
00:31:39 2.16 Singapore
00:32:48 2.17 Spain
00:34:33 2.18 Sri Lanka
00:34:57 2.19 Sudan
00:35:53 2.20 Turkey
00:36:19 2.21 United Kingdom
00:36:28 2.21.1 Northern Ireland
00:40:55 2.21.2 Boundary Review
00:44:24 2.22 United States
00:49:41 2.23 Venezuela
00:50:42 3 Gerrymandering tactics
00:54:13 4 Effects
00:56:08 4.1 Effect on electoral competition
00:58:36 4.2 Increased incumbent advantage and campaign costs
01:01:40 4.3 Less descriptive representation
01:05:35 4.4 Incumbent gerrymandering
01:07:03 4.5 Prison-based gerrymandering
01:08:00 5 Changes to achieve competitive elections
01:08:59 5.1 Redistricting by neutral or cross-party agency
01:12:28 5.2 Transparency regulations
01:14:02 5.3 Changing the voting system
01:15:49 5.4 Changing the size of districts and the elected body
01:17:47 5.5 Using fixed districts
01:19:50 5.6 Objective rules to create districts
01:21:37 5.6.1 Minimum district to convex polygon ratio
01:23:00 5.6.2 Shortest splitline algorithm
01:26:28 5.6.3 Minimum isoperimetric quotient
01:27:48 5.6.4 Efficiency Gap calculation
01:28:24 6 Use of databases and computer technology
01:30:33 7 Voting Systems
01:30:43 7.1 First-Past-The-Post
01:32:20 7.2 Proportional Systems
01:32:56 7.3 Mixed Systems
01:34:22 8 Difference from malapportionment
01:34:58 9 Related terms
01:35:16 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8777445683108059
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Gerrymandering ( GERR-ee-mand-ər-ing) is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries.
The term is named after Elbridge Gerry, who, as Governor of Massachusetts in 1812, signed a bill that created a partisan district in the Boston area that was compared to the shape of a mythological salamander.
In addition to its use achieving desired electoral results for a particular party, gerrymandering may be used to help or hinder a particular demographic, such as a political, ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, or class group, such as in Northern Ireland where boundaries were constructed to guarantee Protestant Unionist majorities. The U.S. federal voting district boundaries that produce a majority of constituents representative of African-American or other racial minorities, known as majority-minority districts. Gerrymandering can also be used to protect incumbents. Wayne Dawkings describes it as politicians picking their voters instead of voters picking their politicians.The term gerrymandering has negative connotations. Two principal tactics are used in gerrymandering: cracking (i.e. diluting the voting power of the opposing party's supporters across many districts) and packing (concentrating the opposing party's voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts). A third tactic, shown in the top-left diagram in the graphic to the right, is homogenization of all districts (essentially a form of cracking where the majority party uses its superior numbers to guarantee the minority party never attains a majority in any district).
The resulting district is known as a gerrymander (); however, that word is also a verb for the process.
Gerrymandering | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gerrymandering
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries. The resulting district is known as a gerrymander (); however, that word is also a verb for the process. The term gerrymandering has negative connotations. Two principal tactics are used in gerrymandering: cracking (i.e. diluting the voting power of the opposing party's supporters across many districts) and packing (concentrating the opposing party's voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts). The third tactic, shown in the top-left diagram in the diagrams to the right, is that of homogenization of all districts.
In addition to its use achieving desired electoral results for a particular party, gerrymandering may be used to help or hinder a particular demographic, such as a political, ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, or class group, such as in U.S. federal voting district boundaries that produce a majority of constituents representative of African-American or other racial minorities, known as majority-minority districts. Gerrymandering can also be used to protect incumbents.